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How can radioactive nuclear waste discharged from nuclear power plants be safely recycled?

Spent fuel pool for storing spent fuel.

In a thermal power plant, a pile of coal is burned, leaving cinders. In nuclear power plants, spent fuel is discharged after slow fission reaction of nuclear fuel.

Just like a thermal power plant needs to keep adding coal, when the nuclear fuel cannot maintain a certain power, it needs to be replaced. This kind of nuclear fuel discharged from the reactor is called spent fuel. But "lack" does not mean that it is useless. Unlike the cinder left after burning coal, there are still a lot of treasures in the spent fuel. By extracting up to 96% of unburned uranium and newly generated nuclear fuel, the fuel elements needed for power generation in nuclear power plants can be rebuilt.

For China, which is about to usher in the rapid growth of nuclear power, this way of recycling uranium resources will largely solve the thirst for "nuclear fuel". According to the estimation of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), China has 1.2-1.7 million tons of potential uranium resources, and the proven reserves of uranium resources are about 170,000 tons. With the increase of nuclear power units, China’s demand for uranium resources is increasing. Statistics from the Geology and Minerals Division of CNNC show that by 2020, China is expected to have a shortage of natural uranium of up to 2,600 tons, and by 2030, this figure will climb to 10,900 tons. For the whole world, natural uranium is also in short supply.

Spent fuel reprocessing is an extremely critical link in the nuclear fuel cycle, whether from the perspective of improving the utilization rate of uranium resources, ensuring the long-term development of nuclear energy or reducing nuclear waste. However, in the face of huge demand for nuclear energy development, China’s reprocessing capacity is in urgent need of upgrading.

Extracting "Uranium" from Spent Fuel

According to the different radioactivity, nuclear waste is divided into high-level radioactive waste and medium-low radioactive waste. Among them, the spent fuel is highly radioactive, and the work clothes, gloves, abandoned and retired instruments and equipment used in nuclear power plants belong to low-level radioactive waste.

China has developed mature disposal technology for low-level radioactive waste. Both solid nuclear waste and liquid nuclear waste are solidified first, and then put into a 200-liter stainless steel barrel and placed in a near-surface repository. At present, China has built two low-level radioactive waste disposal sites: the northwest disposal site in Yumen, Gansu Province and the south China disposal site in Beilong, Guangdong Province.

The disposal of high-level radioactive waste is a worldwide problem.

A million-kilowatt thermal power plant burns about 3.3 million tons of coal every year, but a nuclear power plant with the same capacity only uses 30 tons of nuclear fuel a year, and its weight does not change much after it becomes spent fuel. Take the million-kilowatt PWR nuclear power plant as an example, which produces 25-30 tons of spent nuclear fuel every year.

Many radioactive elements in spent fuel have a half-life of tens of thousands of years, ranging from about 2.1 million years to nearly 500 years. Spent fuel will be temporarily stored in the special boron pool of the nuclear power plant before being sent to the repository.

At present, there are two ways of spent fuel in the world: one is the "one-pass" open nuclear fuel cycle represented by the United States, and the spent fuel is sent to deep geological strata for disposal or long-term storage as waste after cooling and packaging; In the closed cycle adopted by Britain, France and other countries, spent fuel is stored in the spent fuel pool of nuclear power plants for 5-8 years and then transported to the reprocessing plant for reprocessing. In the post-treatment, the spent fuel is cut into small pieces, dissolved in acid, and useful uranium and plutonium are extracted and reused as fuel. The remaining waste liquid is given to a glass curing plant for curing, then put into a special waste tank and transported to a permanent disposal site for storage.

Schematic diagram of nuclear fuel cycle. In addition to countries that firmly take the road of one-pass and closed cycle, some countries choose to temporarily store spent fuel first.

Generally speaking, the utilization rate of uranium resources in PWR nuclear power plant is only about 0.6%. If the spent fuel is post-treated and the "squeezed" uranium is recycled once in pressurized water, natural uranium can be saved by 25%. If this cycle is repeated many times, the utilization rate of uranium resources can reach 1%;

If plutonium obtained from reprocessing and depleted uranium left after uranium enrichment are made into fast reactor fuel, the utilization rate of uranium resources can reach 60% to 70%.

Gu Zhongmao, former deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Chinese Academy of Atomic Energy, wrote in 2011 that even according to the estimated amount of spent fuel discharged from nuclear power plants around the world at that time (about 10,000 tons/year), the "one-pass" circulation mode requires the world to build a geological repository with the scale equivalent to the Yucca Mountain Library in the United States (with a design capacity of 70,000 tons) every 6-7 years. As long as the installed capacity of nuclear power in the world doubles, it is necessary to build a geological repository every 3-4 years, which is obviously an unbearable burden.

Moreover, the spent fuel contains all radioactive nuclide heat sources, and the disposal space required for waste per unit volume is large.

In contrast, if the spent fuel produced by the million kilowatt pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant is 30 tons per year, its high-level radioactive waste can be concentrated in the glass body, and the radioactivity level will be greatly reduced, and the more "stubborn" long-lived radionuclides will be reduced.

The weakest link

For the construction of reprocessing, a Japanese expert once made such an analogy: Now many countries are building nuclear power plants, just like eating. Everyone is eating the best part now, but they don’t pay enough attention to the reprocessing of spent fuel. If this development continues, nuclear power will not be sustainable.

For China, where the scale of nuclear power construction in the world ranks first in the world, the decoupling between nuclear power plant construction and reprocessing development is particularly prominent. Up to now, there are 26 nuclear power units under construction in China, and 25 nuclear power units have been put into commercial operation, with a total installed capacity of 23.57GW (rated installed capacity, 1GW=1000MW, 1MW=1000KW, 1KW=1000W), and it has a blueprint for nuclear power development with an installed capacity of 58GW and a capacity under construction of more than 30GW in 2020.

With the construction and operation of nuclear power units, the production and accumulation of spent fuel will increase year by year. Relevant statistics show that by 2015, the total amount of spent fuel produced in China will reach 3,500 tons, and by 2020 it will reach about 10,000 tons.

At present, a large-scale commercial spent fuel reprocessing plant has not been built in China, and the first and only pilot plant for spent fuel reprocessing of power reactors in China was built in CNNC 404 plant in Gansu, and the annual processing capacity of the pilot project is far from meeting the needs of spent nuclear fuel reprocessing in China. Spent fuel reprocessing/recycling has become the weakest link in China’s nuclear fuel cycle.

France is a pioneer in the back-end industry of nuclear fuel cycle, with the largest, most mature and advanced commercial spent fuel reprocessing and recycling industry in the world, with an annual processing capacity of 1,600 tons, which not only meets domestic demand, but also provides services to Japan, Spain, Sweden and other countries.

Although the United States stopped commercial reprocessing activities for reasons of nuclear non-proliferation, it never stopped the research and development of reprocessing technology.

India started the research on reprocessing technology in 1950s, and it is the fourth country to run a commercial reprocessing plant after Britain, France and Russia, and its thorium fuel closed cycle route and fast reactor spent fuel reprocessing technology are at a relatively advanced level.

The urgency of building a large commercial reprocessing plant in China is not only due to huge practical needs, but also due to the three-step development strategy of "PWR-Fast Reactor-Fusion Reactor" in China’s nuclear power development in the long run. The fuel used in the fast reactor must be extracted from the spent fuel of PWR first. Without the reprocessing plant, the fast reactor will become an "island" and its operation will face the embarrassment of "cooking without rice". The design and construction of a large reprocessing plant is a complex system engineering with great difficulty, which spans 15 years or even longer.

"In the fast reactor nuclear energy system, the fast reactor is like a heart and the nuclear fuel cycle is like an artery." Gu Zhongmao, former deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Chinese Academy of Atomic Energy, once said, "If the post-processing capacity does not go up, then the scale of fast reactors will not go up."

walking on two legs

Under the urgent situation, China’s independent development and the introduction of foreign advanced reprocessing plant technology are advancing simultaneously.

The above-mentioned CNN404 reprocessing pilot plant was successfully commissioned on December 21st, 2010, which indicates that China has mastered the reprocessing technology of spent fuel in power reactors.

Therefore, the significance of this pilot plant lies in: opening up the technological process of post-treatment of nuclear power plants; Inspect and verify the reliability and safety of equipment, instruments and meters; Accumulate design experience, operation experience and construction experience for future reprocessing plants with larger commercial scale.

In a sense, the successful hot commissioning of CNNC 404 Pilot Plant has also improved China’s bargaining power when introducing foreign post-processing technology and increased its bargaining chip.

In a reporter’s question-and-answer session in May last year, Wang Yiren, deputy director of the Bureau of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense and deputy director of the National Atomic Energy Agency, clearly defined the path of China’s spent fuel reprocessing capacity: First, continue to improve the supporting facilities for the pilot plant, build the pilot plant into a comprehensive scientific research experimental platform, form a continuous processing capacity, and initially open up the road of closed cycle of nuclear fuel. Second, on the basis of the pilot post-treatment plant, carry out scientific research, optimize the main process, enlarge the key equipment, have the ability to independently design, build and operate the demonstration plant of spent fuel post-treatment, and rely on independent technology to build an industrial-scale post-treatment project. Third, actively carry out international cooperation, adhere to the principle of focusing on ourselves, and cooperate with China and foreign countries to build a large-scale post-treatment factory.

The key words are: independent development, Sino-foreign cooperation and walking on two legs.

In the "Longteng 2020" scientific and technological innovation plan released by CNNC at the end of 2012, a 200-ton large-scale commercial spent fuel reprocessing demonstration project with independent intellectual property rights was included in the first batch of eight scientific and technological innovation demonstration projects.

In 2013, CNNC signed a letter of intent for cooperation with Areva Group, a leading enterprise in the back end of the nuclear fuel cycle in the world, for a large-scale commercial reprocessing-recycling plant project, which will be built by adopting international advanced reprocessing recycling technology. After being put into operation in 2030, it has an annual reprocessing capacity of 800 tons of spent fuel.

At the end of June this year, witnessed by the Chinese and French prime ministers, Qian Zhimin, general manager of CNNC, and Philippe Knoche, CEO of Areva Group, signed the Memorandum of Understanding between China National Nuclear Corporation and Areva Group on the Road Map for Commercial Negotiation of Post-treatment/Recycling Plant Project Contract in Paris.

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Decoding the Magic Capital | "Striving for a Jump", Why Did It Become a Hot Word in the Plenary Session of Shanghai Municipal Committee?

  Xinhua News Agency, Shanghai, December 19th (Reporter Jiang Wei, He Xinrong, Guo Jingdan) At the end of the year, it is the time to grasp the closing ceremony and make a start. The 4th plenary session of the 12th the Communist Party of China (CPC) Shanghai Committee was held at the Expo Center on the 18th. The plenary session deliberated and adopted the Decision of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China on thoroughly studying and implementing the spirit of the important speech of the Supreme Leader General Secretary to accelerate the construction of a socialist modern international metropolis with world influence, summed up the work in 2023 and deployed the tasks in 2024.

The fourth plenary session of the 12th Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) was held. Chen Zhengbao photo

  To undertake the national strategy, cadres need to know how to bear heavy burdens. "Firm your confidence and strive to jump" — — When talking about next year’s work, Chen Jining, secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee, mentioned these eight words, which made the spirit of the delegates more exciting.

  As the largest city in China, Shanghai plays a very important role in the overall work of the party and the state. How to refine the grand blueprint of the general secretary’s painting when he visited Shanghai into "construction drawing" and transform it into "real painting"? The gesture of "struggling to jump" not only reflects Shanghai’s hard work of "grasping to the end", but also shows Shanghai’s "consistent" responsibility.

  Build "five centers" and aim at a word "fast"

  In the trading hall of Shanghai Futures Exchange, a number of futures delivery exhibits are displayed in turn. In recent years, the "Shanghai Price" represented by "Shanghai Copper", "Shanghai Rubber" and "Shanghai Oil" has continuously released its international influence and injected new kinetic energy into the construction of Shanghai International Financial Center.

On August 18th, the listing ceremony of shipping index futures was held in Shanghai Futures Exchange. Xinhua News Agency reporter Fang Yushe

  How can Shanghai speed up the construction of a socialist modern international metropolis with world influence and give full play to its leading role in promoting Chinese modernization? The construction of "five centers" is the crowning touch.

  The economic center should enhance its international status and influence on global economic governance, the financial center should enhance its internationalization level, the trade center should upgrade its quality, the shipping center should enhance its global allocation capacity of shipping resources, and the science and technology innovation center should enhance its function of strategic source of scientific and technological innovation — — For each "center" construction, the central government has put forward new target requirements.

  Changning is a highland of digital economy. Pinduoduo, a new e-commerce platform headquartered in Changning, has grown rapidly in recent years, with a market value of nearly $200 billion, ranking first in China Stock Exchange. Around the construction of an international trade center and an international consumption center city, Changning is still planning new industrial upgrading. "We must promote the consumer Internet platform to launch new markets such as cross-border e-commerce and live e-commerce, and at the same time accelerate the development of industrial Internet and support the head enterprises in vertical segmentation." Zhang Wei, secretary of Changning District Party Committee, said.

  Minhang is a science and technology innovation area and a strong industrial area in Shanghai. "Focusing on the construction of an international science and technology innovation center, Minhang will continue to do a good job in innovation next year." Chen Yujian, member of the Party Group of Shanghai Municipal Government and secretary of Minhang District Committee, cited a series of figures: the district has key universities such as Shanghai Jiaotong University and East China Normal University, about 400 research institutions in the field of aerospace ships, as well as nearly 4,000 high-tech enterprises and regional headquarters and R&D centers of more than 150 multinational companies, and R&D investment accounts for nearly 10% of GDP. "Minhang has a very perfect system of science and technology and talents, and we are confident to build science, technology, science and technology ‘ City of Three Subjects ’ Covering the whole process from the source of innovation to industrialization. "

  In recent years, the growth rate of many economic indicators in Putuo ranks in the forefront of the city. Jiang Dongdong, secretary of the Putuo District Party Committee, said frankly that this year, he felt unprecedented pressure. On the one hand, the external environment was complicated, on the other hand, his base kept growing. "Relying on carefully cultivated intelligent software, technology and finance and other emerging industries, Putuo will go all out to fight for the economy next year, not less than the city’s growth rate, and strive to jump as high as possible."

  Time waits for no one, seize the day — — Around speeding up the construction of the "five centers", there is a hot smell inside and outside the venue. Chen Jining said that Shanghai should take the construction of an international economic, financial, trade, shipping and scientific and technological innovation center as an important mission, serve the national strategic needs, accelerate the internationalization level, promote the coordinated development of the "five centers", and continuously enhance the city’s energy level and core competitiveness.

  Promote reform and opening up and anchor a word "high"

  "Mardner Speed" was mentioned many times in the plenary session of Shanghai Municipal Committee. Mardner, an American biomedical giant, visited China in April this year, signed a strategic cooperation agreement with the Shanghai Economic and Information Commission and Minhang District Government in July, and delisted the land and signed a land transfer contract in October. At present, the project is under intense construction, with a total investment of 3.6 billion yuan, making it the largest benchmark foreign investment project in the biomedical field in China.

  From "Tesla Speed" to "Mardner Speed", Shanghai’s constantly optimized business environment and strong consciousness of promoting high-level reform and opening up are behind it. Before Mardner’s senior executives visited China, Minhang established a "special class" working mechanism around the Mardner project, with the district party secretary and district head as the double team leader. In order to reduce the influence of time difference, the staff are on standby 24 hours a day in shifts. By sorting out the negative list of projects, product access approval, planning and environmental protection and other issues one by one, it will lay a solid foundation for Mardner’s investment decision-making and subsequent landing.

  As the forefront of reform and opening up and an international metropolis with deep links to the whole world, Shanghai has always been characterized by pioneering reform and leading opening up. The plenary session of the Shanghai Municipal Committee proposed that reform and opening up should be the source of power, focusing on key breakthroughs, rule benchmarking, system integration, and risk prevention and control to fully stimulate the strong driving force for high-quality development.

  At the plenary session, the speech of a member of the Shanghai Municipal Committee resonated with everyone: "A lot of work in Shanghai, including reform and opening up, should not be satisfied with reaching the national standard, nor should it be compared with the past, but should be compared with the highest standards and best levels in the world, so as to live up to the great trust of the central authorities."

Shanghai Yangshan Port. Xinhua News Agency reporter Fang Yushe

  "Pudong should be born of reform and opening up and flourish because of reform and opening up. We must unswervingly eat reform meals, take the open road, and play innovative cards. " Wu Jincheng, deputy secretary-general of Shanghai Municipal Government and acting head of Pudong New Area, said that Pudong, as a key area of reform and opening-up, should continue to be a good ballast and growth pole, deepen the pilot project of leading area construction and comprehensive reform, and strive to be a high-level experimental field of reform and opening-up.

  China Electrical Equipment Group, a central enterprise, has settled in Jing ‘an for more than two years, and its operating income has increased from 60 billion yuan at the beginning to 100 billion yuan today. "Shanghai is our blessed land." Bai Zhongquan, Chairman of China Electrical Equipment Group, said with emotion that Shanghai’s continuously optimized business environment, open and inclusive urban character and highly concentrated science and technology talents have all provided important assistance to the growth of this new central enterprise. "We have decided to build a State Key Laboratory of UHV in Shanghai, which will resonate at the same frequency as Shanghai International Science and Technology Innovation Center."

  How effective is the high-level reform and opening up? Business entities "vote" with their feet. Gong Zheng, Mayor of Shanghai, said that under the complicated external environment, Shanghai is still one of the most preferred destinations for foreign investment and one of the first choices for the new round of global multinational companies’ industrial chain supply chain relocation. Statistics show that from January to October this year, the actual amount of foreign capital used in Shanghai was 20.77 billion US dollars, still maintaining a positive growth year-on-year.

  Promote the construction of an international cultural metropolis and highlight the word "deep"

  Cultural self-confidence is the most basic, deepest and lasting force. The plenary session of Shanghai Municipal Committee proposed that cultural context should be taken as the spiritual pillar, the construction of an international cultural metropolis should be further promoted, red culture should be highlighted, cultural subjectivity should be adhered to, cultural influence and attraction should be enhanced, and cultural soft power should be accelerated.

The site of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China in Shanghai. Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Ying photo

  Shanghai is the birthplace of the Party. Highlighting the red culture is an important prerequisite for Shanghai-style culture to be eclectic, inclusive and creative transformation of Jiangnan culture.

  From the Fourth Memorial Hall of the Communist Party of China to the Memorial Hall of the Left Alliance, Hongkou launched the "Red Tour" punch line; Putuo takes the creation of a national civilized city as the starting point and continues to polish cultural brands such as "semi-Masuhe"; Jing ‘an implemented three major actions of "Red Site Protection, Red Gene Inheritance and Red Brand Building" to launch a red cultural brand; Huangpu gathers more than 140 red ruins and memorial facilities to build a "red open-air museum" … … All districts in Shanghai have taken active actions to make the background of red culture shine brighter.

  We will implement the Shanghai Civilization Sourcing Plan and the "Grand Museum Plan", build the No.2 Ancient Ship Museum and Industrial Museum in the Yangtze River Estuary, and launch more "Shanghai Original" literary works … … Rooted in the profound Chinese excellent traditional culture, Shanghai insists on creative transformation and innovative development, actively explores more creative "opening ways" of traditional history and culture, and promotes cultural heritage to further "live" and "fire".

  To build Shanghai into an international consumption center city and enhance its influence and competitiveness in the global urban system, it is even more necessary to launch cultural brands and enhance cultural soft power. "As one of the Troika, consumption is making greater contribution to GDP. Nowadays, there is a trend of consumption without experience or scene, which requires the support of culture and forms ‘ Business Travel Exhibition ’ Deep integration. " Fang Shizhong, director of Shanghai Culture and Tourism Bureau, observed.

  Fang Shizhong said that Shanghai should continue to build international festivals and exhibitions, such as Shanghai International Film Festival, Shanghai International Art Festival, etc., and form an international festival and exhibition matrix, and use culture to empower consumption upgrading.

  Ye Yongming, chairman of Bailian Group, echoed this, saying that citizens’ consumption is changing from commodity consumption to service consumption. In terms of the transformation of key business districts, he hopes to further tilt the cultural resources with Shanghai characteristics, undertake the integration of culture, art, fashion and technology in business districts, and accelerate the creation of commercial landmarks with global influence.

  Practice the concept of people’s city and highlight the word "fine"

  We should take development for the people as the fundamental goal, deeply practice the concept of people’s city, focus on urban governance, public services, livable housing, grassroots democracy, environmental improvement, etc., grasp the overall pattern, and draw a good "meticulous painting" — — Around the construction of people’s cities, the Shanghai Municipal Committee made the latest deployment.

  Shanghai is the first place to mention the important concept of people’s city. The "Decision" makes it clear that it will not only continue to promote the transformation of old districts, innovate the urban renewal model, solve the housing problem of local residents accumulated for a long time in urban development, but also pay attention to caring for new citizens, young people and front-line migrant workers in Shanghai and build a multi-level rental housing supply system of "one bed, one room and one suite".

Minhang District, the new era of urban builders and managers’ home has all kinds of internal facilities. Xinhua news agency photo

  The "Home of New Age Urban Builders and Managers" prepared by various districts in Shanghai has warmed many foreigners. According to Huang Hong, Party Secretary of Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions, many young people come to Shanghai from all corners of the country and are willing to create happiness through their own labor, which is not only to realize their own value, but also to provide necessary services for the city. Efforts to meet the diversified housing needs of all kinds of people highlight the temperature of Shanghai.

  From the popular community canteen to the night school sought after by young people, from the "15-minute community life circle" to the "one river and one river", Shanghai insists on focusing on the festival and starting from the key points to improve people’s livelihood and do a good job. Xuhui is the central city of Shanghai, which has both a vigorous riverside science and technology belt and a historical and scenic area with a Shanghai style. Cao Liqiang, secretary of Xuhui District Party Committee, said that to draw meticulous painting, we should adhere to planning guidance and problem orientation, and put projects in various fields such as transportation, industry, science and technology innovation and people’s livelihood on one picture, integrating linkage and system integration.

  In Jing ‘an District, where there are many high-rise buildings and prosperous commerce and trade, people’s livelihood concerns such as "old, old, small and difficult" are the focus of the work of the district party committee and government. Wang Hua, the head of Jing ‘an District, took the "two old" renovation (sporadic old renovation and complete renovation of old houses) as an example, saying that this work will continue to advance, and strive to complete the renovation goals set by the municipal party committee and municipal government ahead of schedule, so that urban renewal can benefit more residents.

  The central government proposes to build a community of urban governance in which everyone participates, everyone is responsible, everyone contributes and everyone shares, which points out the direction for the governance of megacities. Jiading District takes "My Home Neighborhood Center" as the carrier, and explores the effective embedding of grass-roots party building, timely and convenient government services, participation of neighborhood units in co-governance and orderly sharing of residents, so as to build a grass-roots governance system at home. "The whole region plans to build 66, and at present 53 neighborhood centers with their own characteristics and charm have been built, which has become a new business card for Jiading’s social governance innovation." Gao Xiang, head of Jiading District, said.

  All work needs to strengthen the execution of "grasping it to the end". Focusing on the direction indicated by the central authorities, the whole city of Shanghai will be a "construction captain" to promote the spirit of the important speech of the General Secretary to take root and blossom on both sides of Pujiang.

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Shang Xiaodong, a researcher involved in the ocean: Only by mastering the initiative of scientific and technological innovation will you have the right to speak.

  ■ Approaching model veterans

  Standing on the deck, looking at the vast sea, Shang Xiaodong often feels the smallness of human beings and has a long way to go. He used to be a heroic and vigorous teacher of the Armed Police Force. He served for 26 years and trained a large number of military talents for the army. After retiring for more than 10 years, he grew up to be a physical oceanographer with great love. As a second-class researcher in south china sea institute of oceanology, he trudged on the road of accelerating the construction of a maritime power for ten years.

  Whether he is in a youthful army or marching on a challenging scientific research road, he sticks to his ordinary and great post, and works hard and diligently. A few days ago, Shang Xiaodong was rated as a national model veteran. "Defending the country is the first duty of a soldier. Although he has retired, the blood of a soldier still flows in his veins, but the form of serving the motherland is different. It is my ideal and my responsibility to explore the mysteries of the ocean and help build a maritime power. " Shang Xiaodong said.

  Step into the army and concentrate on teaching

  In 1977, the college entrance examination was resumed, and a classmate of Shang Xiaodong was admitted to the university. "In high school, my grades were better than his. He went to college. Why can’t I?" Shang Xiaodong, who was working as an apprentice in the workshop at that time, once again ignited the infinite desire for knowledge. In 1979, 17-year-old Shang Xiaodong was admitted to Taiyuan University of Technology (formerly Taiyuan Institute of Technology) to study in the Department of Applied Physics.

  In 1983, after graduating from university, Shang Xiaodong was assigned to the Command College of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force (formerly the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force School) as a teacher. When he reported for duty, the receptionist told him, "Step through this gate and you will be enlisted." Shang Xiaodong was stunned and felt a little surprised: "I thought it was impossible to be a soldier in my life, but I didn’t expect to realize my military dream one day."

  Every day before dawn, Shang Xiaodong went out to exercise and practiced basic training for more than three months, quick march, marching forward and saluting … … He began to be strict with himself by the standards of a soldier. The newly established Armed Police Command College is in a difficult situation, with rain and cement roads, sunny days and grey roads, and insufficient teachers. It has to teach three or four hundred students in one class. "At that time, there was no microphone. If the students in the last row heard it, they had to shout. After a few classes, my voice became hoarse. "

  "At that time, everyone gathered from all directions, cherished valuable learning opportunities, and were enthusiastic about contacting new knowledge, hungry and racing against time." Due to poor conditions, Shang Xiaodong’s office is home. During the day, he works here, and at night, it becomes his dormitory. "Some students have learned to forget all about eating and sleeping. They knock on the office door at one or two in the evening and ask me questions." Recalling the scene at that time, Shang Xiaodong still remembers it. "The spirit of studying hard is very touching."

  Shang Xiaodong’s students come from various units, all of whom are selected cadres at the battalion and regiment levels, and some of them later became generals. Facing the students who are ten or twenty years older than himself, he feels very happy to teach. "The troops are highly disciplined, and students will not be naughty in class. When attending classes, their waists are straight." In his view, although he is a teacher, he has also learned a lot from these students.

  "These students are not afraid of hardship. They are excellent in both study and training. They have the character of perseverance and tenacious struggle. It is worth learning from them." Shang Xiaodong believes that the word "teacher" is just a title. "I will learn from you if you are better than me, and everyone is a teacher."

  Besides teaching, Shang Xiaodong is also thinking about what he can do. At that time, when the troops were conducting field training, the stretcher for carrying the wounded was very heavy, and he thought about making some improvements on the stretcher. As soon as he started, he cooperated with universities and spent a year or two developing a collapsible stretcher. "Since then, a seed for scientific research has sprouted in my heart."

  Concentrate on scientific research to fill the gap

  After several years as a teacher, Shang Xiaodong felt that his knowledge was not enough. "Colleagues around you start to have masters, and their knowledge is updated faster and faster. That sense of urgency will continue to drive you forward."

  In 1994, Shang Xiaodong gave up his stable job as a teacher and was admitted to the Department of Mechanics of Tianjin University to study for a master’s degree. "In the past, my students were in their thirties. They studied hard and seriously. Now I am a student in my thirties. As a soldier, I can’t fall behind." Shang Xiaodong said with a smile that the students are all fresh graduates in their early 20 s. Although they may not be as good as them when they first went, they know how to cherish and suffer more when they are older.

  Shang Xiaodong devoted himself to scientific research. In order to complete an experiment, he spent a week in the laboratory every night; In order to ensure the truthfulness and accuracy of the experimental data, he bought his own parts and made his own experimental equipment. "If you are interested in this line, you will stick to it if you encounter difficulties." Shang Xiaodong said.

  Choice determines the direction and path of life. Shang Xiaodong studied for a doctorate and a postdoctoral degree in Hong Kong and the United States. In 2005, after completing his postdoctoral research in the United States, he gave up other options with extremely generous treatment and resolutely returned to China and entered south china sea institute of oceanology.

  "No matter how well it is done abroad, it is also someone else’s. I just want to come back and do something for my country. " This is a straightforward expression of his feelings about his home country, and it is also his real personal practice. He chose the field of marine science and technology, where his scientific research strength was still weak at that time, and was determined to dedicate what he had learned to the cause of a maritime power.

  For a long time, marine observation instruments have been monopolized by foreign countries, which has become a barrier to China’s marine research. Shang Xiaodong has a deep understanding of this point, which also urges him to gnaw hard bones and take the road of independent research and development of marine observation instruments.

  When Shang Xiaodong’s team didn’t develop the "fast temperature sensor for ocean detection", the price of selling it to China abroad was 35,000. I heard that Shang Xiaodong was developing it with his team, and the price was reduced to 25,000 abroad. Shang Xiaodong asked if the price could be reduced to 15,000. The other party clearly replied: "If you sell it at this price, you won’t make money yourself."

  After hard exploration, Shang Xiaodong and his team developed the "Fast Temperature Sensor for Ocean Detection" with the fastest response time in the world, with a response time of 7 milliseconds, which filled the domestic gap and broke the blockade of high-tech products that had been monopolized by foreign countries for a long time. "If the China market needs this kind of sensor in the future, just buy it from Professor Shang. We can’t make such a sensor with high quality and low price." Foreign sellers said.

  Shang Xiaodong knows that innovation is the soul of scientific research. Over the years, with the vision of promoting the construction of a maritime power, he has made a series of achievements in scientific research. He proved the law of heat transport in large-scale circulation driven by buoyancy based on the theory of "turbulent mixing length" by experiments, and clarified the debate in academic circles for more than 40 years. He first estimated the transport, generation and dissipation of mesoscale vortex energy in the global ocean, which has a far-reaching impact on the study of marine material energy transport and global climate change. He developed sensors for the country’s weapon "Haiyi" water glider, which made it "alert and clear" and could accurately detect the observation data of marine environment.

  In addition, as one of the leaders, he built China’s first deep-sea multidisciplinary observation system — — Xisha observation network, and made important scientific discoveries, was named the top ten scientific and technological progress of China Ocean in 2015. "Only by mastering the initiative of scientific and technological innovation will we have the right to speak." In this regard, Shang Xiaodong is deeply touched.

  Leading the scientific research, meticulous.

  In 2010, the scientific research ship "Experiment 3", funded by the National Natural Science Foundation and organized and implemented by the South China Sea Institute of Oceanography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, carried more than 50 scientific researchers to carry out the 2010 multi-disciplinary comprehensive voyage investigation mission in the South China Sea. This is the "maiden voyage" of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Shang Xiaodong, as the chief scientist, carried out this scientific investigation.

  Sailing in the vast sea, there is no signal on the mobile phone, and the shortage of daily necessities is inevitable. "The sea was stormy and the weather was good and bad. One morning, the chef made a bowl of porridge, and the whole pot of porridge was buckled on the deck without waiting for dinner." Shang Xiaodong said that after sailing at sea for a week, there are no fresh vegetables, so you can only eat some ingredients that can be stored for a long time. However, for these expedition members, the curiosity of exploring the deep blue sea is enough to comfort the hard life at sea.

  After more than 30 days, the maiden voyage was a complete success. "At that time, everyone was very excited. We reached 8 degrees north latitude as far as possible and obtained a lot of valuable scientific data. In the past, we often went to 18 degrees north latitude and had to return because of financial constraints." Shang Xiaodong said.

  Since then, Shang Xiaodong has been the chief scientist for many times and led a team to the sea for scientific research. Before each departure, he will conduct a one-day safety training, telling the team members that everything on board should be careful, and the collected data should be checked repeatedly according to the operating specifications, and the scientific investigation should not be vague.

  For scientific research, he is meticulous, often busy until one or two in the middle of the night to get off work; He treats students seriously and responsibly. As long as students have research problems, they can call him 24 hours a day. "Mr. Shang likes to try new things and can blend in with young people. He is always full of energy and infects us." Chi Xu is a doctoral student of Shang Xiaodong. Talking about the tutor, he said: "At the end of a busy day at sea, students will get together to play games and teachers will join in. Teachers know that scientific research tasks should not only ensure everyone’s personal safety, but also take care of students’ emotions. "

  Someone said with a smile that Shang Xiaodong was born in this line of work, and no matter what boat he took, he would never get seasick. But he was glad that he had chosen the ocean. "In the face of the vast sea, human beings are really just a drop in the ocean. We must fear nature and explore the mysteries of the ocean without end."

  Nanfang Daily reporter Wang Xiangbo

  Intern Wang Yaolong

  Coordinator: Li Qiang

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AI technology is forming a parallel universe outside our reality.

Original dr. xibi x

Recently, I visited the little red book and accidentally brushed a video.

NBA star Kobe Bryant, wearing a monk’s robe, is religiously burning incense in a place similar to a temple. The picture is filled with smoke, and Kobe’s face is solemn, as if making a promise.

Kobe Bryant, who once threw back his jumper on the court and killed the quartet, now put down Spalding’s basketball and the feud of NBA, picked up a broom, walked through the candlestick, and cleaned up his troubles.

Little Red Book MJ: limonq

Faced with this situation, some netizens wondered, didn’t Kobe die in a plane crash on January 26, 2020? Did he fake his death, but in fact he was tired of the bustling life in Los Angeles and fled into an empty net?

If you look at the above pictures carefully, you can see a sense of alienation that does not belong to reality.

For example, Kobe swept the floor, and the proportion of the soles of his feet was extremely strange, even sweeping out six toes.

Holding the broom in his right hand is also like the first time that aliens who have taken away the earth have used non-planetary scientific and technological items.

Little Red Book MJ: limonq

Yes, the above pictures are from Midjourney, an artificial intelligence program that uses natural language to describe and generate images.

As long as I send a command to the intelligent robot on its designated webpage, for example, I enter "Greek philosopher Plato, programming on the computer, and the space presents a sense of science and technology", the robot will generate a picture for me of Plato sitting in a marble chair and playing a notebook similar to a MacBook.

Or if I type "Bronze, Mecha Core, Anime Female Character, Super Realistic Style", it will generate a comic protagonist for me.

Although it is a little rough, it takes only a few tens of seconds from the input of instructions to the drawing, and it can choose a picture to continue to optimize until the user is satisfied with the image.

This program is still evolving rapidly, because it has the learning ability of AI in the new era, and can recognize and learn the images uploaded by users for making pictures.

For example, I uploaded a classic photo of Keanu Reeves, adding China’s photography style in the 1990s, as well as elements such as farms and shepherds.

Midjourney gave me feedback on a rural version of Keanu Reeves in China.

Upload a classic photo of Jordan holding the ball and add keywords such as "highlighting muscle lines and dunking".

I got a Jordan makeup photo with a muscle explosion and fierce eyes.

And this means that Midjourney has the ability to link with reality.

Anything we can see in our daily life can become a part of virtual image capture. The moment you yawn on the subway, the moment you are in a daze at the station, and the moment you laugh and laugh in the restaurant can all be transformed into elements of an image, which can be recognized, understood and learned.

For example, a young man entered the voice and pictures of his deceased grandmother and "resurrected" an AI version of his grandmother. He repeatedly told the young man’s father not to drink and to pay attention to his health.

As described in the comment area, Midjourney’s AI technology is forming a parallel universe outside our reality.

When this ability to link with reality is used in the groups we are familiar with, it will produce an extremely absurd impression. Here, politicians become street hooligans or prisoners in jail.

Obama and Biden lost their usual seriousness and played slot machines in the arcade hall.

The rich man became a tramp begging on the street and stepped on the sewing machine of the assembly line.

Bill Gates stepped on the sewing machine

James became a plasterer on the construction site and lifted a 2-kg Shi Zhuan.

AI parallel world

Everyone has heard the story of the parallel universe more or less.

For example, the TV series The Man in the High Castle tells the story that during World War II, the Axis countries led by Germany defeated the Allies and the United States was occupied and transformed.

Similarly, in the political field, the politicians with suits and serious faces that we usually see on the news may turn their heads and smirk in the world of AI, or the situation will turn sharply and become a caged bird.

Some time ago, a series of pictures of Trump’s arrest and imprisonment were madly transmitted on the Internet.

Although Trump in the picture is smiling, he is still wearing electronic ankles.

Trump, who was all-powerful on social media, lost his proud voice channel and cleaned up the prison sewer by hand.

Former US President Barack Obama, who has stepped down, is smoking with Biden in a parallel world, and it is even difficult to tell the truth without looking at his fingers.

And if politicians are drawn mainly because of their political ideas in the parallel world of AI, then the rich are spoofed because of their wealth.

In the parallel world of AI, "the rich who become poor ghosts" is an important branch.

For example, a blogger named Xiao D in Little Red Book uploaded a post entitled "In the world of AI, let them be poor once".

Bezos, Buffett, Zuckerberg, Bill Gates and other human beings who stand at the apex of human wealth have become real millionaires in slums.

In 2022, Buffett’s lunch cost $19,001,000, but in the parallel world of AI, it seems that only $10 can make this dirty old man with a tight belt eat two hot dogs and have a full meal.

In contrast to Buffett’s big belly, Bill Gates’ ribs are clearly visible. This computer genius has lost his old spirit, withered face and bamboo-like body. At first glance, he is mistaken for Gandhi who changed the front page.

In another parallel world, there is no miracle of Microsoft, only a buzzing sewing machine, spending every dusk and morning with Bill Gates.

The skinny Zuckerberg looks like a slum boy living in District 9.

The above four, who made their fortune earlier, belong to old gods, the wealth of the last century. The richest man who has become a pauper is Musk, the richest man in the new century.

Because Musk’s pictures were uploaded too much, AI learned Musk’s appearance very well, and the pictures made were extremely realistic.

Musk’s changeable identity is more than that of Martin. He sometimes spreads the cultivation techniques of Chinese cabbage in vast vegetable fields.

Sometimes I personally go to the assembly line to process parts.

There is no trace of PS in the picture of its car repair, and it is no different from a real mechanic in posture and technique.

Musk, who didn’t mix well, became a street tramp and spent all day in the alley with garbage.

However, his unruly temperament is very sharp even if he is wearing a garbage bag.

Even in the poorest villages, Musk is like a naked donor who comes to inspect.

In the parallel world of AI, it is not entirely a spoof about the above power and wealth, but also accompanied by controversy and resistance to new technologies.

Such as copyright and portrait rights.

Chris Kashtanova, the author of the comic book Dawn, almost all the contents of his new book are generated by Midjourney. The US Copyright Office believes that the images generated by artificial intelligence Midjourney are not protected by copyright.

Software such as Midjourney has been jointly sued by artists for many times.

Artists Sarah, Kelly and Kara claimed that AI drawing violated the rights of "millions of artists".

They trained their artificial intelligence tools with 5 billion pictures grabbed from the Internet "without the consent of the original artists". Artists think that Midjourney abuses the pictures captured on the Internet to improve his algorithm, which should have been part of their creation.

Carla Ortiz is famous for designing Doctor Strange.

On Kara’s Twitter, she called on artists to take a class action lawsuit and accuse them of cheating on their cultural creation rights.

And launched a fundraising campaign to protect artists from AI technology. Up to now, they have received a donation of $250,000 from their supporters.

In addition to all disputes, some people also use AI technology to resurrect the dead. They can be idols in their own hearts, such as Kobe Bryant; It can also be your deceased grandparents, grandparents, sons and daughters.

People living in the AI world

In the AI world, all the dead can be resurrected here, and Kobe is the most famous one.

On Midjourney, people hope that Kobe can live in any way. He can dance academy in an alley in Brooklyn or deliver pizza.

Or he often accompanied the ancient Buddha of Qingdeng and converted to Buddhism together with his career in Zijin Dynasty.

Kobe Bryant on Midjourney even said that he can achieve "eternal life" in some form, because the real death is being forgotten.

In the parallel world of AI, there are also thousands of ordinary people in Qian Qian who have not been forgotten and have been resurrected in the AI world.

In 2021, a trend of "dynamic photos" swept the short video platform, and video publishers used the AI technology at that time to make the photos of the deceased move and comfort the living.

Someone used this technology to help grandpa resurrect grandma. Even the animation technology, which seemed quite rough at that time, reminded the living of the time spent with the deceased.

Or help the mother "resurrect" her grandmother and let technology get through the grave.

A user lost his father when he was 6 years old, and he had never seen his father’s appearance. After seeing his "resurrected" father, he was moved.

In the comment area, this technology has aroused more people’s resonance.

Just as the theme of all science fiction movies is to discuss human nature and love, technology is not all radical and cruel crazy paranoia.

In 2008, Ye Hongmei lost her 7-year-old daughter forever in the Wenchuan earthquake. In the following 10 years, this ordinary middle-aged woman in Sichuan moved to 104 mobile phone stores, only to repair the old-fashioned slide phone with her daughter’s photo damaged in the earthquake.

But no one can repair this old-fashioned product.

In the end, the 10 software engineers who learned about this took 22 days to rewrite the program of the mobile phone, and Ye Hongmei finally saw her daughter.

And this may be the meaning of AI images.

It allows us to communicate with our deceased relatives, make virtual images link with real thoughts, make us create a cloud that belongs to us after a hundred years, and make full use of our brains to create a completely parallel world.

The era of Midjourney and AI has just arrived. Perhaps in the future, when technology is more advanced, everyone can understand and enjoy the convenience of AI.

At present, they still have some distance from ordinary people, just like at this time, an ordinary person who lost his mother is asking how to see his mother.

I hope he can get his wish in the virtual world in the future.

Design/visual Elaine

Original title: "In the world of AI, Musk is grabbing garbage with Bill Gates."

Read the original text

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Art has resumed work | It has been closed for nearly a hundred days. What exhibitions are these art galleries preparing?

In Shanghai in June, the resumption of work and production went hand in hand with epidemic prevention and control. Although the art galleries in Shanghai are still closed, the "cloud" activity has never stopped. Since June, many offline exhibitions have been restarted, and it is expected that they will meet the public soon.

"We will aggregate the collections of brother art institutions, integrate our resources and work closely together to form a Shanghai art pattern, create a big scene and plan a big exhibition." Sean, curator of China Art Palace (Shanghai Art Museum), told The Paper Art Review.

It is reported that the exhibitions independently planned by Shanghai’s major art museums in the second half of the year rely on their collections, including The Chinese Art Palace (Shanghai Art Museum) "Picture Story and Great Wisdom Painting-Centennial Exhibition of He Youzhi’s Birthday", Shanghai Liu Haisu Art Museum "Hundred Rivers Returning to the Sea-110th Anniversary Exhibition of Shanghai Fine Arts College" and Shanghai Museum of Contemporary Art (PSA) "10th Anniversary Collection Exhibition".

China Art Palace (Shanghai Art Museum) Exhibition Hall

He Youzhi’s works

Since March 11, various art galleries in Shanghai have been temporarily closed one after another, which has been nearly a hundred days. Over the past 100 days, how has the art museum continuously produced digital content to provide healing and nourishment for citizens living at home during the epidemic? How to continuously research and prepare for the new exhibition?

The Paper Art Review recently interviewed China Art Palace (Shanghai Art Museum), Liu Haisu Art Museum, Shanghai Oil Sculpture Academy Art Museum, Shanghai China Painting Academy Art Museum, Cheng Shifa Art Museum, Pearl Art Museum, etc., to see how they cope with the uncertainty and how to prepare for the resumption of opening.

Planned and continuously updated online activities

The blowout development of the "Cloud" Art Museum was after 2020, when the Spring Festival suddenly closed, so that the cultural feast originally prepared by the Art Museum for the public had to come online, resulting in panoramic exhibitions, live guided tours, online public education and other "Cloud" art projects.

Since then, while launching offline exhibitions and activities, the art museum has also cooperated with the promotion of online projects and normalized the online. After more than two years of construction, the "Cloud" Art Museum has long been not simply presenting the exhibition in three dimensions, but giving full play to the respective advantages of online and offline, and paying more attention to depth, breadth and richness on the "online".

Therefore, when the museum is closed again in 2022, there will be more layout and planning for online projects. Taking the China Art Palace (Shanghai Art Museum) as an example, three sections were created during the closing period, namely, "Art starts to see", "Art starts to learn" and "Art starts to travel", so that the citizens who are "at home" under the epidemic situation can feel the warmth and poetry of the cultural tourism service. On June 10th, Sean, curator of China Art Palace (Shanghai Art Museum), also held a live guided tour of Shanghai-style art works.

Sean, curator of China Art Palace (Shanghai Art Museum), gave a live guided tour.

Public activities of China Art Palace (Shanghai Art Museum) before its closure.

Since 2021, Shanghai Liu Haisu Art Museum has successively launched online columns such as "Xiao Su Shuo Exhibition", "Su Dian" and "Su Shuo". Among them, "Xiao Su Shuo Exhibition" directly hits the scene of the art museum through the most popular short video form, and makes a comprehensive interpretation and appreciation of the exhibition theme and exhibited works with narration, which brings an audio-visual experience to the audience who cannot visit the art museum in person.

During the lock-up period, relying on the collection of ancient works of art, the "Little History of Art: Air Workshop" was newly launched, and the online art healing project was jointly launched with the School of Psychology and Cognitive Science of East China Normal University to relieve psychological pressure through painting.

Shanghai Oil Sculpture Academy Art Museum has expanded its online art gallery category and launched albums such as "Classic Review of Oil Sculpture Academy". The Art Museum of China Painting Academy and Cheng Shifa Art Museum have also been improving their online aesthetic education during the three months since they closed. Further sort out the collection resources and key exhibition projects, and dig deep into academic research results. Six online exhibitions were launched through the official website, and cloud exhibitions, cloud teaching courses and calligraphy appreciation were promoted on the WeChat WeChat official account platform.

In addition to the original online exhibitions and lectures, Shanghai Pearl Art Museum launched two series of online lectures in early April, namely, "PAM Art Begins to Read Paintings", "PAM Love Shanghai" and "PAM Tour Art History", which are constantly being updated. At that time, we can look at the city and art from the perspective of "travelers" while staying at home.

"Whether it is the impact of the epidemic, the help of 5G technology, and the rise of the concept of’ meta-universe’, the art museum has paid more attention to the development of both offline and offline positions. But in the final analysis, the function and mission of the art museum is still to produce knowledge, inspire wisdom, cultivate sentiment and develop’ beautiful productivity’. " Li Dandan, director of Shanghai Pearl Art Museum, said, "However, face-to-face with the original works of art and the exchange of emotions and ideas between people are hard to be completely replaced by digital technology. Looking forward to the haze of the epidemic as soon as possible, we can not only continue to provide nutritious content for everyone online, but also receive everyone offline. "

Epidemic prevention and disinfection during the exhibition of Shanghai Pearl Art Museum

The disrupted extension and uncertainty are the biggest challenges.

The Pearl Art Museum originally planned to launch a new exhibition "Long-term Design: Thinking and Practice" in March, but the exhibition is expected to be postponed to July due to the closure of the epidemic. The concept of "Long Life Design" was put forward by Oka Xianming, a Japanese design activity parent. He said, "We should treat things with care and understand the value of things that can stand long-term use. "Although the epidemic has forced the exhibition to be postponed, I think this project has a new context, and everyone will have the opportunity to re-examine’ one device, one thing’,’ one vegetable, one meal’, rediscover the charm of’ regional design’, re-feel’ cherishing things’ and’ long love’, and learn a lot of fresh and concrete concepts and methods." Li Dandan said.

"Long-term design" selection

The exhibition will also be a dialogue designed by Japanese and China. Some works of the exhibition need to be transported from Tokyo to Shanghai. These works were still on the way when the Art Museum was temporarily closed on March 11th, and later they were stranded in the Shanghai warehouse of the logistics company because of static management. "This makes us very worried about the damage or loss of our works. Fortunately, the problem was solved later. Because our librarians were all locked at home, the security guards who were left behind in the art museum finally received the works on March 29. " At present, "Long-term Design: Thinking and Practice" is being exhibited, but an international exhibition originally scheduled for the end of the year has to be cancelled because it has been uncertain about the extension period.

Sean also mentioned to "The Paper" the trouble of the exhibition schedule of China Art Palace (Shanghai Art Museum): "This epidemic has disrupted the original exhibition and related activities, and adjustment is inevitable. Several important exhibitions will basically be postponed, some of which involve borrowing works from other art institutions, such as two exhibitions, Shanghai Modern Art Works and Shanghai Modern Calligraphy Works, as well as related exhibitions that have delayed artists’ creation due to the epidemic, such as the exhibition "Opening the World-Chinese Creation Myth". "

"The Art Museum of China Painting Academy has been closed for renovation since the end of 2021, and the overall impact is not great. However, the Cheng Shifa Art Museum originally planned to launch the’ Shanghai Chinese Painting Research Exhibition’ in July, which is expected to be postponed to the first half of next year; Another important case study project, Xie Zhiliu and Chen Peiqiu Art Exhibition, is scheduled to be launched before the end of this year. " The relevant staff of Shanghai China Painting Academy said.

During the closing period, the museum staff still studied and studied in various ways, and strengthened the combing and research of the collected works of art. The staff of Shanghai China Painting Academy and Cheng Shifa Art Museum are promoting the combing and research of Shanghai-style Chinese painting and Shanghai local art creation.

The exhibition site of Shanghai China Painting Academy Art Museum last year.

In 2017, the exhibition hall of "There are so many beauties in Jiangshan", the permanent exhibition of China Art Palace.

The Chinese Art Palace (Shanghai Art Museum) will continue the exhibition form of "the moon, grown full now over the sea" and "There are so many beauties in the country" based on collection research, and will continue to launch exhibitions focusing on collections in the future. "At the same time, for several existing important exhibitions, we will further deepen the curatorial plan and make dynamic plans in terms of work adjustment and budget control." Sean said.

Heavyweight exhibitions are already in preparation and will be unveiled in the second half of the year.

This year marks the 110th anniversary of the establishment of Shanghai Fine Arts College. Liu Haisu Art Museum and Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts jointly sponsored the "China Modern Fine Arts Education Context Exhibition", and the "Hundred Rivers Returning to the Sea-110th Anniversary Exhibition of Shanghai Fine Arts College" is scheduled to be exhibited in September. "As the annual exhibition of Liu Haisu Art Museum, the exhibition is characterized by reviewing the history and development characteristics of Shanghai Fine Arts College on the basis of combing the context of modern fine arts education in China and tracing the origin of the development of Shanghai-style art, so as to explore the significance and influence of Shanghai Fine Arts College in the development of modern fine arts education in China." Bao Weihua, curator of Liu Haisu Art Museum, said.

According to reports, the exhibition will focus on the experience of Liu Haisu Xiasanyo and its significance. A special section will be set up to show the bright stars in the history of modern art education in China and the development of Shanghai Fine Arts College (including Lv Fengzi, Guan Liang, Wu Fading, Wang Jiyuan, Chen Hengke, Zhang Xian, Wang Geyi, Qian Shoutie, etc.). Among them, the collection "The Handwritten Instructions of Li Ruiqing’s Commandments to Students" will be publicly exhibited for the first time.

Li Ruiqing’s Handwritten Instructions to the Students (Partial) Liu Haisu Art Collection 1908-1910

As a derivative exhibition to commemorate the 110th anniversary of Shanghai Fine Arts College, Liu Haisu Art Museum will hold "Muqin Career-Literature Memorial Exhibition of Ding Quan’s 130th Birthday" (tentative name) at the end of 2022. "Ding Quan was the first provost of Shanghai Fine Arts College, a pioneer of Shanghai visual culture, a practitioner of commercial culture and a leader of urban culture in the Republic of China. By observing the literary ecology at that time through his diverse identity, we will be able to obtain more vivid details about the development of the’ Shanghai School’ culture. " Bao Weihua said, "The audience can get a glimpse of the origin and grand occasion of the new culture of Shanghai School."

Ding quan’s comic manuscript

A few days ago, Shanghai was selected as one of the three projects in the Catalogue of Exhibition Season of National Art Museum Collection in 2022 published by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, and the exhibition of 110th Anniversary of Shanghai Fine Arts College is one of them, and the other two Shanghai Contemporary Art Museums, the exhibition of 10th Anniversary Collection of Shanghai Contemporary Art Museum and the exhibition of He Youzhi’s centenary birthday, are the Chinese Art Palace (Shanghai Art Museum).

He Youzhi painted himself (album)

After the Chinese Art Palace (Shanghai Art Museum) resumed its opening, in addition to the existing "There are so many beauties in the country" and "the moon, grown full now over the sea", it also prepared two new exhibitions, "Notes on the Magic Capital" and "Endless Fangfei". The former is a large-scale work that shows the theme of Shanghai in these years, while the latter is a selection of paintings with quiet and cheerful themes in the collection, among which there are many masterpieces by Lin Fengmian, Zhao Wuji and Wu Guanzhong. The works of these two exhibitions can give visual pleasure and spiritual comfort to the audience affected by the epidemic.

Jiang Mei, vice president of Shanghai Oil Painting Sculpture Institute, said: "The main exhibitions to be completed this year include four of the six exhibitions of Shanghai Oil Painting Sculpture Institute’s Sculpture Academic Series Exhibition, Welcome to the Top 20-Shanghai Oil Painting Sculpture Institute’s Special Exhibition, Changing Environment-Invitational Exhibition of Contemporary Women’s Paintings in the Yangtze River Delta, and the public education project" Early Mang Plan ".At present, the related work of these exhibitions is progressing in an orderly manner. Once informed by the superior that the Art Museum will be reopened, the first exhibition will be the 6th Shanghai Oil Painting Sculpture Institute Sculpture Academic Series Exhibition-Unknown: Yuan Kan’s solo exhibition, which is also the first exhibition of this sculpture academic series exhibition, followed by the’ Early Mans Plan’. "

Exhibition is a continuous and collaborative work. It can be seen from the exhibitions published at present that under the uncertainty, the art museum began to look inside and dig out rich exhibition and public education models from the research of its own collections. Starting from its own characteristics, it also curates independently from different angles, creating more artistic beauty in the limited.

Attachment: Li Ruiqing’s "Handwritten Instructions for Commandments to Students"(Horizontal screen appreciation is recommended)

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Pure blood HarmonyOS is here! Over 15,000 native applications and meta-services were put on the shelves.

"Today, the ecological trend of HarmonyOS has been set, and the sky is full of stars, which will eventually merge into a bright Milky Way!" Nine months ago, when HarmonyOS NEXT (native HarmonyOS or pure blood HarmonyOS) made its debut, Yu Chengdong, managing director of Huawei and chairman of BG, said so.

On October 22nd, Huawei held the HarmonyOS Night and Huawei’s new product launch conference. On the night of this bumper harvest season, HarmonyOS NEXT, the fruit of Huawei’s "Ten Years of Sharpening a Sword" and a brand-new native HarmonyOS operating system for consumers, was officially released. A series of innovative functions based on the five innovative capabilities of native exquisiteness, native intelligence, native fluency, native interconnection and native security were exposed for the first time. If you can understand the user’s "here" and "this", you can share WiFi, goods and videos with a touch.

It is worth mentioning that HarmonyOS NEXT released this time is the biggest upgrade in HarmonyOS since its birth in 2019, and it is also the first full-stack self-developed operating system in China. It has achieved completely independent research and development from operating system kernel, file system to programming language, AI framework and large model, and is no longer compatible with Android, which is expected to break the bipolar pattern of monopoly of Android and iOS in the field of mobile operating systems. In the future, with the continuous development of native HarmonyOS’s ecology, it will also drive a new round of self-controllable and innovative development upsurge of China’s software industry.

HarmonyOS NEXT is here.

According to Yu Chengdong, HarmonyOS is based on micro-kernel architecture, which is a full-scene intelligent operating system for the era of all things, deeply integrating software, hardware, cloud and application ecology. HarmonyOS NEXT can be said to be a new starting point for HarmonyOS.

Specifically, in terms of native intelligence, HarmonyOS NEXT deeply integrates AI with the operating system, so that AI capabilities are deeply integrated into various subsystems, and AI assistant Xiaoyi is also upgraded to an agent.

He Gang showed the function of circle selection of Xiaoyi on the spot. Just click the knuckles to circle the screen area in one step, Xiaoyi can actively understand the circle selection content and provide answers or tips, such as automatically circle selection to help fill in the transfer information, help write or polish the manuscript, and help fill in the booking information.

It is worth mentioning that HarmonyOS NEXT also has the industry’s first AI sound repair function, which can ensure that every sentence is clearly transmitted by repairing the difficult-to-identify sentences spoken by people with speech impairment in real time, and help people with speech impairment to communicate without hindrance.

In addition, Huawei’s sharing has also been upgraded. HarmonyOS NEXT supports multi-person sending, one-touch instant sending and acquaintances’ direct sending. You can share WiFi, videos or video links with one touch.

More than 15,000 applications and meta-services have been put on the shelves.

As we all know, ecology is the key to the success or failure of an operating system. Since the launch of HarmonyOS in 2019, its success has also been controversial.

However, judging from the current development, HarmonyOS, as Yu Chengdong said before, "the general trend of HarmonyOS’s development has been set".

"On September 25th last year, we blew the horn of the native HarmonyOS, and now the native HarmonyOS finally met with you. Up to now, the number of ecological devices in HarmonyOS has exceeded 1 billion, and more than 15,000 applications and meta-services have been put on the shelves. The number of ecological applications and meta-services in HarmonyOS has increased by more than 10 times compared with that in June this year. It took us more than a year to go through the road that foreign operating systems have gone through for more than ten years." Yu Chengdong said at the scene.

"With a base and ecology, it is the real operating system! HarmonyOS cannot be made by Huawei alone. Thanks to the joint efforts of partners from all walks of life, the native HarmonyOS APP iterates rapidly, almost reaching the amazing speed of one version a day. The general office application covers more than 38 million enterprises nationwide, and thousands of internal office applications of government and enterprises are accelerated. Ecological development is advancing by leaps and bounds, and HarmonyOS’s ecology has achieved a historic breakthrough. " Yu Chengdong said.

Previously, in June this year, the HarmonyOS NEXT Beta was officially released at the Huawei Developers Conference. On October 8, the native HarmonyOS OS Next officially began public beta. The first batch of public beta models included Huawei Mate 60 series, Huawei Mate X5 series and Huawei MatePad Pro 13.2-inch series. At this conference, Huawei launched the public beta of Huawei Pura70 series, Pocket series and other models.

It is worth mentioning that in order to sprint the "last mile" of native HarmonyOS commerce and further prosper HarmonyOS’s ecology, Huawei released the incentive plan for native application developers in HarmonyOS on October 10, and completed the development of native applications and meta-services in HarmonyOS from October 10 to December 31, and officially put them on the HarmonyOS NEXT application market, which will provide opportunities for cash incentives and exclusive traffic support.

A number of ecological partners voiced

Not long ago, the native version of WeChat in HarmonyOS officially began to invite internal testing. This "early adopter version" of WeChat already includes basic social communication, audio and video calls, circle of friends, QR code receipt/payment of WeChat payment and other functions.

Tencent introduced that at present, more than 20 products such as WeChat, QQ, Tencent Conference, Enterprise WeChat, Tencent Video, Tencent News, Tencent Sports, QQ Browser, sogou Input Method, Tencent Stock Selection, Licaitong, Tencent Advertising, QQ Music, Cool Dog Music, Kuwo Music, National karaoke, lazy listening, starting reading, QQ reading, WeChat reading and WeChat input method are constantly adapting.

At this conference, representatives of native HarmonyOS partners such as JD.COM, Alipay, Nail, WPS and Feishu also appeared on the scene and shared their experiences and challenges in developing native HarmonyOS.

"As early as last November, we started the research and development of the nailed HarmonyOS version, mainly due to two considerations. First, there was a strong appeal from the nailed customers, and a large number of government and enterprise and head customers were nailed, and HarmonyOS demands were put forward with us; Second, it comes from the spontaneous innovation demand of nails. The design ideas such as native intelligence, one-multi framework and meta-service of native HarmonyOS coincide with nails. We believe that there is a chance to recreate a new experience on the HarmonyOS system. " The person in charge of nailing said.

Alipay, together with Huawei, officially launched HarmonyOS native application development on December 7, 2023. On June 19 this year, Alipay HarmonyOS native application Beta version was launched, and on October 8 this year, Alipay HarmonyOS version was officially launched, with millions of applets behind it. JD.COM’s core applications and enterprise applications began to complete the native adaptation of HarmonyOS in June this year.

"Building HarmonyOS’s native application ecology is the most critical thing for Huawei in 2024." In April this year, at the Huawei analyst conference, Xu Zhijun, Huawei’s rotating chairman, said that Huawei hopes to fully migrate the applications that have been used on smartphones for more than 99% of the time in the China market to the native operating system in HarmonyOS in 2024, so as to truly realize the unification of operating system and application ecology.

According to the latest statistics of Counterpoint, the global market share of HarmonyOS OS successfully exceeded 4% in the first quarter of 2024. In the China market, thanks to the sales of Huawei’s flagship products, HarmonyOS surpassed iOS for the first time and became the second largest operating system in the market.

Yu Chengdong said that HarmonyOS has become one of the top two operating system markets in China, with 91% brand awareness and 6.75 million registered developers.

"Huawei alone can’t make HarmonyOS. Only the active participation of ecological partners, the innovative contribution of developers and the trust and support of consumers can we build a strong HarmonyOS ecology and realize the sustainable development of HarmonyOS. " Yu Chengdong said at the scene.

At the press conference, Yu Chengdong once again called on all walks of life to build a new world in HarmonyOS. He said that since HarmonyOS started Beta testing, it has received more than 1 million suggestions and feedback. Thanks to every partner, developer and consumer for their support, and appeals to more partners and users to support and embrace native HarmonyOS. Now, we are striding forward from the beginning and working together to build and share a new world in HarmonyOS.

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Geely sold more than 250,000 brands in November, and new energy became the growth engine.

The November sales "Battle Report" just announced by Geely Automobile is remarkable! The sales of new cars in a single month jumped to 250,136 vehicles like a rocket, which not only refreshed its historical peak again, but also broke the record for two consecutive months. Such a strong market momentum, like a surging wave, wantonly demonstrated its vitality. Looking at the first 11 months of the extended timeline, the cumulative achievement of 1,966,512 vehicles is dazzling enough, and the 31% year-on-year growth rate is even more intuitive.

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Focusing on the new energy battlefield, Geely is full of firepower. In November, the new energy sector won 122,453 vehicles, reaching a new historical high again, rising steadily by 13% from the previous month, and the year-on-year figure soared by 94%. The rapid growth trend is clear at a glance. Broadening the horizon to January-November, the cumulative sales volume of 777,029 vehicles and the year-on-year growth rate of up to 92% witnessed its continuous galloping in the new energy track. Among them, the sales performance of pure electric vehicles is amazing, and the performance of 91,333 vehicles surged by 173% year-on-year, which is undoubtedly a strong engine to drive overall growth.

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Analyzing Geely’s rise password, multi-brand strategy is the key "blade". Many of its brands are not fighting in their own way, but cleverly intertwined and coordinated. Like delicate gears, each brand closely engages with each other and complements each other in different market segments. Some brands specialize in high-end luxury experience, some focus on cost performance and practicality, and some focus on young fashion trends. When they gather in one place, they will form an indestructible and powerful matrix, covering the diverse needs of consumers in an all-round way. Only in this way can Geely Automobile stand out in the fierce competition and make great strides all the way. In the future, it is expected to continue to lead the way with this strategic advantage.

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Bao Beier frankly responded to the question of bad movies: As long as there is a play, I can play it!

Recently, actor Bao Beier’s remarks in an interview have aroused widespread concern and discussion. In the face of the question of "many bad films", he said frankly: "If there is nothing else to find me, I can play!" This sincere attitude not only makes people feel cordial, but also gives us a deeper understanding of his professional attitude.

Step 1 review events

On October 22, when Bao Beier was interviewed, the host directly threw out a hot topic: "Everyone said that many films you received were bad. Does this comment have any influence on you?" Faced with such a problem, Bao Beier did not shy away, but responded humorously: "Yes, there is no other way to find me! I can shoot whatever I can get, and I am very happy to find me to shoot. I still choose? " This sentence immediately triggered laughter at the scene, and Bao Beier’s sense of humor and true feelings instantly narrowed the distance with the audience.

2. The views of public opinion collide.

There are two totally different views on Bao Beier’s remarks. On the one hand, some people think that Bao Beier is a dedicated actor, regardless of the size of the role, he can go all out. This attitude is worthy of respect. After all, in this highly competitive industry, it is a kind of luck to be able to continue to play. On the other hand, some people criticize him for being too casual and not paying attention to the quality of his works. Frequent filming of bad films will not only affect his reputation, but also mislead the audience.

Behind these two viewpoints, people actually reflect different understandings and expectations of actors’ careers. Some people think that actors should choose scripts more carefully to ensure that each work can show their best state; Others believe that an actor needs opportunities first, and only by constantly trying and accumulating experience can he gradually improve his acting skills.

3. Deep thinking and analysis

Bao Beier’s frank response actually reveals a common phenomenon: in the entertainment circle, many actors are facing great pressure to survive. They not only have to face fierce competition, but also deal with the uncertainty of the market. In this case, it is a rare thing to be able to continue to receive work. As Bao Beier said, "Sometimes people think that actors should have their own choices, but you think, is it really up to me to decide what to play?"? In most cases, I don’t have so many choices. "

Behind this helplessness is the ecological problem of the whole industry. Driven by capital, many producers pay more attention to flow and commercial value, but ignore the quality of their works. Therefore, even a good actor can’t completely control his career destiny. From this perspective, Bao Beier’s attitude is particularly rare. He was not bothered by the external evaluation, but focused on the career he loved, and always maintained an optimistic attitude.

4. Educational significance and values

Bao Beier’s story reminds us that persistence is as important as hard work in the process of pursuing our dreams. Although not everyone can be perfect at every step, as long as you keep your initial heart, keep learning and making progress, you will always gain something in the end. At the same time, it also calls on the whole industry to pay more attention to the quality of works and provide more high-quality scripts for actors so that they can grow and develop in a better environment.

5. Summary and enlightenment

Through this interview, we saw a real Bao Beier. He didn’t dwell too much on the external evaluation, but chose to focus on his inner love. No matter how his role changes in the future, Bao Beier will continue on his own road, expecting to bring more amazing works to the audience in the future.

Finally, as a senior self-media practitioner, I sincerely suggest that you must learn to use advanced productive forces and use AI every day. It has become my working habit to use AI to generate pictures of articles, which not only helps me greatly improve my work efficiency, but also brings more traffic to my articles. I don’t think anyone, no matter how familiar you are with your business, should reject AI. Smart people have used AI tools like chatgpt, but most people in the workplace only know how to work hard, and the result is that they suffer from information occlusion. After using AI tools, you will find it very easy to start a business from the media! As long as you are willing to spend some time learning how to use it, simple operation will enable you to produce high-quality explosive pictures and texts, and it is not a dream to increase the powder by 10w+! For example, my commonly used AI tool, Simple AI, is an all-round AI creative assistant, whose functions include AI painting, literary drawing, graphic drawing, AI copywriting, AI avatar, AI material and AI design. You can generate creative beautiful pictures, anime avatars, notes on planting grass, explosion titles, activity plans, etc. with one click.

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Diesel Industry Injects Green Power

  Proposed by China Petrochemical Co., Ltd. and drafted by Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, the first national standard of biodiesel in China, Biodiesel for Diesel Fuel Blending, entered the approval process. The original biodiesel standards in China are all enterprise standards. The index setting and specific requirements of these standards are often formulated by enterprises according to their respective R&D, production and process levels, lacking common requirements. Some enterprises also directly adopt the standard of mineral diesel to produce biodiesel, but the composition and properties of biodiesel and mineral diesel are different, so controlling the quality of biodiesel with the standard of mineral diesel will cause many problems.
  
  Biodiesel is a real green energy, and the industrialization of biodiesel in China is in its infancy, facing many problems. Among them, there must be a basic answer to what requirements biodiesel needs to meet, which is exactly the question to be answered in "Biodiesel for Diesel Fuel Blending".
  
  In recent years, the international crude oil price has been soaring all the way, which is accompanied by the rapid economic growth and rising crude oil consumption in China. According to some sources, it is conservatively estimated that the national diesel shortage has reached 50 million tons every year. In the market, demand is the driving force. As early as when the international crude oil price just showed signs of rising, some domestic enterprises began to research and develop economic and environmental-friendly raw materials, so biodiesel began to move to the foreground.
  
  Biodiesel industry is easily accepted by the market because of its high technical maturity and good compatibility with existing oil transportation and distribution facilities. Although it can’t completely replace petrochemical diesel, it is still strongly supported because of its various advantages.
  
  However, although the technical path is feasible and countries such as Europe and America have been developing and encouraging the use of biodiesel, the industrialization of biodiesel in China, which is in its infancy, is also facing many problems. The national standard "Biodiesel for Diesel Fuel Blending" is trying to solve these problems, which will be of great significance to promote the industrialization of biodiesel.
  
  National standard of biodiesel: stand on tiptoe to reach it.
  
  According to Professor Zhang Yongguang, the drafter of the national standard of Biodiesel for Diesel Fuel Blending and director of the fuel oil products and additives research office of the Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, the national standard of biodiesel in China includes 17 technical requirements and limits, namely, density: 0.82 ~ 0.90 kg/m3; The minimum value of kinematic viscosity is 1.9mm2/s and the maximum value is 6.0mm2/s; Flash point above 130℃; Cold filter points are reported; Set two indicators for sulfur content, namely, no more than 0.05% and 0.005%; 10% of the residual carbon of the steam residue is not more than 0.3%; Sulfate ash content is not more than 0.02%; Water content 0.05%; No mechanical impurities are allowed; Copper corrosion is not greater than grade 1; Cetane number is not less than 49; The oxidation stability is not less than 6.0; The acid value is not more than 0.80; Free glycerol does not exceed 0.02%; Total glycerol does not exceed 0.24%; 90% recovery temperature does not exceed 360℃. These requirements take into account that the use of biodiesel in China is mainly blended with ordinary mineral diesel in the proportion of 5% ~ 20% as a component fuel. If 100% biodiesel is used, it is necessary to formulate another standard or adjust the index requirements of this standard.
  
  In terms of the number of indicators, there are more than 10 differences between China’s biodiesel standards and developed countries, and the specific limits are also different. Zhang Yongguang explained that the main reason is that the raw materials of biodiesel in Europe and America are mainly oil crops. Simply taking their indicators will limit the raw materials of biodiesel in China, and some indicators are not in line with China’s situation. China’s national standard for biodiesel is a relatively high standard. According to the reality of most biodiesel production enterprises in China, it is necessary to stand on tiptoe to reach the standard.
  
  When making biodiesel standards, Chinese enterprises mostly refer to the indicators and specific requirements stipulated by foreign biodiesel standards. For some items that are not stipulated in the national standard of biodiesel in China, Zhang Yongguang explained that high concentrations of monoglyceride, diglyceride and triethylene glycol can produce injector deposits, which may affect the low-temperature operation performance and cause filter blockage. In the process of standard formulation, after analyzing the samples of Chinese enterprises, it is found that these three indicators are far less than the limits stipulated by European standards. At the same time, as blended biodiesel, monoglyceride, diglyceride and triethylene glycol can also play the role of lubricating additives in diesel, so these three indexes are not limited in Chinese standards. Residual metals can lead to engine deposition and wear, and pump and injector failure, which increases the smoke emission of diesel vehicles and makes it difficult to start. Monovalent metals and divalent metals can be introduced into the reaction by the catalyst of transesterification. Because the metal elements have been separated from biodiesel in the post-treatment, their content in biodiesel is generally small, so it is unnecessary to limit the metal content. Phosphorus can destroy the catalytic converter used in emission control system, and its content must be kept low. Because the phosphorus content of biodiesel in China is far less than that of biodiesel in Europe and America, the standard of biodiesel in China does not require phosphorus content. Iodine value is the number of grams of iodine consumed when reacting with 100 grams of oil under specified conditions. Biodiesel with high iodine value is unstable and easy to oxidize. However, the iodine value is only a rough estimate of the stability of biodiesel, so the iodine value is not required in China’s biodiesel standards.The methanol content in biodiesel is one of the unreacted residues in the production of biodiesel. The methanol content of biodiesel after treatment is generally low, and there is no equipment for detecting the methanol content of biodiesel in China at present, so the methanol content requirement is not included in the standard for the time being. The content of methyl ester reflects the degree of transesterification, and the EU standard requires no less than 96.5%. All the biodiesel samples taken in the process of standard formulation in China meet this requirement, so the Chinese standard does not require it.
  
  While people enjoy the convenience brought by automobiles, they also have to endure the environmental pollution and energy pressure caused by the development of automobile industry. Under the background of global warming and rising oil prices, finding alternative energy sources has become a common topic for the development of global automobile industry.
  
  Some experts pointed out that vigorously developing biomass energy to replace the increasingly scarce fossil energy is one of the directions of future energy development. In China, biodiesel is becoming a new field of biomass energy development. Focus on biomass energy: the industrialization of biodiesel is heating up.
  
  Biodiesel is a fatty acid monoalkyl ester prepared by transesterification of animal and vegetable oils with alcohols (such as methanol or ethanol). The raw materials of biodiesel mainly come from oil crops, oil trees and fruits, oil aquatic plants, animal fat, waste catering oil and so on. The commonly used oil crops are mainly soybeans and rapeseed, the fruits of oil trees are mainly oil palm and Pistacia chinensis, and oil aquatic plants mainly refer to engineering microalgae. These animal and vegetable oils and fats react with low-carbon alcohols such as methanol or ethanol in the presence of acid or alkaline catalyst and at a high temperature of 230~250℃ to produce fatty acid methyl ester or ethyl ester, which is then washed and dried to obtain biodiesel.
  
  Biodiesel was born in Germany in 1988. In 2005, the 15 member States of the European Union produced more than 2 million tons of biodiesel, accounting for 90% of the world’s total biodiesel. Germany is currently the country with the largest biodiesel production in the world.
  
  China began to produce biodiesel in 2001. At present, there are dozens of enterprises producing biodiesel in China, with an annual output of over 100,000 tons. China’s biodiesel is rich in raw materials. According to Chu Fuxiang, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Forestry, there are more than 600 common woody oil plants in China, with a total area of over 6.66 million hectares and an annual output of more than 2 million tons of seeds. Among them, there are dozens of kinds of seeds whose oil content reaches or approaches 50%, mainly including Jatropha curcas, Pistacia chinensis, light bark, Xanthoceras sorbifolia and so on. According to a study by the Bioenergy Research Center of Tianjin University, there is only one waste oil resource in China, with an annual output of 401,000 tons. The research and production of biodiesel in China is relatively late, but it has made rapid progress. From the distribution, selection, cultivation and genetic improvement of oil plants to the processing technology and equipment manufacturing, it has been industrialized. Companies in Hainan, Sichuan and Fujian have successively developed biodiesel production technologies with independent intellectual property rights, and successively built biodiesel production plants with a scale of over 10,000 tons. In 2005, the national special agricultural and forestry bioengineering project determined that the annual production capacity of biodiesel in China would reach 2 million tons by 2010 and 15 million tons by 2020.
  
  

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Kashgar Asian Dragon is on sale! Reserve price 194,800, great discount today

Welcome to the Autohome Kashgar Promotion Channel to reveal an exciting car buying opportunity for you! Currently, the much-anticipated Toyota is holding a grand promotion to cover the bustling city of Kashgar. Car buyers will be fortunate to enjoy a substantial profit of up to 50,000 yuan, making the already competitive Asian Dragon model more affordable. The starting price has been reduced to 194,800 yuan, which is undoubtedly a car purchase opportunity not to be missed. To know the latest discount details and pickup prices for specific models, just click the "Check Car Price" button in the quotation form and let our professional team provide you with more accurate discount information and car purchase suggestions. Take the time and seize the moment to make the Asian Dragon your ideal car!

喀什亚洲龙正在优惠!底价19.48万,今日钜惠

The exterior design of the Asian Dragon is unique, showing a streamlined modern and elegant temperament. At the front, it uses an atmospheric hexagonal air intake grille, which is combined with a sharp headlight set to create a strong impact. The body lines are smooth, outlining a low and dynamic outline. The overall style combines the dual characteristics of business and sports, showing a unique sense of luxury and technological charm.

喀什亚洲龙正在优惠!底价19.48万,今日钜惠

The Asian Dragon offers a modern aesthetic with its slender body design and elegant side lines. The body size reaches 4990mm*1850mm*1450mm, and the wheelbase reaches 2870mm, providing passengers with a spacious and comfortable interior space. The front and rear wheels are 1595mm and 1605mm respectively, ensuring excellent stability and handling performance. The tire size is 215/55 R17, and the delicate wheel design not only provides good grip, but also adds a sense of style and sportiness to the vehicle.

喀什亚洲龙正在优惠!底价19.48万,今日钜惠

In terms of interior, the Asian Dragon shows an elegant and practical design concept. The spacious interior space is won by exquisite details and comfortable materials. The cockpit has a simple layout, and the steering wheel is made of lightweight plastic material. Although it is not top leather, it is easy to control through a well-designed grip. The 10.25-inch central control screen stands in the center of the dashboard, which is clear and easy to read and smooth to operate. It integrates multimedia functions and navigation systems to enhance the driving experience. The seats are made of fabric, and while paying attention to comfort, the main and auxiliary seats support front and rear, backrest adjustment and high and low adjustment to meet the individual needs of passengers. Regarding the convenient interface configuration, there are three USB/Type-C ports in the front row and two in the back row to ensure passengers’ charging needs during long-distance journeys.

喀什亚洲龙正在优惠!底价19.48万,今日钜惠

For the Asian Dragon, its 2.0L engine can achieve 173 horsepower output and a maximum torque of 206 N. m. This engine uses an L4 layout, matched with a CVT continuously variable transmission, and the simulated 10-speed setting provides a smooth driving experience.

In general, the Autohome owner is full of praise for the exterior design of the Asian Dragon. He believes that this model is domineering and mature. The mid-grid structure of the front face is both dignified and stylish. The lines on the side of the body are smooth and delicate. The tail is full and the embellishment of the tail is just right. The owner believes that the body design of the Asian Dragon is not only coordinated, but also shows a low-key luxury. This exterior design undoubtedly adds a sense of confidence and satisfaction to the owner’s daily travel.