Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 14th-Recently, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Outline of the Strategic Plan for Expanding Domestic Demand (2022-2035), and issued a notice asking all localities and departments to conscientiously implement it in light of the actual situation.
The main contents of the Outline of the Strategic Plan for Expanding Domestic Demand (2022-2035) are as follows.
Firmly implementing the strategy of expanding domestic demand and cultivating a complete domestic demand system is an inevitable choice to accelerate the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic macro-cycle as the main body and the domestic and international dual-cycle promoting each other, and is a strategic decision to promote China’s long-term development and long-term stability. In order to promote the implementation of the strategy of expanding domestic demand, this planning outline is formulated in accordance with the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Outline of Long-term Goals in 2035.
I. Planning background
(A) China has achieved remarkable results in expanding domestic demand.
Since the reform and opening up, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, while deeply participating in the international industrial division of labor, China has continuously improved the quality of domestic supply, focused on releasing domestic market demand, and promoted the formation of a strong domestic market. The supporting role of domestic demand for economic development has been significantly enhanced.
The basic role of consumption has been continuously strengthened. The proportion of final consumption expenditure to GDP has remained above 50% for 11 consecutive years. Traditional consumption such as housing, transportation and consumption has increased significantly, and the per capita housing construction area of urban residents has increased steadily. The sales of new cars have ranked first in the world for 13 consecutive years. The new consumption format and new mode have developed rapidly. In 2021, the online retail sales of physical goods accounted for 24.5% of the total retail sales of social consumer goods, and the per capita service consumption expenditure accounted for 44.2% of the per capita consumption expenditure.
The key role of investment is better played. China’s total capital formation accounts for a reasonable proportion of GDP, which provides a strong support for optimizing the supply structure and promoting the steady economic development. The level of infrastructure construction has been comprehensively improved, the national comprehensive transportation corridor has been accelerated, and a number of major water conservancy facilities have been completed and put into use. The construction of new infrastructure such as 5G was accelerated, significant achievements were made in the construction of major scientific and technological projects, and investment in high-tech industries continued to grow rapidly. Shortcomings and weaknesses in the fields of health care, eco-environmental protection, agriculture and rural areas, and education have been accelerated.
The operating mechanism of the domestic market has been continuously improved. The construction of a high-standard market system has been accelerated, the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform has continued to deepen, the business environment has been continuously optimized, key reforms such as market-oriented allocation of factors and property rights system have been steadily promoted, the circulation system has been accelerated and improved, the social security system has been gradually improved, and the basic public service system for coordinating urban and rural areas has been accelerated, and the market vitality has been effectively stimulated.
The international and domestic markets are more closely linked. China’s gross domestic product exceeds 110 trillion yuan, and it has become the second largest commodity consumption market in the world, driving the continuous expansion of import scale and continuous optimization of structure. International economic and trade cooperation has been solidly promoted, and remarkable progress has been made in opening up to the outside world. China has become one of the most attractive foreign capital inflow countries, and the quality of foreign capital utilization has been continuously improved. China’s market and the global market have further coordinated development and mutual benefit.
(2) of great significance
Implementing the strategy of expanding domestic demand is to meet the realistic needs of people’s yearning for a better life. China’s economy has changed from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage, and its development requirements and conditions have shown new features. In particular, people’s yearning for a better life has generally changed from "whether there is" to "whether it is good", showing diversified, multi-level and multi-faceted characteristics. To solve the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development, we must firmly implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand, consolidate the foundation, promote the advantages, supplement the shortcomings and strong and weak items, meet the needs of the people by increasing the supply of high-quality products and services, promote the all-round development of people and the all-round progress of society, and promote the virtuous circle of supply and demand at a higher level.
Implementing the strategy of expanding domestic demand is an active choice to give full play to the advantages of super-large-scale market. The economy of a big country is characterized by domestic demand. The domestic demand market is connected with economic development at one end and people’s livelihood at the other, which is the main support of economic development. After more than 40 years of reform and opening up, China’s economy has developed continuously and rapidly, and gradually formed a super-large-scale market advantage in terms of market demand, industrial system, human resources, soft and hard infrastructure, and laid the foundation for cultivating a complete domestic demand system. To give full play to the advantages of super-large-scale market, we must firmly implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand, expand household consumption and effective investment, enhance the resilience of economic development, and promote sustained and healthy economic development.
Implementing the strategy of expanding domestic demand is an inevitable requirement to cope with the profound changes in the international environment. The great changes in the world that have never happened in a century have accelerated the evolution, the international power has been adjusted profoundly, the COVID-19 epidemic has a far-reaching impact, and the uncertainty of unbalanced world economic growth has increased. Unilateralism, protectionism and hegemonism pose a threat to world peace and development. Facing the complicated and severe external environment, we must firmly implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand and effectively deal with external risk challenges with our own stable development.
Implementing the strategy of expanding domestic demand is the key support to promote economic cycle more efficiently. The key to building a new development pattern lies in the unimpeded economic cycle. To promote the smooth domestic circulation, we must firmly implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand, open up the blocking point of economic circulation and consolidate the domestic basic disk; To realize the mutual promotion of domestic and international double circulation, we must also firmly implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand, better rely on the domestic big market, effectively use global factors and market resources, achieve more efficient connection between domestic and foreign markets, and promote the development of a higher level of domestic big circulation.
(3) Opportunities and challenges
Entering the new stage of development, China’s domestic market foundation has become more solid, and the environmental conditions for implementing the strategy of expanding domestic demand have changed profoundly. Looking forward to the future, the characteristics of domestic market leading the national economic cycle will be more obvious, consumption has become the main driving force of China’s economic growth, and the optimization and upgrading of residents’ consumption will be combined with modern technology and production methods, and China, the most potential consumer market in the world, will continue to grow and develop. China is in the stage of rapid development of new industrialization, informationization, urbanization and agricultural modernization. Compared with developed countries, there is still much room for investment in many aspects, and the investment demand potential is huge. At the same time, Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s institutional advantages are remarkable, its macro-economic governance capacity has been continuously improved, reform and innovation have constantly nurtured new development momentum, the construction of a unified national market has been accelerated, the institutional environment for the circulation of goods and factors has been continuously improved, the quality and allocation level of production factors in China have been significantly improved, and the domestic market space has become broader.
At the same time, we must see that China still faces many constraints in expanding domestic demand. The tightening of labor, land, environment and other factors restricts investment growth, innovation ability can not fully meet the requirements of high-quality development, and it is difficult to effectively meet the personalized and diversified consumer needs of the masses; There is a big gap between urban and rural regional development and income distribution, there are shortcomings in people’s livelihood security, hidden risks in financial and other fields can not be ignored, and there are still many institutional mechanisms that restrict the release of domestic demand potential; With the increasingly fierce international competition, it is a long way to go to turn China into a "gravitational field" of international high-end factor resources.
On the whole, there are new developments and changes in the opportunities and challenges of expanding domestic demand in China, and the opportunities outweigh the challenges on the whole. We must firmly implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand, accurately grasp the development law of the domestic market, take precautions, seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, foster opportunities in the crisis, open up new opportunities in the changing situation, constantly release the potential of domestic demand, give full play to its pulling role, build a stronger domestic market, and promote the stable, healthy and sustainable development of China’s economy.
Second, the overall requirements
(4) Guiding ideology
Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, base on the new stage of development, implement the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively, build a new development pattern, take promoting high-quality development as the theme, deepen supply-side structural reform as the main line, take reform and innovation as the fundamental driving force, take meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life as the fundamental purpose, adhere to the system concept, and better coordinate development and safety. Firmly grasp the strategic basis of expanding domestic demand, accelerate the cultivation of a complete domestic demand system, strengthen demand-side management, promote the formation of a strong domestic market, focus on unblocking the domestic economic cycle, promote the benign interaction between domestic and international double cycles, promote China’s economic stability and social stability and harmony, and lay a solid foundation for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.
(5) Working principles
— — Adhere to the party’s leadership and give full play to the institutional advantages. Give full play to the Party’s core role of commanding the overall situation and coordinating all parties, implement the Party’s requirements of directing, seeking the overall situation, formulating policies and promoting reform, implement the Party’s leadership throughout the implementation of the strategy of expanding domestic demand, give full play to the remarkable advantages of China’s national system and national governance system in many aspects, and provide a fundamental guarantee for the implementation of the strategy of expanding domestic demand.
— — Adhere to the people’s position and enhance people’s livelihood and well-being. Adhere to the people as the center, take meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life as the starting point and the end result of expanding domestic demand, always achieve development for the people, development depends on the people, and development results are shared by the people, solidly promote common prosperity, and continuously enhance the people’s sense of acquisition, happiness and security.
— — Adhere to the top-level design and serve the overall strategy. Adhere to the strategic starting point of expanding domestic demand, lead and create new demand with innovation-driven and high-quality supply, make expanding domestic demand an important support for building a new development pattern, promote quality change, efficiency change and power change, and promote the dynamic balance between supply and demand at a higher level.
— — Adhere to reform and opening up and enhance endogenous motivation. Unswervingly release and stimulate market potential by means of reform, combine effective market with promising government, give full play to the decisive role of market in resource allocation, better play the role of government, break down the institutional and institutional obstacles that restrict the growth of domestic demand, continuously improve the efficiency of factor allocation and product circulation, and at the same time implement a higher level of opening up, make full use of international high-end factor resources, and continuously enhance the vitality of the domestic market.
— — Adhere to the system concept and strengthen synergy and efficiency. Strengthen forward-looking thinking, overall planning, strategic layout and overall promotion, speed up the cultivation of a complete domestic demand system, coordinate the major relationships between supply and demand, consumption and investment, domestic demand and external demand, quantity and quality, domestic and international, speed and benefit, efficiency and fairness, development and security, and do our best to achieve the unity of development quality, structure, scale, speed, benefit and security, so as to expand domestic demand.
(VI) Development goals
According to the strategic arrangement of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, looking forward to 2035, the long-term goals of implementing the strategy of expanding domestic demand are: the scale of consumption and investment will reach a new level, and a complete domestic demand system will be established in an all-round way; New industrialization, informationization, urbanization and agricultural modernization have been basically realized, greater achievements have been made in the construction of a strong domestic market, major breakthroughs have been made in key core technologies, and the domestic cycle driven by innovation and domestic demand has become more efficient and smooth; People’s lives are better, the per capita income of urban and rural residents has reached a new level, middle-income groups have expanded significantly, basic public services have been equalized, the gap between urban and rural regional development and the gap between residents’ living standards has narrowed significantly, and all people have made more obvious substantive progress in common prosperity; The supporting role of reform in the development of domestic demand has been greatly improved, the high-standard market system has been improved, and the modern circulation system has been fully established; China’s new advantages in participating in global economic cooperation and competition have been continuously enhanced, and the international influence of the domestic market has been greatly enhanced.
Anchoring the long-term goal in 2035 and considering the development environment and conditions comprehensively, the main objectives of implementing the strategy of expanding domestic demand during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period are:
— — Promote consumption investment and achieve new breakthroughs in the scale of domestic demand. The basic role of consumption and the key role of investment have been further enhanced. Domestic demand has continued to develop healthily, quality and efficiency have been significantly improved, the advantages of ultra-large-scale market have been fully exerted, the domestic market has become stronger, and remarkable progress has been made in cultivating a complete domestic demand system.
— — Improve the distribution pattern and continuously release the potential of domestic demand. The distribution structure has improved significantly, the gap between urban and rural regional development and the gap between residents’ living standards has gradually narrowed, and the actual growth of per capita disposable income of residents is basically in sync with economic growth. The level of equalization of basic public services has been continuously improved, the multi-level social security system has been improved, and social undertakings have been accelerated.
— — Improve the quality of supply and better meet domestic demand. Significant progress has been made in structural reform on the supply side, the agricultural foundation has become more stable, the proportion of manufacturing industry has been basically stable, the construction of modern service industry has been accelerated, the development foundation of the real economy has been further consolidated, the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries have been accelerated, the development of new industries and new formats has been accelerated, the innovation capability has been significantly improved, the industrial base has been upgraded, the level of industrial chain modernization has been significantly improved, and the adaptability of the supply system to domestic demand has been continuously enhanced.
— — Improve the market system, stimulate domestic demand and achieve remarkable results. A high-standard market system with unified opening, orderly competition, complete system and perfect governance has been basically established, goods and factors have flowed more smoothly between urban and rural areas, significant progress has been made in the reform of property rights system and market-oriented allocation of factors, the business environment has been continuously optimized, the fair competition system has been improved, and the modern circulation system has been established and improved.
— — Smooth economic cycle, the efficiency of domestic demand development continues to improve. A new open economic system with a higher level has basically taken shape, and the degree of economic cooperation between China and neighboring regions has further deepened, which has continuously enhanced the driving role for the development of neighboring and global economies.
(7) Key tasks
Adhere to the problem orientation, focus on promoting high-quality development, and deploy and implement the key tasks of expanding domestic demand strategy in view of the main problems faced by China in expanding domestic demand in the medium and long term, especially the difficulties such as insufficient effective supply capacity, large distribution gap, low modernization of circulation system, imperfect consumption system and mechanism, and still need to optimize investment structure.
Accelerate the cultivation of a complete domestic demand system. We should organically combine the implementation of the strategy of expanding domestic demand with deepening the structural reform on the supply side, expand the domestic demand system according to the whole chain of production, distribution, circulation, consumption and investment reproduction, and cultivate a complete domestic demand system composed of improving supply quality, optimizing distribution pattern, perfecting circulation system, comprehensively promoting consumption and expanding investment space.
Promote the formation of a strong domestic market. Efforts will be made to tap the potential of domestic demand, especially to promote new urbanization and coordinated development between urban and rural areas to release the potential of domestic demand and further expand the domestic market. By optimizing the market structure, improving the market mechanism, stimulating market vitality and enhancing market resilience, we will further strengthen the domestic market and promote the stable development of the domestic market and the continuous improvement of international influence.
Support the smooth domestic economic cycle. Further promote the organic connection and circular circulation of various elements, and form a benign domestic economic cycle of increasing products and services, accumulating social wealth, improving people’s well-being and enhancing national strength. Supported by a strong domestic economic cycle, we will strive to promote high-level opening up to the outside world, create a "gravitational field" of international high-end factor resources, make domestic and international markets better connected, enhance the efficiency and level of domestic large-scale circulation with international circulation, and realize mutual promotion and common progress of domestic and international double circulation.
Third, comprehensively promote consumption and accelerate the upgrading of consumption.
Final consumption is the lasting driving force of economic growth. Comply with the trend of consumption upgrading, promote traditional consumption, cultivate new consumption, expand service consumption, appropriately increase public consumption, and strive to meet personalized, diversified and high-quality consumer demand.
(eight) continue to enhance traditional consumption.
Improve basic consumption quality such as food and clothing. Strengthen guidance, strengthen supervision, support innovation, promote the supply of high-quality basic consumer goods, and promote the homogeneity of domestic and foreign products with the same line and standard. Advocate a healthy diet structure, increase the supply of healthy and nutritious agricultural products and food, and promote the healthy development of the catering industry. Persevere in stopping food and beverage waste.
Release the potential of travel consumption. Optimize the layout of urban transportation network and vigorously develop smart transportation. Promote the transformation of automobile consumption from purchase management to use management. Promote the electrification, networking and intelligence of automobiles, and strengthen the construction of supporting facilities such as parking lots, charging piles, power exchange stations and hydrogen refueling stations. Facilitate second-hand car trading.
Promote the healthy development of residential consumption. Adhere to the positioning of "houses are used for living, not for speculation", strengthen the guidance of real estate market expectations, explore new development models, accelerate the establishment of a housing system with multi-subject supply, multi-channel guarantee and simultaneous rent and purchase, and steadily implement a long-term mechanism for the stable and healthy development of the real estate market, support residents’ reasonable demand for self-occupation, curb speculative demand for investment, and stabilize land prices, prices and expectations. We will improve the basic system of housing security and support policies, focus on big cities with net population inflow, and expand the supply of affordable rental housing. Develop shared property housing according to local conditions. Improve the long-term rental policy, and gradually make the rental housing have the same rights in enjoying public services. Improve the housing provident fund system. Promote the construction of barrier-free facilities, promote the consumption of home decoration, increase the consumption of smart home appliances, and promote the development of digital homes.
Better meet the consumption demand of high-end consumer goods. Promote the healthy and orderly development of the tax-free industry. Promote the integration of national brands with international standards, fully meet domestic consumer demand, and increase the domestic supply of high-end consumer goods. Cultivate and build an international consumption center city and create a number of regional consumption centers. Further promote the construction of Hainan international tourism consumption center.
(9) Actively develop service consumption.
Expand cultural and tourism consumption. Improve the modern cultural industry system and cultural market system, promote the development of high-quality cultural resources, and promote the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese excellent traditional culture. Encourage cultural relics units to rely on the cultural resources in their collections to develop all kinds of cultural and creative products and expand the supply of high-quality cultural products and services. Vigorously develop holiday and leisure tourism. Expand diversified, personalized and customized tourism products and services. Accelerate the cultivation of tourism formats such as islands, cruise ships, low altitude and deserts. Release the consumption potential of general aviation.
Increase the consumption of services for the aged and children. Adapt to the aging process of the population, promote the coordinated development of the old-age care cause and the old-age care industry, and speed up the improvement of the old-age care service system with the coordination of home community institutions and the combination of medical care and health care. Develop the silver-haired economy, promote the aging transformation of public facilities, and develop aging technologies and products. We will promote the connection between the birth policy and the economic and social policies, reduce the burden of family birth, parenting and education, improve the whole process of prenatal and postnatal care, and release the potential of the birth policy. Increase the supply of inclusive childcare and develop community childcare services with centralized management and operation.
Provide multi-level medical and health services. Comprehensively promote the construction of a healthy China, deepen the reform of the medical and health system, improve the public health system, and promote the high-quality development of public hospitals. Support social forces to provide multi-level and diversified medical services, encourage the development of general medical services, and increase the effective supply of specialized medical services. Actively develop the cause of Chinese medicine, and strive to increase high-quality services such as Chinese medicine, health care, rehabilitation and healthy tourism. Actively develop personalized medical services. Strengthen occupational health protection. Improve the prevention and control measures of normalized epidemic situation. Optimize the types of vaccines in the national immunization program in a timely manner, and gradually incorporate safe, effective and financially affordable vaccines into the national immunization program.
Improve the quality of education services. Improve the national education system and promote educational equity. Improve the guarantee mechanism for inclusive preschool education, special education and special education. Promote the balanced development of compulsory education and the integration of urban and rural areas. Consolidate and improve the popularization level of high school education. Focus on building world-class universities and first-class scientific research institutes, and strengthen the construction of science and education infrastructure and platform for integration of production and education. Improve the vocational and technical education and training system and enhance the adaptability of vocational and technical education. Encourage social forces to provide diversified educational services, support and standardize the development of private education, comprehensively standardize off-campus education and training behavior, steadily promote the reform of classified management of private education, and carry out high-level Chinese-foreign cooperation in running schools.
Promote mass sports consumption. We will further implement the national fitness strategy, build a national trail system, and promote the construction of sports parks. Taking professional sports such as football and basketball as the starting point, we will improve the quality of sports events and the perception and experience of consumers, and promote the expansion and upgrading of the competition performance industry. Develop new formats such as online fitness and online competitions. Promote the ice and snow movement "spreading in the south and expanding in the west and advancing in the east", and drive the masses to "like ice and snow".
Promote the upgrading and expansion of domestic service. Promote the professional, large-scale, networked and standardized development of domestic service industry, improve the standard system of domestic service, and develop employee-based domestic enterprises. Deepen the "leader" action of upgrading and expanding the domestic service industry. Improve the quality of domestic service and training, promote the identification of socialized vocational skills, and strengthen the occupational risk protection of domestic workers. Promote housekeeping into the community and build a 24-hour life chain service system. Encourage the development of high-end domestic services such as housekeepers.
Improve the level of community public services. Build a community service system that combines public service, convenience service and voluntary mutual assistance service, enhance the function of community service, guide social forces to participate in the supply of community service, continuously improve the quality of community service, and improve the intelligent level of community service. Support the integration and innovation of home economics, pension, child care, property and other formats. Improve the ability and level of community epidemic prevention and control.
(10) Accelerate the cultivation of new consumption.
Support the integrated development of online and offline commodity consumption. Accelerate the digital transformation and transformation and upgrading of traditional offline formats. Enrich the application scenarios of 5G networks and Gigabit optical networks. Accelerate the research and development of intelligent products and support technical applications such as autonomous driving and unmanned distribution. Develop new retail formats such as smart supermarkets, smart stores and smart restaurants. We will improve the standard system of technologies and services in new consumption areas, standardize the development of platform economy according to law, and enhance the regulatory capacity of new formats.
Cultivate a new model of "social service in internet plus". Strengthen and improve online learning services, and promote the co-construction and sharing of various digital education resources. Actively develop the "Internet+medical health" service, improve the charging policy for Internet diagnosis and treatment, and include eligible Internet medical services into the scope of medical insurance payment according to procedures. In-depth development of online entertainment, encourage traditional offline cultural and entertainment formats to be online, and support the creation of digital boutique content and emerging digital resource communication platforms. Encourage the development of smart tourism, smart radio and television and smart sports. Support the development of convenient online office and contactless transaction services.
Promote the development of new consumption formats such as sharing economy. Expand the new space of shared life, encourage intelligent product upgrading and business model innovation in the fields of shared travel, shared accommodation and shared tourism, and improve the relevant standards of shared products with public service attributes. Create a new driving force for shared production, encourage enterprises to open platform resources, and fully tap the application potential of idle stock resources. Encourage manufacturing enterprises to explore Sharing Manufacturing’s business model and applicable scenarios. Comply with the trend of technological progress such as network and information, and support and guide the healthy development of new ways of life and consumption.
Develop a new individual economy. Support diversified business models such as social e-commerce and webcasting, and encourage the development of innovative platforms based on knowledge dissemination and experience sharing. Support online diversified socialization, standardized and orderly development of short video platforms, and encourage innovations such as micro-applications, micro-products and micro-movies.
(eleven) vigorously advocate green and low-carbon consumption.
Actively develop the green and low-carbon consumer market. Improve the production and promotion mechanism of green and low-carbon products. Promote the green renewal and quality upgrade of durable consumer goods. Vigorously develop energy-saving and low-carbon buildings. Improve the green procurement system and increase the government’s procurement of low-carbon products. Establish and improve the standard, labeling and certification system of green products and the mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products. Accelerate the construction of a recycling system for waste materials and standardize the development of recycling industries for automobiles, power batteries, household appliances and electronic products.
Advocate an economical and intensive green lifestyle. In-depth development of green life creation. Promote the construction of green communities. Planning and building urban and rural infrastructure according to the concept of green and low-carbon cycle. Advocate green and low-carbon travel, develop urban public transportation, and improve the urban slow traffic system. Improve urban ecology and ventilation corridors, and improve the level of urban greening. In-depth implementation of the national water-saving action. Continue to promote the management of excessive packaging, advocate rational consumption of consumers, and promote the formation of a social atmosphere of "saving glory and wasting shame".
Fourth, optimize the investment structure and expand the investment space
Be good at grasping the investment direction, remove investment obstacles, focus on key areas and weak links, strive to increase investment in manufacturing industry, intensify efforts to make up for shortcomings in key areas, systematically lay out new infrastructure, focus on improving investment efficiency, promote reasonable investment scale growth, continuously optimize the structure, and enhance the stamina of investment growth.
(12) Increase investment support in manufacturing industry.
Focusing on promoting the high-quality development of manufacturing industry and building a manufacturing power, we will guide all kinds of high-quality resource elements to gather in manufacturing industry. Increase investment in the optimization and upgrading of traditional manufacturing industries, expand investment in advanced manufacturing fields, and improve the quality and efficiency of the manufacturing supply system. Strengthen the technological transformation of manufacturing industry, and support enterprises to apply innovative technologies and products to implement technological transformation. Improve the policy system to promote the development of manufacturing industry, reduce the production and operation costs of enterprises, and enhance the profitability of manufacturing industry. Strengthen the protection of factors such as land use and energy consumption for manufacturing investment. Innovate and improve the equity and bond financing tools of manufacturing enterprises.
(13) Continue to promote short-term investment in key areas.
Accelerate the construction of transportation infrastructure. We will improve the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network with railways as the backbone and highways as the foundation, and give full play to the comparative advantages of water transport and civil aviation, promote the construction of the main skeleton of "6 axes, 7 corridors and 8 channels", and strengthen the transportation links between regions, urban agglomerations and provinces. Strengthen the construction of strategic backbone channels in the central and western regions and coastal areas along the Yangtze River, promote the upgrading and expansion of channels with tight capacity in an orderly manner, and strengthen interconnection with neighboring countries. Accelerate the construction of the national railway network, run through the main channels of "eight vertical and eight horizontal" high-speed railways, promote the construction of regional connecting lines in an orderly manner, and accelerate the construction of ordinary-speed railways and the transformation and upgrading of existing railways. Support key urban agglomerations to take the lead in building intercity railway networks, promote the development of urban (suburban) railways and urban rail transit in key metropolitan areas, and integrate them with trunk railways. Improve the backbone lines of the highway network, improve the quality of the national highway network, speed up the construction of inter-provincial highways, and promote the upgrading of bottleneck sections of ordinary national highways. Continue to promote the construction of "four good rural roads". Strengthen the construction of aviation network, speed up the construction of international and regional hub airports, actively promote the construction of regional airports and general airports, and promote the construction of world-class airports in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and Chengdu-Chongqing. Enhance the comprehensive advantages of water transport, promote the construction of world-class port groups in the coastal areas of Tianjin and Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, support the construction of international shipping centers, and accelerate the construction of high-grade inland waterway networks such as the Yangtze River. Construct a multi-level and integrated comprehensive transportation hub system.
Strengthen the construction of energy infrastructure. Improve the safety and intelligence level of power grid, optimize the layout of power production and transmission channels, improve the layout and structure of power grid main grid, build key projects of trans-provincial and trans-regional transmission channels in an orderly manner, actively promote the transformation of distribution network and rural power grid construction, and enhance the power transmission and distribution capacity to remote areas. Optimize the coal production and transportation structure, promote the intelligent and green development of coal mines, optimize the construction of five coal supply guarantee bases in Mengxi, Mengdong, Northern Shaanxi, Shanxi and Xinjiang, and improve the coal railway transportation capacity. Accelerate the construction of national trunk oil and gas pipelines, intensively arrange and orderly promote the planning and construction of lng terminal and liquefied natural gas filling stations for vehicles and vessels. Greatly improve the utilization level of clean energy, build a multi-energy complementary clean energy base, and accelerate the construction of large-scale wind power and photovoltaic bases with emphasis on deserts, Gobi and desert areas. Coordinate the promotion of ultra-low emission and energy-saving transformation of active coal-fired power units, and improve the clean and efficient development level of coal-fired power. Promote the construction of a new power system and improve the consumption and storage capacity of clean energy.
Accelerate the construction of water conservancy infrastructure. Accelerate the construction of a comprehensive water network integrating flood control and disaster reduction, water resources allocation, water ecological protection and other functions, and enhance the national water security guarantee capacity. Promote the construction of comprehensive water control projects and regulation and storage projects, accelerate the construction of cross-basin and cross-regional water resources allocation projects based on the overall basin and spatial balanced allocation of water resources, implement water diversion projects that play an important role in regional development, and enhance the ability of optimal allocation of water resources. Strengthen the construction of water-saving infrastructure. Improve the ability to prevent floods and droughts, speed up the completion of flood control shortcomings in large rivers and lakes, promote the construction of dike reinforcement, river regulation, control projects, flood storage and detention areas, and strengthen the management of small and medium-sized rivers, the prevention and control of mountain torrents and the reinforcement of dangerous reservoirs. Promote the construction of water supply, irrigation and water source projects, and strengthen the joint dispatch of water supply areas. Conditional areas can bring villages around towns into urban water supply system. Strengthen the construction of small and medium-sized water source projects in rural areas and the protection of drinking water sources, and promote the construction and modernization of large and medium-sized irrigation areas. Promote the construction of large-scale seawater desalination facilities in coastal water-deficient cities.
Improve the logistics infrastructure network. Coordinate the layout construction of national logistics hub, national backbone cold chain logistics base and demonstration logistics park, optimize the backbone logistics infrastructure network at the national level, improve the cross-regional logistics service capacity, and support the construction of a modern logistics operation system of "channel+hub+network". Optimize the network of business logistics facilities supported by comprehensive logistics parks, professional distribution centers and terminal distribution outlets. Accelerate the construction of cold chain logistics facilities for storage and preservation of agricultural products, improve the network coverage of urban and rural cold chain facilities, and promote the full coverage of cold chain for food production and marketing.
Strengthen the construction of ecological and environmental protection facilities. Improve the level of eco-environmental infrastructure in an all-round way, build an environmental infrastructure system integrating sewage, garbage, solid waste, hazardous waste, medical waste treatment and disposal facilities and monitoring and supervision capabilities, and form an environmental infrastructure network extending from cities to towns and villages. Implement major projects for the protection and restoration of important ecosystems. Promote the establishment of an ecological protection compensation system. We will comprehensively promote the efficient use of resources and build ecological and environmental protection facilities that promote the improvement of clean energy utilization and reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
Improve social and livelihood infrastructure. Fill in the shortcomings in the medical field, improve the urban infectious disease treatment network, comprehensively improve the treatment capacity of county-level hospitals, continuously improve the facilities of county-level hospitals, fill in the basic medical equipment such as township hospitals and village clinics, comprehensively improve the facilities and equipment of disease control institutions, improve the port public health prevention and control system, and improve the public health prevention and control capacity. Accelerate the filling of shortcomings in educational resources, strengthen the construction of educational infrastructure, and improve the conditions for running schools at all levels. Increase the service facilities of inclusive old-age care and medical care. Improve maternal and child health service facilities, and actively plan and build infant care and minor protection service institutions and facilities. Improve the level of county-level public cultural facilities and strengthen the construction of facilities such as radio and television transmission coverage. Accelerate the construction of high-quality and distinctive tourist attractions, resorts and leisure blocks. Improve the level of sports facilities and continuously improve the fitness facilities around the masses.
(XIV) New infrastructure for system layout
Accelerate the construction of information infrastructure. Build a high-speed ubiquitous, integrated, interconnected, safe and efficient information infrastructure to enhance data perception, transmission, storage and calculation capabilities. Accelerate the construction of Internet of Things, industrial Internet, satellite Internet and Gigabit optical network, build a national integrated big data center system, lay out and build national hub nodes of big data centers, promote the extensive and in-depth application of artificial intelligence and cloud computing, and promote the mutual integration and intelligent configuration of "cloud, network and terminal" resource elements. Demand-oriented, enhance the service capacity of the national wide-area quantum secure communication backbone network.
Comprehensively develop integrated infrastructure. Promote the deep integration of technologies such as 5G, artificial intelligence and big data with transportation and logistics, energy, ecological protection, water conservancy, emergency response and public services, and help improve the governance capacity of related industries. Support the use of 5G technology to upgrade the cable TV network. Actively and steadily develop the Internet of Vehicles.
Forward-looking layout and innovative infrastructure. Support qualified places to build regional innovative highlands, and moderately advance the layout and construction of major scientific and technological infrastructure. Optimize and upgrade industrial innovation infrastructure such as National Industrial Innovation Center, National Manufacturing Innovation Center, National Engineering Research Center and National Technology Innovation Center, and strengthen the supply of common basic technologies.
Fifth, promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas and release the potential of domestic demand.
Urbanization is an important support for expanding domestic demand, and the strategy of expanding domestic demand and the new urbanization strategy are connected in an orderly manner, making it an important driving force for economic development. Promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas is an important measure to release the potential of domestic demand and promote industrial upgrading. We should adhere to the national chess game, fully implement the strategy of rural revitalization, adhere to the major regional strategies and regional coordinated development strategies, enhance the integrity and coordination of development, and fully release the potential energy of domestic demand.
(15) Promote new urbanization with people as the core.
Promote the urbanization of agricultural transfer population. We will deepen the reform of the household registration system, establish and improve the system of providing basic public services in permanent residences, promote the full integration of agricultural transfer population into cities, and improve the quality of citizenization. Improve the relevant policies of linking financial transfer payment with the urbanization of agricultural transfer population. According to the law, we will guarantee the rural land contracting right, homestead use right and collective income distribution right of farmers who have settled in cities, establish a market system for rural property rights transfer, and improve the market-oriented exit mechanism and supporting policies for farmers’ "three rights".
Cultivate urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas. We will promote the construction of urban agglomerations such as the twin-city economic circle in Chengdu and Chongqing, improve the system and mechanism for the integrated development of urban agglomerations, and make overall plans to promote the coordinated layout of infrastructure, industrial division of labor and cooperation, public service sharing, ecological co-construction and environmental governance. Relying on the central cities with strong radiation-driven ability, we will improve the level of coordinated development of commuter circles and cultivate and develop a modern metropolitan area with a high degree of urbanization. We will promote the slimming and fitness of mega-cities and strictly control the disorderly expansion of central cities. Improve the functions of large and medium-sized cities that are livable and suitable for business, and support the cultivation of new small and medium-sized cities. We will improve the urban system, strengthen urban ecological restoration and function improvement according to laws and regulations, and reasonably determine the city scale, population density and spatial structure.
Promote urbanization with county towns as an important carrier. Promote the upgrading and capacity expansion of county public services, environmental sanitation, municipal utilities, industrial facilities and other facilities, and enhance the comprehensive carrying capacity and governance capacity. Encourage the rapid development of counties in the eastern urbanization areas, support the construction of counties in the central and western urbanization areas and northeast urbanization areas, and reasonably guide the construction of counties in major agricultural products producing areas and key ecological function areas. According to the location conditions, resource endowment and development foundation, the development of small towns is guided by classification. Promote the standardized and healthy development of characteristic towns.
Promote the planning and construction of urban facilities and urban renewal. Strengthen the systematic construction of municipal water, electricity, gas, roads, heat and communication, promote the construction of underground utility tunnel and other facilities and sponge cities, strengthen urban waterlogging control, strengthen the construction of urban sewage and garbage collection and treatment system, and build a livable, innovative, intelligent, green, humanistic and resilient city. Strengthen the renovation of old urban communities and community construction, fill the shortcomings of residential community facilities, and improve the community living environment. Accelerate the seismic reinforcement and reconstruction of housing facilities in earthquake-prone areas and strengthen urban safety monitoring. Strengthen historical and cultural protection, shape the city’s style, and continue the historical context of the city.
(sixteen) actively promote rural modernization.
Implement rural construction actions. Considering the evolution law, agglomeration characteristics and current situation distribution of villages, and combining the radius of farmers’ production and life, the layout and scale of villages are reasonably determined. Improve rural infrastructure and comprehensive service facilities, improve the quality of rural houses, and strictly build safety standards. Strengthen the construction of rural ecological civilization and the improvement of rural human settlements. Promote rural customs and traditions. Strengthen the protection of cultural heritage in rural areas, protect traditional villages, ethnic villages and rural features, so that residents can see mountains, water and remember to live in homesickness.
Improve the rural market system. Improve the circulation network of agricultural products, strengthen the construction of rural trade system, and smooth the two-way circulation channels of industrial products going to the countryside and agricultural products entering the city. Improve the county-level logistics node facilities system with county-level logistics nodes as the core, township service stations as the skeleton and village-level terminal outlets as the extension, and improve rural e-commerce supporting services. Cultivate the network brand of agricultural products. Promote the upgrading of rural residents’ consumption of automobiles, household appliances, furniture and home improvement. Guide counties to introduce new modes of urban consumption, and fully meet the personalized, diversified and high-end consumption needs of county and township residents. We will continue to crack down on counterfeit and shoddy products according to law and standardize the rural market order.
Enrich the rural economic form. We will further implement the strategy of rejuvenating agriculture through quality, promote the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries, develop modern agricultural product processing industry with high quality, and extend the agricultural industrial chain. We will develop modern rural industries with different characteristics to enrich the people, and expand characteristic industries such as leisure agriculture, rural tourism, homestay economy and rural culture. Improve the interest linkage mechanism, so that farmers can share more industrial value-added benefits. Develop a new rural collective economy, support all kinds of new agricultural management entities, and improve agricultural management efficiency and farmers’ occupational appeal. Promote the revitalization of rural talents, optimize the environment for rural innovation and entrepreneurship, and stimulate the vitality of rural innovation and entrepreneurship.
Improve the system and mechanism of urban-rural integration development. Strengthen industry to supplement agriculture, and promote the formation of a new type of relationship between workers, peasants and urban areas with mutual promotion, urban-rural complementarity, coordinated development and common prosperity. Coordinate the promotion of urban and rural planning layout and construction management, so that urban and rural areas have their own beauty and beauty. Promote the integration and coordinated development of urban and rural areas in terms of factor allocation, industrial development, safety standards, public services, ecological protection, etc., promote the equal exchange of urban and rural production factors, two-way free flow and rational allocation of public resources, and gradually narrow the gap between urban and rural development and the living standards of residents.
(seventeen) optimize the regional economic layout.
Relying on major regional strategies to create a new growth pole of domestic demand. Taking the function of relieving Beijing’s non-capital as the "bull nose", we will continue to promote the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. Adhere to ecological priority, green development and joint protection, do not engage in large-scale development, and comprehensively promote the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. We will support Hong Kong and Macao to better integrate into the overall situation of national development and actively and steadily promote the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Closely adhere to "integration" and "high quality" to improve the integration development level of the Yangtze River Delta. Coordinate the upper, middle and lower reaches to achieve great protection and solidly promote the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Support areas with advantages in economic development to enhance the carrying capacity of economy and population, enhance the capacity of innovation strategy and global resource allocation, promote inter-regional integration and interaction, foster new growth poles, and promote the overall improvement of national economic efficiency.
Promote regional coordinated development and improve the spatial pattern of domestic demand growth. Give full play to the comparative advantages of various regions under the framework of the unified national market, strive to achieve differential competition and dislocation development, and release the huge domestic demand potential of regional coordinated development. We will further promote the development of the western region, the overall revitalization of the Northeast, the rise of the central region, and the development of the eastern region, support the underdeveloped areas, old revolutionary areas and other special types of areas to accelerate development, and increase support for the development of ethnic areas. We will promote the effective connection between consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, and improve the assistance mechanism for rural low-income people and underdeveloped areas. Improve the inter-regional interest compensation and other mechanisms to promote regional coordinated development. Actively expand the development space of marine economy.
Sixth, improve the quality of supply and drive the demand to be better realized.
Effective and smooth supply side can open up circulation blocking points, eliminate bottlenecks, meet existing demand and further lead the creation of new demand. It is necessary to face the change of demand structure and supply revolution, conform to the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation trend, strengthen self-reliance and self-reliance in science and technology, lead and create new demand with innovation-driven and high-quality supply, and promote a virtuous circle of supply and demand at a higher level.
(eighteen) accelerate the development of new industries and new products.
Achieve a high level of science and technology, self-reliance and self-improvement. Optimize the overall layout of the national innovation system with the national strategic demand as the guide, and strengthen the strategic scientific and technological strength led by the national laboratory. Promote the optimal allocation and resource sharing of scientific research forces in scientific research institutes, universities and enterprises. Improve the new national system, determine the direction and focus of scientific and technological innovation, and improve the organization and management of scientific research projects. We will implement a number of forward-looking and strategic national major scientific and technological projects in frontier fields such as artificial intelligence, quantum information and brain science. Focus on core basic parts and components, key basic materials, key basic software, advanced basic technology and industrial technology foundation, and guide the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain to jointly tackle key problems. Persevere in strengthening basic research, give full play to the role of the national team of important institutions and universities, and focus on the layout of a number of basic discipline research centers. Strengthen the effective connection between scientific research and market application, support the coordination of Industry-University-Research, and promote the development of industrial chain, innovation chain and ecological chain. Strengthen the main role of scientific and technological innovation in enterprises.
Expand strategic emerging industries. Further promote the development of national strategic emerging industrial clusters and build national strategic emerging industrial bases. Improve the core competitiveness of the information technology industry in an all-round way, and promote technological innovations and applications such as artificial intelligence, advanced communications, integrated circuits, new displays, and advanced computing. Accelerate the industrialization development of biomedicine, bio-agriculture, bio-manufacturing and gene technology application services. Develop and expand the new energy industry. Promote the development and application of cutting-edge new materials. Promote the application and industrialization of major equipment engineering, accelerate the research and development of large aircraft, aero-engines and airborne equipment, and promote the construction of satellite and application infrastructure. Develop digital creative industries. In the field of cutting-edge science and technology and industrial transformation, organize the implementation of future industry incubation and acceleration plans, and plan future industries in a forward-looking way. Promote the development of advanced manufacturing clusters, build a national demonstration base for new industrialized industries, and cultivate world-class advanced manufacturing clusters.
Strengthen the application of innovative products. Relying on China’s super-large-scale market and complete industrial system, we will create unique advantages that are conducive to the rapid and large-scale application and iterative upgrading of new technologies and accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces. Improve the incentive and risk compensation mechanism, and promote the demonstration application of the first set of equipment and the first batch of sub-materials. Establish a rapid review and approval mechanism for important products.
Accelerate the promotion of digital industrialization and industrial digitalization. Strengthen the construction of digital society and digital government, develop inclusive "using numbers to empower wisdom", and continuously improve the level of digital governance. Establish and improve the cross-departmental and cross-regional data resource circulation application mechanism, strengthen the ability of data security, and optimize the circulation environment of data elements. Accelerate the development and utilization of data resources and the construction of its system norms, build an internationally competitive digital industrial cluster, and increase the digital empowerment of SMEs, especially manufacturing SMEs. Actively participate in the formulation of international rules and standards in the digital field.
Stimulate the innovative vitality of talents. Follow the law of talent growth and scientific research activities, and cultivate more world-class leading talents. Strengthen the cultivation of innovative, applied and skilled talents, and expand the team of high-level engineers and skilled talents. Encourage large enterprises and scientific research institutes to jointly cultivate scientific and technological talents. Improve the evaluation system of scientific and technological talents oriented to innovation ability, quality, effectiveness and contribution, and improve the evaluation system of skilled talents. Carry forward the scientific spirit and craftsman spirit, and improve the scientific quality of the whole people.
(nineteen) actively promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries.
Vigorously develop modern agriculture. We will continue to strengthen the basic position of agriculture, accelerate the establishment of modern agricultural industrial systems, production systems and management systems, and develop specialized and socialized agricultural services. We will improve the agricultural support and protection system, optimize the regional distribution of agricultural production, and strengthen the construction of grain production functional areas, important agricultural product production protection areas, and characteristic agricultural product advantage areas. Optimize the agricultural production structure and expand the production of agricultural products in short supply. Strengthen the construction of high-standard farmland, strengthen the protection of black land in Northeast China and restore soil fertility, and enhance the comprehensive grain production capacity. Promote the transformation and upgrading of animal husbandry, develop standardized scale farming, strengthen the prevention and control of animal disease risks, and promote the resource utilization of livestock and poultry breeding waste. Promote green and healthy aquaculture of aquatic products and develop marine fisheries in a standardized and orderly manner. Strengthen the support of agricultural science and technology and equipment, and promote agricultural mechanization and intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment. Promote the development of smart agriculture.
Promote high-end, intelligent and green manufacturing. In-depth implementation of the industrial Internet innovation and development strategy. Promote the convergence of production factors such as data, talents and technology in traditional industries and accelerate the digital transformation of enterprises. Develop intelligent manufacturing and green manufacturing, and promote the transformation of production methods to flexibility, intelligence and refinement. Build a multi-level resource efficient recycling system, promote the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, and standardize the development of remanufacturing industry.
Optimize the layout of regional industrial capacity. Give full play to the comparative advantages of various regions and optimize the pattern of regional division of labor and cooperation. Optimize the planning and layout of petrochemical, steel and other important basic industries, and strictly control the construction of projects with high energy consumption and high emissions. We will continue to improve the guidance catalogue for industrial restructuring and the catalogue of encouraged industries in the western region, support and guide the central, western and northeastern regions to undertake the gradient transfer of domestic industries on the basis of fully considering the carrying capacity of resources and environment. Promote the reconstruction of the competitive advantage of manufacturing industry in the old industrial base. Strengthen unified planning and macro guidance on the layout of major productive forces to prevent blind investment and redundant construction.
Continue to promote the extension of producer services to the high end. Develop service-oriented manufacturing, encourage manufacturing enterprises to develop producer services, expand value-added services such as R&D design, supply chain collaboration, system solutions, flexible customization, and life cycle management, and promote the transformation of manufacturing enterprises from providing "products" to providing "products+services" and upgrade the value chain. Promote the integrated development of modern service industry and advanced manufacturing industry. Actively develop science and technology service industry. Support the development of new specialized service organizations in the fields of intelligent manufacturing and process reengineering. Develop outsourcing of productive services such as R&D, design and testing, and encourage service enterprises such as e-commerce to expand into manufacturing. Guide embedded cooperation between R&D and design enterprises and manufacturing enterprises. Cultivate professional and international intellectual property service brand institutions. Focus on improving the efficiency of factor allocation and promoting the innovative development of services such as supply chain finance, information data and human resources.
(twenty) efforts to strengthen the standard quality brand building.
Improve the product and service standard system. Establish and improve a unified and compulsory national standard system. Establish a standard system for the whole industrial chain of modern agriculture, improve the high-end standard system of manufacturing industry, dynamically adjust the safety standards of consumer goods, and improve the standard system of service industries such as tourism, pension, trade and circulation. Optimize the "leader" system of enterprise standards. Vigorously develop advanced group standards. Accelerate the construction of national modern advanced measurement system. Strengthen the construction of inspection and testing system.
Continuously improve the quality of products and services. Strengthen quality and safety supervision, promote quality classification, and steadily improve the quality and safety level of consumer goods. Improve the quality certification system and improve the quality certification acceptance mechanism. Accelerate the construction of an important product traceability system covering online and offline, implement a quality service identification management system, and promote quality consumption.
In-depth implementation of trademark brand strategy. Create China brand, cultivate and develop Chinese time-honored brands and characteristic traditional cultural brands. We will continue to organize China Brand Day activities, publicize and promote domestic products, enhance the awareness of brand development in the whole society, and cultivate more world-renowned China brands in fair market competition and consumers’ independent choice.
Seven, improve the modern market and circulation system, and promote the organic connection between production and demand.
A perfect market system can promote the allocation of resources to maximize benefits and optimize efficiency, and an efficient circulation system can organically link production and consumption in a wider range and deeper degree. It is necessary to promote the formation of a unified national market, accelerate the improvement of the basic system of the market system, build a modern circulation system, optimize the allocation of production factors, effectively improve the efficiency of market operation and circulation, and promote the close integration of production and demand.
(twenty-one) to improve the level of market-oriented allocation of factors.
Promote the orderly flow of labor factors. Create a fair employment environment and ensure that urban and rural workers enjoy equal employment rights. Establish a coordinated labor and talent flow policy system and exchange and cooperation mechanism, improve a unified and standardized human resources market system, improve a unified national public service platform for human resources and social security, and promote the transformation of public resources from being mainly allocated according to urban administrative levels to managing population size mainly according to actual services.
Promote the market-oriented allocation of operational land elements. Improve the unified urban and rural construction land market and rationally adjust the land value-added income. Explore the establishment of a nationwide cross-regional trading mechanism for construction land indicators and supplementary cultivated land indicators. Accelerate the cultivation and development of the secondary market for construction land, promote the market-oriented allocation of industrial land, promote the rational conversion of different types of industrial land, and explore ways to increase the supply of mixed industrial land. We will improve the formulation and release system of urban and rural benchmark land prices and calibrated land prices, and gradually form a dynamic adjustment mechanism linked to market prices. Make full use of market mechanism to revitalize existing land and inefficient land use.
Improve the allocation mechanism of knowledge, technology and data elements. Deepen the reform of the right to use, dispose of and benefit from scientific and technological achievements, and improve the incentive mechanism for the transformation of post scientific and technological achievements. Intensify the reform of scientific research institutions and support scientific research institutions to try out more flexible management systems such as posts and salaries. Establish and improve the free and orderly flow mechanism of innovative resources among universities, scientific research institutions and enterprises. Construction of national intellectual property rights and scientific and technological achievements property rights trading institutions. Improve the market-oriented allocation mechanism of data elements, and establish basic systems and standards for data resource property rights, transaction circulation, cross-border transmission and security protection.
(twenty-two) accelerate the establishment of a fair and unified market.
Improve the market order of fair competition. Enterprises of all types of ownership are treated equally in terms of factor acquisition, access permit, operation and operation, standard formulation, bidding and government procurement. Establish fair, open and transparent competition rules, build a competition policy implementation mechanism covering all aspects before and after the event, improve the fair competition review mechanism, and strengthen the rigid constraints of fair competition review. Strengthen and improve anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition law enforcement and improve laws and regulations. Improve the evaluation system of market competition.
Accelerate the construction of a unified national market. Get rid of local protection and market segmentation, build an efficient, standardized and fair domestic unified market, get rid of institutional and institutional obstacles that hinder the market-oriented allocation of production factors and the circulation of goods and services, and reduce the transaction costs of the whole society. Improve the negative list system of market access and comprehensively improve the efficiency of market access. Promote the market-oriented reform of competitive links in energy, railways, telecommunications, public utilities and other industries. Deepen the integration and sharing of public resources trading platforms. Reasonably divide the market supervision powers of different levels of government, and build a cross-regional market supervision mechanism to effectively prevent abuse of administrative power to restrict competition.
(twenty-three) to build a modern circulation system
Optimize the modern business system. Improve the city’s commercial level, develop smart business circles, build a hierarchical and classified urban commercial pattern, and create a "quarter-hour" convenient life circle. Strengthen the construction of county commerce and establish and improve the rural commercial system. Accelerate the integration and innovation of technologies such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence with commercial circulation formats, while paying attention to preventing monopoly and security risks.
Develop modern logistics system. Focusing on improving the service chain, strengthening the service function, and coordinating the supply chain, we will improve the intensive and efficient modern logistics service system. Promote the integration and development of modern logistics industry with agriculture, manufacturing and commerce. Actively develop public iron and water combined transport, river-sea combined transport and railway express. Explore the establishment of an overall logistics coordination mechanism for urban agglomerations and cultivate organically coordinated logistics clusters. Optimize international shipping routes, strengthen international air freight network, consolidate and upgrade international railway transportation organizations such as China-Europe trains, promote the development of cross-border road transportation, support the optimization of the global layout of overseas warehouses, accelerate the construction of efficient and smooth diversified international logistics trunk routes, and form a safe and efficient logistics network with internal and external connectivity.
Eight, deepen reform and opening up, enhance the development momentum of domestic demand.
Making full use of the key measure of reform and opening to the outside world at a higher level can provide a powerful impetus for deepening the potential of domestic demand and expanding the final demand. It is necessary to focus on key issues in key areas, strengthen the systematic integration, coordination and efficiency of reform and opening-up measures, improve the institutional arrangements for promoting consumption and expanding investment, and provide a steady stream of motivation and vitality for the development of the domestic market.
(twenty-four) improve the system and mechanism to promote consumption.
Continue to release the service consumption potential. We will implement lenient entry and strict management, and lift access restrictions in service consumption areas that can rely on full market competition to improve supply quality. For the service fields with natural monopoly properties in industries such as electric power and oil and gas, the network and transportation should be separated according to the characteristics of different industries, and the entry threshold for services with relatively full upstream and downstream competition should be relaxed. In accordance with the requirements of separating government affairs, enterprises and management, we will continue to promote the reform of public institutions in the fields of education, science and technology, culture, health and sports.
Strengthen the protection of consumer rights and interests. Establish and improve a new regulatory mechanism that adapts to the development characteristics of new consumption formats and new models. Establish a punitive huge compensation system for counterfeit and shoddy products. We will improve the systems of defective product recall, product injury monitoring and product quality assurance, and improve the diversified consumer rights protection mechanism and dispute resolution mechanism. Strict food and drug supervision to ensure safety. Strengthen price supervision in key commodities and services and maintain market price order.
(twenty-five) to promote the reform of investment and financing system.
Increase support and guidance for private investment. We will unswervingly consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy, unswervingly encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector of the economy, and promote the complementary advantages and common development of the public sector and the non-public sector of the economy. We will improve support policies, give play to the guiding role of government funds, and guide private capital to participate in major projects such as new infrastructure, new urbanization, transportation and water conservancy, and make up for shortcomings. Encourage private enterprises to increase investment in research and development, promote equipment renewal and technological transformation, expand investment in strategic emerging industries, improve their independent innovation capability, and master core technologies with independent intellectual property rights. Encourage and guide non-state-owned capital investors to participate in the restructuring and reorganization of state-owned enterprises through various forms such as shareholding and asset acquisition. Effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of private enterprises and cultivate and maintain a fair and competitive investment environment. Strengthen the service, guidance and standardized management of private enterprises.
Continuously improve the investment management model. We will work together to promote the reform of the investment approval system, standardize and orderly promote innovative experiences in investment approval such as enterprise investment project commitment system, regional evaluation and standard land reform, and strengthen the institutional connection between investment decision-making and planning, land use and environmental assessment. Improve investment laws and regulations and law enforcement mechanisms, and improve the local supporting system. Strengthen post-event supervision of investment projects, especially record-keeping projects. Establish and improve the inter-departmental sharing mechanism of investment approval data, and promote the "one list" of investment approval rights and responsibilities, "integrated sharing" of approval data, and "one network for approval matters".
Improve the financing mechanism of investment projects. Continue to optimize the structure of government investment and increase support for short-board areas. Promote the healthy development of real estate investment trusts in infrastructure in an orderly manner. Revitalize the existing assets in various ways to form a virtuous circle of existing assets and new investment. Standardize and orderly promote the cooperation between government and social capital. Encourage financial institutions to provide more financial products and services that directly reach the real economy in accordance with laws and regulations. Improve the government financing guarantee system. Strengthen the financing function of the capital market to the real economy and increase the proportion of direct financing, especially equity financing. Expand the scale of bond financing and promote the interconnection of bond markets.
(26) Optimize the business environment and stimulate market vitality.
Deepen the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform. We will continue to deepen the reform of the administrative examination and approval system and the commercial system, reduce and optimize the business licensing matters involving enterprises, reform and improve the production licensing system, and simplify the examination and approval procedures for industrial products production licenses. Accelerate the establishment of an all-round, multi-level and three-dimensional supervision system, and realize the supervision of the whole chain and all fields before and after the event. Improve the standardization, standardization and facilitation of enterprise start-up, simplify the ordinary cancellation procedures, and establish and improve the bankruptcy system of enterprises and natural persons. Accelerate the sharing of market data across departments and standardize the public use and release of data of commercial institutions. Improve the business environment evaluation system.
Improve the modern property right system. Strengthen property rights protection and incentives, improve the property rights protection system based on the principle of fairness, improve the judicial protection system for property rights enforcement, and comprehensively and equally protect all kinds of property rights according to law. Strengthen the whole chain protection of intellectual property rights, enhance the ability of intellectual property rights review, and establish and improve mechanisms such as rapid response and punitive damages for intellectual property rights infringement. Strengthen the construction of property rights system in the fields of data, knowledge and environment, and improve the property rights system and laws and regulations of natural resources assets. We will improve the transaction system of state-owned property rights and the system of confirming and protecting rural collective property rights.
Improve the social credit system. Promote the construction of credit rule by law and improve the social credit laws, regulations and policy system. Strengthen the collection, sharing, publicity and application of credit information in accordance with the law and regulations, and establish an integration mechanism for sharing public credit information and financial information. Establish and improve a new supervision mechanism based on credit, strengthen the comprehensive evaluation of enterprise credit status, promote the credit commitment and notification commitment system, and improve the incentive mechanism of trustworthiness and disciplinary mechanism of dishonesty according to laws and regulations. Strengthen the construction of consumer credit system. Strengthen the construction of honesty culture and publicity and education, and create a fair and honest market environment and social environment.
(twenty-seven) to play the role of opening up to the outside world in promoting domestic demand.
Build the "Belt and Road" with high quality. Promote infrastructure interconnection and expand third-party market cooperation. Build a mutually beneficial industrial chain and supply chain cooperation system, deepen international capacity cooperation, expand two-way trade and investment, and improve a diversified investment and financing system. Accelerate the high-quality development of the new land and sea corridor in the west, improve the quality of China-Europe trains, and promote the formulation of international land transport trade rules. Support all localities to deepen and jointly build the "Belt and Road" countries’ exchanges and cooperation.
Continuously improve the level of utilizing foreign capital. Promote investment facilitation, steadily promote institutional opening of rules, regulations, management and standards, improve the management system of national treatment plus negative list before foreign investment access, comprehensively and thoroughly implement national treatment after access, and promote fair competition between domestic and foreign-funded enterprises. Encourage foreign investors to invest in high-end manufacturing, high-tech and modern service industries. Strengthen the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of foreign investment. Promote a better combination of attracting foreign investment and attracting talents, and encourage foreign-funded enterprises to further integrate into China’s innovation system.
Create a high-level, wide-scale and deep-seated open highland. Adhere to the combination of promoting a higher level of opening up and coordinated regional development, and jointly promote the expansion of inland opening up, accelerate the opening up along the border, and upgrade the level of coastal opening up. We will build various platforms and carriers for development and opening up, and accelerate the cultivation of more inland open highlands. Give full play to the pilot demonstration effect of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and other regions, and build an open border cooperation portal for Northeast Asia, Central Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia. Give the free trade pilot zone greater autonomy in reform. We will steadily push forward the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port, and establish the policy and institutional system of free trade port with China characteristics.
Steadily promote multi-bilateral trade cooperation. We will implement the strategy of upgrading the free trade zone, do a good job in the implementation of the regional comprehensive economic partnership agreement after it takes effect, and promote the negotiation and signing of more high-standard free trade agreements and regional trade agreements. Promote the deepening of cooperation between China and neighboring countries and regions in agriculture, energy, service trade, high-tech and other fields. Promote the construction of a new channel for international land and sea trade. Optimize the fiscal and taxation policies to promote the development of foreign trade, and constantly improve the tariff system suited to China’s economic development level.
Expand the import of important commodities and services. Broaden the import channels of high-quality consumer goods, advanced technologies, important equipment, key components and important energy resources. Support the import of technologies, equipment and spare parts needed for domestic industrial transformation and upgrading, and encourage the import of productive services such as R&D and design, energy conservation and environmental protection, and environmental services. Expand the import of high-quality commodities, pharmaceutical products and rehabilitation services closely related to people’s lives. Support the innovative development of border trade. We will continue to run China International Import Expo, China Import and Export Fair, China International Fair for Trade in Services and China International Consumer Goods Expositions, and promote the expansion of import scale, structural optimization and diversification of sources.
Nine, solidly promote common prosperity and cultivate the development potential of domestic demand.
Common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism and an important feature of Chinese modernization. Adhere to the people-centered development idea, promote common prosperity in high-quality development, correctly handle the relationship between efficiency and fairness, improve the income distribution pattern, build basic institutional arrangements for the coordination of primary distribution, redistribution and tertiary distribution, increase the adjustment of taxation, social security and transfer payment, increase the proportion of middle-income groups, increase the income of low-income groups, rationally adjust high income, ban illegal income, promote social fairness and justice, and promote people’s all-round development.
(twenty-eight) continue to optimize the initial distribution pattern.
Improve the quality of employment and increase the labor income of workers. Continue to implement the employment priority strategy, adhere to the employment orientation of economic development, expand employment capacity, improve employment quality and promote full employment. Pay attention to alleviating structural employment contradictions, accelerate the improvement of workers’ skills and quality, develop modern vocational education, and improve the lifelong vocational skills training system. Accelerate the deep integration of the new generation of information technology and manufacturing industry, tap new industries, new formats and new models to drive employment potential, and create more jobs with higher quality and higher income. We will improve the employment public service system and the coordination mechanism of labor relations, and improve the employment support system for key groups. Accelerate the revitalization of rural industries, actively promote the employment of migrant workers, and increase the wage income of rural residents.
Increase the proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution. Adhere to the basic synchronization of residents’ income growth and economic growth, and the improvement of labor remuneration and labor productivity, and increase the labor remuneration of workers, especially front-line workers. Improve the system of enterprise salary survey and information release, improve the mechanism of wage determination, reasonable growth and payment guarantee for workers, and improve the mechanism of minimum wage adjustment. Reform and improve the wage distribution system of public institutions and state-owned enterprises. Actively promote the collective wage negotiation system. Implement a gradual delay in the statutory retirement age.
Improve the distribution mechanism of various production factors. We will build a mechanism for innovative elements such as knowledge, technology and data to participate in income distribution, strengthen the distribution policy oriented to increasing knowledge value, and give play to the role of wage incentive and guarantee. Improve the salary incentive policy for scientific and technological talents in state-owned enterprises. Improve the dividend system of joint-stock enterprises, especially listed companies. Improve the system of stock issuance and information disclosure, and promote the standardized and healthy development of the capital market. Innovate more financial products that meet the needs of family wealth management and increase the investment income of residents. Explore ways to increase the factor income of low-and middle-income groups through the use rights and income rights of land, capital and other factors.
Expand the scale of middle-income groups. Through the construction of demonstration areas, we will explore effective ways to solidly promote common prosperity. We will promote the steady increase of income of graduates from institutions of higher learning and vocational colleges, skilled workers, migrant workers and other groups, cultivate high-quality farmers, improve the support policies for small and micro entrepreneurs, and support groups such as individual industrial and commercial households and flexible employees to get rich through hard work, so that more ordinary workers can enter middle-income groups through their own efforts. Improve the public service system and reasonably reduce the burden on middle-income groups.
(twenty-nine) gradually improve the redistribution mechanism
Increase the adjustment of fiscal and taxation system to income distribution. We will improve the direct tax system, improve the personal income tax system that combines comprehensiveness and classification, and strengthen tax regulation and supervision of high-income earners. We will improve the division of financial powers and expenditure responsibilities between the central and local governments, and promote the equalization of basic public services such as education, pension, medical care and housing security. Improve the transfer payment system, focusing on increasing the transfer payment to areas with relatively backward development level. We will increase capital investment in social and people’s livelihood areas in an orderly manner and optimize the structure of education expenditure.
Improve the social security system. We will promote the full coverage of basic old-age insurance from the system to the legal population, and improve the participation of flexible employees in the social insurance system for employees. Develop enterprise annuities and occupational annuities, and standardize the development of the third pillar endowment insurance. Improve the basic medical insurance system, improve the medical insurance and assistance system for serious and serious diseases, and support the development of commercial health insurance. Realize the national overall planning of basic endowment insurance for enterprise employees, promote the provincial overall planning of basic medical insurance and unemployment insurance, and consolidate and improve the provincial overall planning of industrial injury insurance. Improve the adjustment mechanism of social security benefits. Improve the bottom function of the social assistance system. Improve the social welfare system to help the disabled and orphans. Improve the work system and security system for retired military personnel.
(30) Pay attention to the role of the third distribution.
Develop charity. Establish and improve the system and mechanism of charity development, and standardize the cultivation and development of charitable organizations. Improve the charity reward system, guide and support willing and capable enterprises and social groups to actively participate in charitable causes.
Improve the voluntary service system. Develop social work service institutions and volunteer service organizations, expand the volunteer team, build more volunteer service platforms, and comprehensively improve the level of volunteer service. We will extensively carry out voluntary service and care actions. Explore the establishment of a civilized practice points bank, and incorporate volunteer service activities and civilized behavior into point management to promote the formation of a good social atmosphere for volunteer service.
Ten, improve the ability of security, solid foundation for the development of domestic demand.
We will make safe development run through all fields and the whole process of expanding domestic demand, focus on improving the supply guarantee capacity in the fields of grain, energy and strategic mineral resources, effectively maintain the stability of the supply chain of the industrial chain, continuously improve the ability to respond to unexpected emergencies, and provide strong security for the stable development of the domestic market.
(31) Ensuring food security.
Promote stable grain production and increase production. We will thoroughly implement the strategy of storing grain in the land and storing grain in technology, adhere to the strictest farmland protection system, strictly observe the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land, resolutely curb the "non-agricultural" of cultivated land and strictly control the "non-grain". Promote rational distribution, the main producing areas, the main selling areas and the production and marketing balance areas should ensure the area and output, increase the support of grain production policies, and ensure the absolute safety of rations and the basic self-sufficiency of grains. Implement the strategy of ensuring important agricultural products, realize the basic self-sufficiency of pigs and sufficient supply of other important agricultural and sideline products.
Improve the system of grain production, purchase, storage and marketing. Implement the requirements of the same responsibility of the party and government for food security. Deepen the reform of the purchasing and storage system of important agricultural products such as grain, speed up the cultivation of multi-market buyers and sellers, scientifically determine the scale, structure and layout of grain reserves, and improve the management system and operation mechanism of grain reserves. Strengthen the construction of storage and logistics facilities for important agricultural products such as grain, cotton and sugar. Strengthen the construction of local reserve system and improve the agricultural product reserve system with clear hierarchy and efficient operation. We will further promote the high-quality grain project and accelerate the construction of a modern grain industry system. Continue to advocate grain saving and loss reduction.
Strengthen seed safety. Establish and improve the modern seed industry system, strengthen the protection and utilization of germplasm resources and the construction of seed bank, improve the ability of resource protection, breeding innovation, variety testing and improved seed breeding, and implement major scientific and technological projects of agricultural biological breeding. On the premise of respecting science and strict supervision, the industrialized application of biological breeding will be promoted in an orderly manner.
(thirty-two) to strengthen the security of energy resources.
Enhance domestic production and supply capacity. Promote domestic oil and gas reserves and production, and strengthen land and sea oil and gas development. Promote stable shale gas production and increase shale oil development scale. Guide and encourage social capital to enter the field of oil and gas exploration and production. We will steadily promote coal-to-oil gas and plan to build a strategic base for coal-to-oil gas. In-depth implementation of the strategic action of prospecting breakthrough, investigation and potential evaluation of strategic mineral resources, active prospecting in deep and peripheral areas of existing mines, and extension of mine service life. Continue to promote the intelligent and green construction of mines.
(thirty-three) to enhance the safety and security capabilities of the industrial chain supply chain.
Promote the manufacturing industry to supplement the chain and strengthen the chain. Implement the industrial base reconstruction project, improve the industrial base support system, and strengthen the construction of industrial technology standard system. Consolidate and expand cooperation with neighboring countries’ industrial chain supply chains, and jointly safeguard the stable operation of international industrial chain supply chains. Implement the upgrading project of manufacturing supply chain and build the ecosystem of manufacturing supply chain. Focus on key raw materials, technologies and products in the supply chain of key industries to enhance the flexibility and reliability of the supply chain.
Ensure the safe and stable operation of basic industries related to the national economy and people’s livelihood. Focus on ensuring the safe and stable operation of coal, electricity, oil and gas transportation, strengthen the stable supply of key instruments and equipment, key basic software, large-scale industrial software, industrial application software, industrial control system and important parts, and ensure the safe operation of core systems. Ensure the safety of the industrial chain of residents’ basic necessities, and realize that the basic life of the people is not greatly affected under extreme circumstances.
(thirty-four) to promote emergency management capacity building.
Enhance the emergency response capability of major emergencies. Strengthen the construction of emergency materials and equipment support system, strengthen emergency materials support in public health, disasters and accidents, and improve the five-level emergency materials reserve network at the central, provincial, municipal, county and township levels. We will build a national emergency material reserve, upgrade local emergency material reserves and rescue equipment warehouses, and tilt the central emergency material reserve to the central and western regions and disaster-prone areas. Optimize the regional layout of the production capacity of important emergency materials, implement the production capacity reserve project of emergency products, guide enterprises to actively fulfill their social responsibilities, establish necessary production capacity reserves, build regional emergency materials production guarantee bases, and improve the national emergency resource management platform. Improve the emergency decision-making support system and build an emergency technical equipment research and development laboratory. Accelerate the improvement of emergency logistics delivery and rapid response capabilities and improve the emergency broadcasting system.
Strengthen the construction of emergency rescue forces. Improve the aviation emergency rescue system, and promote the research and development of new intelligent equipment, aviation fire-fighting aircraft, special rescue equipment and special engineering machinery and equipment. Strengthen the construction of comprehensive fire rescue teams, professional rescue teams and social rescue teams, and promote the modernization of rescue teams. Promote the construction of public fire control facilities in urban and rural areas, and promote the transformation of fire control systems in key places. Strengthen life protection in key areas such as dangerous chemicals, mines and road traffic, and improve the ability to prevent and control major risks in production safety.
Promote the capacity building of disaster accident prevention and control. Support the construction of urban and rural disaster prevention infrastructure, and improve the backbone facilities such as flood control and drought relief, earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, wind and tide resistance, forest and grassland fire prevention and control, and earthquake and geological disaster prevention. Improve the ability of urban flood control and drainage, and gradually establish and improve the flood control and drainage system. Optimize the layout of disaster prevention, mitigation and relief facilities in national space, promote the safety and reinforcement of public infrastructure, and accelerate the construction of urban and rural emergency shelter system. Strengthen the ability to support disaster prevention, mitigation and relief, and scientific and technological informatization of production safety, and accelerate the construction of an integrated disaster monitoring and early warning system and emergency communication system. Develop catastrophe insurance.
XI. Implementing safeguards
(35) Strengthen the overall leadership of the Party.
All localities and departments should thoroughly study and implement the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences" and achieve the "two safeguards", constantly improve their political judgment, political understanding and political execution, and constantly improve their political ability, strategic vision and professional level to grasp the new development stage, implement the new development concept and build a new development pattern, and do a good job in implementing major tasks and policies. Fully mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of all parties concerned in implementing the strategy of expanding domestic demand, and provide strong organizational guarantee for realizing the main goals set in the planning outline.
(36) Improve the organization and coordination mechanism.
All relevant departments should strengthen inter-ministerial coordination in implementing the strategy of expanding domestic demand, give play to the role of overall coordination, and promote the implementation of various tasks of expanding domestic demand; Regularly prepare the implementation plan of the strategy of expanding domestic demand, and further refine the major tasks and major policies defined in the practical planning outline. Local governments at all levels should act positively according to local conditions, incorporate the strategy of expanding domestic demand into economic and social development plans, formulate local strategic policies and measures to expand domestic demand in light of actual conditions, compact local strategic responsibilities for expanding domestic demand, innovate the implementation methods of planning outlines, give full play to all aspects, and resolutely put an end to formalism and bureaucracy.
(37) Strengthen policy coordination.
Improve macroeconomic governance, constantly innovate and improve macroeconomic regulation and control, and strengthen the overall support of macroeconomic policies for the implementation of the strategy of expanding domestic demand. Give full play to the guiding role of the planning outline, strengthen the coordination of fiscal, monetary, employment, industry, investment, consumption, environmental protection and regional policies, and promote the formation of policy synergy to expand domestic demand. Closely track and analyze the implementation of policies and changes in domestic demand situation, strengthen the expansion of domestic demand policy research reserves, improve policy formulation and implementation mechanisms, strengthen policy effectiveness evaluation, and ensure the smooth realization of strategic objectives.
(thirty-eight) to increase publicity and guidance.
All relevant departments in various regions should strengthen the publicity and guidance of the strategy of expanding domestic demand, comprehensively use various media, and deeply interpret the new measures and requirements of the strategy of expanding domestic demand in a form that is popular with the public, so as to further create a strong social atmosphere. Summarize the effectiveness of the implementation of the planning outline in time, fully tap the successful cases of expanding domestic demand in various regions and different industries and enterprises, and timely summarize and popularize good experiences and practices through various forms.
