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The following article comes from Zhong Zhen’s compendium of materia medica, written by ZZZ.

Zhong Zhen said compendium of materia medica

Hello! Welcome to the world tour of Chinese medicine culture. Let’s walk into the world of materia medica and explore the world’s materia medica.

Hello, friends! I’m Zhao Zhongzhen.

Today, I want to talk to you about the difference between Chinese medicine and western medicine.

Here, I want to ask you a question first. The common potatoes on our table are also called potatoes and potatoes. Is it Chinese food or western food? Some people say it’s western food, others say it’s Chinese food. If you go to a western-style fast food restaurant to eat French fries, there is no doubt that it is western food. Conversely, why don’t you go to a Chinese restaurant to eat fried shredded potatoes? That must be Chinese food. What does this mean? Whether it is Chinese food or not has little to do with the raw materials themselves.

Let me give you another example. Is ephedra a traditional Chinese medicine or a western medicine?

Ephedrine is one of the effective chemical components of Herba Ephedrae. If you ask scholars from the west what this is, they must think it is western medicine. In fact, in the view of Chinese medicine, ephedra is an authentic Chinese medicine, which is mainly used for sweating, relieving asthma and promoting diuresis. Ephedra root can also be used to astringe sweat.

▲ Chinese medicine ephedra

The word "traditional Chinese medicine" did not exist in ancient times. Words like "traditional Chinese medicine", "western medicine", "traditional Chinese medicine" and "western medicine" are the products of modern society and are all relative. In ancient times, Chinese medicine was called "materia medica".

First of all, I want to emphasize here that Chinese medicine must be used under the guidance of Chinese medicine theory.

▲ What is Chinese medicine?

When we go to the drugstore to buy medicine, we will say, "Please give me Chinese medicine blindly". The "taste" here refers to the unit. What about western medicine? We often say, "What kind of western medicine do I need to take?".

Why can’t Chinese medicine talk about species? Because there is often more than one source of traditional Chinese medicine, such as ephedra, it is divided into three different species: Casuarina equisetifolia, Casuarina sinica and Casuarina equisetifolia.

So why is Chinese medicine called "taste"? This taste means that it is directly related to the efficacy.

▲ Herba Ephedrae original plant

▲ Chinese ephedra original plant

▲ Casuarina equisetifolia original plant

Where should we start to learn and understand Chinese medicine? I think we should start from its medicinal properties, that is, from its four flavors.

si

four

qi

air

wu

five

wei

taste

So what exactly is four flavors and five flavors?

Four qi refers to four properties: cold, hot, warm and cool. What are these properties based on? It is recorded according to clinical practical reasoning.

Anything that can treat cold diseases is a hot or warm drug; Anything that can treat a febrile disease is a cold medicine. This is the heat that is cold, and the cold that is hot. In other words, the medicinal properties and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine can only be better reflected when it is used in patients.

▲ Four Qi of Traditional Chinese Medicine

What does it say in Compendium of Materia Medica? "Treating cold with hot medicine, treating heat with cold medicine" is the therapeutic criterion of traditional Chinese medicine, which should be used according to the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory.

In the clinical diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine, the first thing is to distinguish between cold and heat. Cold and heat, this is the most important thing.

Next, we will talk about five flavors. What are the five flavors?

Five flavors refer to sour, bitter, sweet, pungent and salty.

Pungent medicine, which can disperse and work; Sour medicine can be astringent and astringent; Sweet medicine can make up and slow down; Bitter medicine can purge and dry; Salty medicine can soften and moisten.

▲ Five flavors of traditional Chinese medicine

The term "bitter, sweet, pungent and salty" in traditional Chinese medicine refers to its clinical medicinal properties. Most of them, that is, their natural attributes, are innate flavors.

For example, sour medicine, which means dark plum and hawthorn, must taste sour. Sweet medicine, representing licorice, really tastes sweet.

But there are still some that don’t match.

For example, cuttlebone is the inner shell of cuttlefish, which is white and mainly composed of calcium carbonate. Because of its astringent effect, its medicinal properties are salty, but if you put it in your mouth to taste it, it is not salty at all.

"Compendium of Materia Medica" added 374 kinds, all of which were summarized and recorded by Li Shizhen. For example, Lophatherum Bambusae, Panax Notoginseng, etc., were followed by future generations of physicians and adopted by China Pharmacopoeia.

ji

base

yuan

origin

gong

success

xiao

effect

What else should we remember when we study Chinese medicine besides the four flavors?

Meridian tropism, ups and downs, seven emotions, toxicity and dietary taboos of drugs. I will introduce the specific drugs in the later content.

Under each drug in Compendium of Materia Medica, Li Shizhen is divided into eight parts, namely, explanation, treatment, invention and compound prescription, and mainly introduces three parts: medicinal materials, medicinal properties and clinical application.

Both Compendium of Materia Medica and ancient materia medica have mentioned the origin and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine. Ephedra, for example, comes from Ephedraceae, because it is a warm medicine. Ephedra can treat cold of wind-cold type, and its functions are sweating, relieving asthma and promoting diuresis.

▲ Ephedra sinica (excerpt from "Illustration of Hundred Drugs")

-Summary of this issue-

To learn Chinese medicine, we must first grasp the main points. I feel that we are not afraid of forgetting things, but we can’t lose one thing and pull two.

The key to understanding traditional Chinese medicine is to master its qi and taste. The rest, you can take your time.

Let’s stop here today. Thank you.

Pay attention to more exciting

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Zhao Zhongzhen: 200 lectures on health and wisdom in Compendium of Materia Medica

Has been taught in the Himalayas.

Original title: "[Special column] Do you know the difference between traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine? 》

Read the original text

　　　　　 BEIJING, Jan. 27 (Xinhua) According to the website of the Ministry of Education, recently, the Ministry of Education and the Central Organization Department issued the Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Construction and Reform of College Teachers in the New Era (hereinafter referred to as the Guiding Opinions). The Guiding Opinions put forward that in order to strengthen the implementation of the evaluation of teachers’ morality, new teachers in colleges and universities must receive special training on teachers’ morality and style before taking up their posts, and only after reaching a certain number of hours and passing the examination can they obtain the qualifications of teachers in colleges and universities and take up their posts to teach.

　　In order to thoroughly implement the Opinions on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of Teaching Staff Construction in the New Era and the Overall Plan for Deepening the Reform of Education Evaluation in the New Era issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, and strengthen the reform of teaching staff construction in colleges and universities in the new era, the following guiding opinions are put forward:

　　First, accurately grasp the requirements of the times for the reform of teaching staff construction in colleges and universities, and implement the fundamental task of cultivating people by virtue. The goal and task is that through a series of reform measures, the development support system for college teachers is more perfect, the management evaluation system is more scientific, the treatment guarantee mechanism is more perfect, and the governance system and governance capacity of teachers are modernized. The professional attraction of college teachers has been significantly enhanced, and teachers’ ideological and political quality, professional ability, educational level and innovation ability have been significantly improved, so as to build a team of high-quality professional and innovative college teachers with excellent political quality, exquisite professional ability and superb educational level.

　　The second is to comprehensively strengthen the leadership of the party and constantly improve teachers’ ideological and political quality and professional ethics.

　　Strengthen ideological and political guidance. Guide teachers to adhere to the "four unifications", strive to be good teachers with "four haves", be good "four guides", strengthen "four consciousnesses", strengthen "four self-confidences" and achieve "two maintenance". Strengthen the Party’s political leadership over colleges and universities, strengthen the political function of party organizations in colleges and universities, strengthen the supervision of education management in party member, and give play to the role of grass-roots party organizations and teachers in party member. Attach importance to the development of party member among outstanding young teachers and teachers who have returned from studying abroad. Improve the organization and management system of teachers’ ideological and political work, and give full play to the overall role of the teachers’ work department of the party Committee of colleges and universities in teachers’ ideological and political work and the construction of teachers’ morality and style. Improve teachers’ theoretical learning system, and comprehensively improve teachers’ ideological and political quality and moral education ability. Strengthen the ideological and political construction of private colleges and universities, and equip and strengthen the ideological and political work team of private colleges and universities.

　　Cultivate and carry forward noble teachers’ morality. Normalization will promote the cultivation of teachers’ morality, and all kinds of teachers’ morality norms will be included in the compulsory content of pre-job training for new teachers and full-time training for in-service teachers. Innovate the way of teachers’ morality education, and stimulate teachers’ endogenous motivation to cultivate teachers’ morality through example leading, situational experience, practical education and teacher-student interaction. Strengthen the "Four History" education of college teachers, standardize the requirements of class hours, and achieve full coverage of all staff in a certain period. Build a good base of teachers’ morality and build a curriculum system of teachers’ morality education. Strengthen teachers’ commendation and improve the teacher honor system. Colleges and universities can hold teachers’ induction and retirement ceremonies, and set up teaching-oriented awards to encourage teachers to concentrate on educating people. Encourage social organizations and individuals to contribute funds to reward teachers. Support local and universities to establish excellent teachers’ libraries, tap typical examples, and strengthen publicity and inspiration. Continue to launch film and television literary works with distinctive themes and showing the style of the teacher era.

　　Strengthen the implementation of teacher’s ethics evaluation. Take teachers’ morality and style as the primary requirement and the first standard in teacher recruitment and introduction, professional title evaluation, post employment, tutor selection, evaluation and reward, employment period assessment, project declaration, etc., strictly assess teachers’ morality, and pay attention to the use of teachers’ morality assessment results. New teachers in colleges and universities must receive special training on teachers’ morality and style before taking up their posts, and only after reaching a certain number of hours and passing the examination can they obtain the qualifications of teachers in colleges and universities and take up their posts to teach. Effectively implement the main responsibility and take the construction of teachers’ morality and style as an important part of the annual assessment of the leading bodies in colleges and universities. Implement the "Ten Codes of Professional Conduct for College Teachers in the New Era" and seriously investigate and deal with the problem of teachers’ moral anomie according to the law and regulations. Establish and improve the exposure mechanism of teachers’ morality violations, and play a warning and shocking role. Relying on the national criminal information database established by political and legal organs, we will establish a system of employment restriction in the education industry.

　　The third is to build a platform for the development of teachers in colleges and universities, and strive to improve teachers’ professional quality and ability.

　　Improve the teacher development system in colleges and universities. Colleges and universities should improve the teacher development system, improve the teacher development training system, security system, incentive system and supervision system, and create a benign environment conducive to the sustainable development of teachers. Actively respond to the challenge of new science and technology to personnel training and improve teachers’ ability to improve teaching by using information technology. Encourage and support college teachers to visit and study at home and abroad and participate in international exchanges and cooperation. Continue to implement the demonstration training project for young teachers in colleges and universities and the construction project of teaching innovation team for higher vocational teachers. Explore the management of teachers’ training credits, and incorporate training credits into teachers’ assessment.

　　Consolidate the development support service system for college teachers. Coordinate the responsibilities of teacher training, career development consultation, education and teaching guidance, academic development, and learning resource services, build a platform such as a strong teacher development center, and improve the teacher development organization system. Colleges and universities should strengthen the development of teachers and the professionalization of personnel, increase the investment in personnel, funds, venues and other resources for teacher development, and promote the construction of demonstration teacher development centers at all levels. Encourage universities and large and medium-sized enterprises and institutions to build teacher training bases, support the exchange and integration of professional teachers in colleges and universities and talent teams in industry enterprises, and enhance teachers’ practical ability and innovation ability. Give play to the exemplary role of famous teachers and teaching achievement awards.

　　The fourth is to improve the management system of teachers in modern universities and stimulate the innovative vitality of teachers.

　　Improve the employment mechanism of college teachers. Fully implement the autonomy of employing people in colleges and universities, and the relevant government departments do not uniformly organize the employment examination for college personnel, simplifying the entry procedures. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and the actual needs of running a school, colleges and universities independently formulate the employment conditions of teachers and recruit teachers openly. The graduation institution, study experience abroad, study methods, papers and patents shall not be taken as restrictive conditions. Strictly control the selection and employment of college teachers, and implement the dual inspection of ideological and political quality and professional ability. Establish a system linking the pre-job training of new teachers with the qualifications of college teachers. Broaden the channels for selecting and employing people, and increase efforts to attract outstanding talents from domestic and foreign industrial enterprises and professional organizations. According to the requirements, complete and optimize the team of teachers and counselors of ideological and political courses in colleges and universities. Explore the employment experience and social practice experience of industrial enterprises as important conditions for hiring professional teachers in vocational colleges. To study and introduce measures for the appointment and management of foreign teachers and standardize the management of foreign teachers.

　　Speed up the reform of post management of college teachers. Actively explore the implementation of the total staff management in colleges and universities. Colleges and universities adopt diversified employment methods according to law to employ people flexibly, make good use of compilation resources, give priority to ensuring the demand of teaching and scientific research, and tilt towards key disciplines, characteristic disciplines and important management positions. Reasonably set the proportion of post structure of teaching staff and strengthen the construction of staff. We will further promote the post employment reform, implement the post tenure system management, further explore the management methods such as the combination of quasi-employment and long-term employment, and implement and improve the employment mechanism that can be promoted and demoted, and can enter and exit.

　　Strengthen the management of teachers’ education and teaching in colleges and universities. Improve the teaching quality evaluation system, multi-dimensional evaluation of teaching norms, teaching operation, classroom teaching effect, teaching reform and research, teaching awards and other teaching achievements. Strengthen the proportion of teaching achievements and the effectiveness of teaching and educating people in performance distribution, job title evaluation and employment, and post promotion assessment, and take a certain amount of undergraduate (specialized) teaching as a necessary condition for the promotion of teachers’ titles. Taking professors as the basic system, colleges and universities should make it clear that professors should undertake the minimum class hours requirements for college students, and those who fail to meet the requirements will be given unqualified annual or employment assessment.

　　Promote the reform of the professional title system of college teachers. Study and introduce the guiding opinions on the reform of the professional title system of college teachers, and delegate the right of professional title evaluation directly to colleges and universities, which will independently evaluate and appoint them according to their posts. Improve the evaluation criteria for teachers’ professional titles, set evaluation indicators according to different disciplines and different post characteristics, and determine evaluation methods. The study experience abroad, the number of patents and the index requirements for indexing, inclusion and citation of papers are not restrictive conditions. Improve the evaluation mechanism of peer experts and carry out the evaluation of representative achievements. Explore the introduction of contribution evaluation mechanism for teachers who undertake national defense and key core technology research tasks. Improve the process of professional title evaluation, and continue to do a good job in the supervision of professional title evaluation of college teachers.

　　Deepen the reform of the evaluation system for college teachers. Highlight quality orientation, pay attention to evaluating teachers according to their ability, performance and contribution, resolutely reverse the tendency of neglecting teaching and educating people, and overcome the disadvantages of focusing on papers, hats, titles, academic qualifications and awards. Standardize the use of indexes related to papers such as SCI in colleges and universities, avoid the absoluteness in the use of citation data such as SCI, SSCI, A&HCI and CSSCI, resolutely abandon "judging papers by journals" and get rid of "SCI first" in papers. Reasonably set the evaluation cycle and explore long-term evaluation. Pay attention to the combination of individual evaluation and team evaluation. Establish a hierarchical feedback mechanism for assessment results. Establish a linkage mechanism of college evaluation, undergraduate teaching evaluation, subject evaluation and teacher evaluation policies, and optimize and adjust the evaluation indicators that restrict and influence the implementation of teacher evaluation policies.

　　Establish and improve the management system of part-time teachers and part-time teachers. On the premise of performing their duties on campus and not affecting their own jobs, college teachers may, with the consent of the school, take part-time jobs that are closely related to their own disciplines and can give full play to their professional abilities. Localities and universities should establish and improve the management system of teachers’ part-time jobs, standardize teachers’ reasonable part-time jobs, and resolutely punish teachers’ part-time chaos. Encourage colleges and universities to hire off-campus experts and scholars as part-time teachers, improve the management measures for part-time teachers, standardize the selection and employment procedures, clarify the standards, responsibilities, rights and work requirements of part-time teachers, and ensure that part-time teachers have high professional ethics, professional ability and educational level.

　　The fifth is to effectively protect the treatment of college teachers and attract stable first-class talents to teach.

　　Promote the reform of salary system in colleges and universities. Implement the income distribution policy oriented to increasing knowledge value, expand the autonomy of salary distribution in colleges and universities, and explore the establishment of a salary system that conforms to the characteristics of colleges and universities. We will explore the establishment of a system for investigating and comparing the salary level in colleges and universities, improve the mechanism for determining and increasing the salary level in colleges and universities, reasonably determine the salary income level of college teachers on the basis of ensuring the normal adjustment of the basic salary level, and increase the inclination to colleges and universities with high-level talents and heavy teaching and scientific research tasks. The cash reward for the transformation of post scientific and technological achievements obtained by college teachers according to law is included in the total performance salary of the unit in that year, but it is not limited by the total amount and is not included in the total base. Implement policies and regulations such as salary and income distribution incentives for high-level talents, part-time and part-time salary, and starting a business after leaving the post. Encourage universities to set up professorships funded by third parties.

　　Improve the incentive mechanism of internal income distribution in colleges and universities. To implement the autonomy of internal distribution in colleges and universities, colleges and universities should improve the internal income distribution mechanism and performance appraisal methods in combination with the actual situation, and tilt towards teachers who are rooted in the front line of teaching and have outstanding achievements, teachers who have undertaken urgent and dangerous tasks and made outstanding contributions, and teachers who are engaged in basic frontier research, national defense science and technology and other fields. Take part in teaching and research activities, write textbook cases, undertake the task of proposition invigilation, and guide students in graduation design, employment, innovation and entrepreneurship, social practice, student associations, competitions and performances, etc. into the workload. Encourage excellent teachers to undertake the teaching work of continuing education, and bring the relevant workload into the performance appraisal system. Do not directly link the quantitative indicators of scientific research such as the number of papers, patents, projects and project funds with performance salary distribution and rewards, and give full play to the incentive-oriented role of income distribution policy.

　　The sixth is to optimize and improve the talent management service system and cultivate a group of high-level innovative talents.

　　Optimize the talent introduction and education system. Strengthen the strategic orientation of serving the country, strengthen the top-level design of the talent system, give full play to the leading role of major national talent projects, strive to build a high-level innovation team, and cultivate a group of scientists, discipline leaders and young academic talents with international influence. Standardize the introduction of talents, strictly control politics and ethics, and achieve "every citation must be judged." Strengthen the construction of talents in philosophy and social sciences and high-end think tanks in colleges and universities, and gather and train a group of famous teachers in philosophy and social sciences. Adhere to the correct orientation of talent flow, encourage colleges and universities to establish industry self-discipline mechanism and talent flow consultation and communication mechanism, and give play to the role of talent work alliance in colleges and universities. Resolutely put an end to the illegal introduction of talents, and those who leave relevant units and posts within the support period without the consent of the competent department of talent planning will be disqualified from the title of talents and corresponding support.

　　Scientific and rational use of talents. Give full play to the role of talent strategic resources, adhere to the correct orientation of talent use, promote the reform of talent evaluation mechanism by classification, promote the return of all kinds of talent "hats" and talent titles to honor and academic essence, avoid repeated support of similar talent plans, select people according to their posts, and determine their salaries according to their posts, and do not take talent titles as restrictive conditions for undertaking scientific research projects, job titles, appraising awards and degree points. Create an academic environment that encourages innovation and tolerates failure, and leave enough exploration time and trial and error space for talents to carry out research. Strict management of talents after employment, strengthen the assessment of contract performance and role play. Strengthen the care and service for talents, and effectively solve their practical difficulties in work and life.

　　Seventh, fully support the growth of young teachers and cultivate a new force in higher education.

　　Strengthen the training support for young teachers. Encourage colleges and universities to expand the number of postdoctoral recruits and take postdoctoral staff as an important source of supplementary teachers. Establish a diversified supplementary mechanism for young teachers to attract overseas students and foreign outstanding young talents. Encourage young teachers to work in enterprises and institutions and visit high-level universities and research institutes at home and abroad. Encourage colleges and universities to promote and boldly use outstanding young talents. Determine the evaluation cycle of young teachers according to the characteristics of the subject, and encourage bold innovation and continuous research. Young teachers in colleges and universities must have at least one year’s work experience as counselors, class teachers and other students, or work experience in teaching, helping the poor, and participating in foreign aid exchanges between Confucius Institutes and international organizations.

　　Solve the worries of young teachers. Local governments and universities should strengthen overall coordination, guarantee those who meet the guarantee conditions of public rental housing according to policies and regulations, and at the same time, effectively solve the housing difficulties of young teachers through various ways such as developing rental housing, revitalizing and tapping the existing resources in schools, and granting subsidies. Encourage various ways to improve the treatment of young teachers and ensure that young teachers focus on teaching and scientific research. Encourage colleges and universities to cooperate with social forces and the government to set up kindergartens, primary and secondary schools to solve the problem of young teachers’ children entering kindergartens. Pay attention to the physical and mental health of young teachers and care for them.

　　Eighth, strengthen job security and ensure that all policy measures are effective.

　　Improve the organizational security system. Taking the construction of high-quality teachers as the basic work in the construction of colleges and universities, strengthening the main responsibility of schools, and improving the working mechanism of unified leadership and overall coordination of party committees, with teachers’ work, organization, publicity, personnel, educational administration, scientific research and other departments performing their respective duties and cooperating. Establish a system of leading cadres contacting teachers and listen to teachers’ opinions and suggestions regularly. Implement the staff congress system, and guarantee teachers’ right to know, participate, express and supervise according to law. Strengthen the construction of teachers in private colleges and universities, and ensure that teachers in private colleges and universities have the same legal status and equal rights as teachers in public colleges and universities according to law. Strengthen supervision and assessment, and bring the construction of teachers into the scope of university inspection, "double-first-class" construction, teaching and scientific research evaluation, as an important part of the work assessment of party organizations at all levels and cadres in party member. Strengthen the publicity of excellent teachers and typical work, safeguard teachers’ legitimate rights and interests, create a social environment that cares for and supports teachers’ development, and form a good atmosphere in which the whole society respects teachers and values education.

State and municipal people’s governments, provincial committees, offices, departments and bureaus:

"Yunnan Province" 14 th Five-Year Plan "for the Innovation and Development of Biomedical Industry has been agreed by the provincial people’s government and is hereby issued to you, please implement it carefully.

General Office of Yunnan Provincial People’s Government

March 17, 2022

(This piece is publicly released)

In order to accelerate the innovation and development of the biomedical industry, this plan is formulated according to the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development in Yunnan Province and the Outline of Long-term Objectives for the Year 2035, combined with the reality of our province.

I. Development Status and Situation

(A) Development effectiveness

During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the provincial party committee and the provincial government conscientiously implemented the spirit of the important speech of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on his inspection of Yunnan, and on the basis of continuously building eight key industries and world-class "three cards", put forward the strategic deployment of focusing on cultivating five trillion-level pillar industries and eight billion-level advantageous industries and building a modern industrial system. Biomedical industry, as a strategic emerging industry with a focus of 100 billion yuan in our province, has steadily expanded its scale, significantly enhanced its innovation ability, increasingly optimized its policy environment, and continuously improved its economic benefits. Its operating income increased from 124.109 billion yuan in 2015 to 252.145 billion yuan in 2020, with an average annual growth rate of 15.23%, and its added value increased from 36.587 billion yuan in 2015 to 73.14 billion yuan in 2020. The average annual growth rate reached 14.86%, the business income and added value doubled, and a research and production system of biotechnological drugs focusing on vaccines was gradually formed, and a whole industrial chain development system of natural drugs (ethnic Chinese medicines) featuring proprietary Chinese medicines, Chinese herbal pieces, extracts and health products was established.

In 2020, the province’s Chinese herbal medicine planting (breeding) industry will realize an operating income of 51.611 billion yuan; The biomedical manufacturing industry realized an operating income of 59.592 billion yuan; The biomedical commerce and trade industry realized an operating income of 140.942 billion yuan. There are 163 pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises above designated size (including 1 enterprise with operating income exceeding 10 billion yuan and 5 enterprises with 1-10 billion yuan). There are 48 varieties with sales income exceeding 100 million yuan (including 5 varieties exceeding 1 billion yuan and 4 varieties with 500-1 billion yuan). Up to now, there are 9 biomedical enterprises listed on the main board and growth enterprise market in the province.

1. The biotechnology pharmaceutical industry has made breakthrough development.

In 2020, the province’s biological products manufacturing industry above designated size represented by vaccines achieved an operating income of 5.357 billion yuan, accounting for 15.6% of the operating income of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry above designated size. There are 13 vaccine varieties on the market, and the operating income of vaccine enterprises has increased from 800 million yuan in 2009 to 4.8 billion yuan in 2020, and the biotechnology drug industry has made breakthrough progress. The inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine independently developed by the Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences was launched in December 2015, and the annual operating income of a single variety was nearly 2 billion yuan. The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine developed by watson biological was launched in July 2017, with an operating income of 688 million yuan in 2020; The first trivalent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine in China and the second trivalent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine in the world went on the market in April 2020, with an operating income of 1.658 billion yuan in the first year, and the market prospect is considerable. Some traditional pharmaceutical companies and scientific research units have accelerated the layout and development of biotechnological drugs. Suparutide injection, a long-acting hypoglycemic drug developed by Kunyao Group, has obtained clinical approval, and Sino Pharmaceutical has carried out research on new drugs of humanized CD22 antibody immunotoxin 1.1.

2 Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) industry scale

In recent years, the traditional Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) industry in our province has become the main force to promote the development of biomedical industry from small to large and from weak to strong. 60 "Hometowns of Yunyao" and 103 "Pharmaceutical Parks" have become the new force to improve the quality and brand of Chinese herbal medicines. In 2020, the main business income of planting (breeding) and product processing of Chinese herbal medicines in the province will exceed 100 billion yuan, among which the processing and manufacturing of Chinese herbal medicines above designated size, such as proprietary Chinese medicines, Chinese herbal pieces, extracts and health products, will achieve an operating income of about 48 billion yuan, accounting for over 80% of the main business income of biomedical industries above designated size. The planting area of Chinese herbal medicines exceeds 9 million mu, the planting area of 15 varieties of Chinese herbal medicines, such as Panax notoginseng, Paris polyphylla, Dendrobium, Amomum villosum and Radix Aucklandiae, exceeds 100,000 mu, and the standardized planting base of Chinese herbal medicines covers an area of 1.46 million mu, including 22,000 mu of green certification base and 126,000 mu of organic certification base. Sanqi, Erigeron breviscapus industry has formed a whole industrial chain layout of planting, processing, R&D and production, which has played a very prominent role in demonstrating the development of traditional Chinese medicine industry in the province. Panax notoginseng industry has achieved standardization and standardized planting, and developed relatively complete back-end products such as decoction pieces, preparations and health products, which has become a big variety second only to ginseng. The planting area of the whole province is about 400,000 mu, and the agricultural output value is about 6 billion yuan. A number of Chinese patent medicines and injections such as Panax notoginseng decoction pieces, Xuesaitong soft capsules, Xuesaitong for injection (freeze-dried powder injection), Xuesaitong tablets, Xuesaitong capsules, Panax notoginseng saponins and Xuesaitong injection, etc.

3. The chemical medicine industry has developed steadily.

In 2020, the chemical preparation manufacturing industry and the chemical raw material medicine manufacturing industry above designated size will realize an operating income of 3.52 billion yuan, accounting for 10.2% of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry above designated size. Initially gathered a number of chemical pharmaceutical enterprises such as Jida Pharmaceutical, Baker Norton, Haobang Pharmaceutical, Sino Pharmaceutical, Longhai Pharmaceutical and Guiyan Pharmaceutical; Longjin Pharmaceutical, Haobang Pharmaceutical and Plant Pharmaceutical cooperated with Indian generic drug companies to actively introduce Indian generic drug varieties to Yunnan; Nine varieties, including amoxicillin capsules, chlorphenamine maleate tablets and ambroxol hydrochloride injection, passed the consistency evaluation of chemical generic drugs.

4. Remarkable achievements have been made in biomedical science and technology innovation.

Driven by scientific and technological innovation, the biomedical industry has gradually embarked on a high-quality development track. Sabin inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine, EV71 inactivated enterovirus vaccine, 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine and other fist products have been listed one after another, and some varieties are undergoing WHO pre-certification; Covid-19 inactivated pneumonia vaccine, F gene mumps live attenuated vaccine, nine-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, rotavirus inactivated vaccine and tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine are in the clinical research stage, which has provided strong support for the rapid development of the vaccine industry during the Tenth Five-Year Plan. Ten innovative drugs, such as KPCXM18, a natural medicine for treating ischemic stroke, Duanjin Jiedu Capsule, a 6-class Chinese medicine, Suparutide injection, and a 1.1-class new drug of bungarus multicinctus venom, were approved by the national drug clinical approval. Winona series products, with authentic Yunnan medicinal materials as the main raw materials, have developed into an important functional skin care brand in China. "Key Technology Creation and Industrial Application of Comprehensive Development of Panax notoginseng" won the second prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award, "Key Technology and Application of Standardization and Industrial Development of Panax notoginseng" won the first prize of Yunnan Science and Technology Progress Award, and three standards of Panax notoginseng, seeds and seedlings and Gastrodia elata passed the international quality standard certification. Panax notoginseng saponins and breviscapine have passed GRAS (generally considered safe) certification recognized by FDA, and entered the catalogue of American botanical medicine raw materials;Tongshu capsule and Xuesaitong soft capsule were approved by FDA to carry out phase II clinical research.

Around the great demand of the development of biomedical industry, a number of R&D service platforms have been built, such as Yunnan Biovaccine Technology Innovation Center, Yunnan Drug Non-clinical Safety Evaluation Research Center, Yunnan Natural Drug Activity Screening and Evaluation Center, Yunnan Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Yunnan Flower Aromatic Health Products R&D Center, and Yunnan Chinese Medicine Seed Breeding R&D Center. By the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan, there were 47 provincial key laboratories in the biomedical field, 20 engineering technology research centers, 19 engineering research centers, 10 clinical medical research centers and 4 academicians of the two academies in the province, and 12 provincial science and technology leaders were trained, 54 provincial high-level talents were introduced, 4 high-level innovation and entrepreneurship teams were introduced, 553 provincial young and middle-aged academic and technological leaders and 553 provincial innovative talents were trained.

5. Bio-pharmaceutical industry has achieved initial results by attracting big and strong players.

Yunnan Baiyao Group introduced social capital to complete the mixed reform, and the development of the group entered the fast lane; China Resources Sanjiu acquired Kunming Shenghuo Pharmaceutical, and the company’s operating income increased significantly; Guizhou Bailing invested in Yunnan plant pharmaceutical industry, focusing on characteristic products, optimizing product structure, and implementing large-variety brand strategy. The scale of the enterprise has maintained rapid growth for many years. Well-known enterprises inside and outside the province, such as Sinopharm Group, Shanghai Pharmaceutical Group, Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Group, Tasly Pharmaceutical, Kangenbei Pharmaceutical, Shenwei Pharmaceutical, New Green Pharmaceutical, Beijing Tongying, Fangsheng Pharmaceutical, Jilin Xingshen, Hong Kong Juzhang and Shenzhen Botton, have landed in Yunnan and actively participated in the healthy development of the biomedical industry.

(B) Advantages and shortcomings

1. Location advantage

Yunnan has outstanding geographical advantages, bordering Guizhou and Guangxi in the east, Sichuan in the north, Xizang in the northwest, and Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam in the west and south. It is an important channel connecting South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean region, and an important intersection of the "Belt and Road" construction and the national development strategy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The biomedical industry has a huge potential market, which can be built on the basis of vaccines and traditional Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) industries.

2. Resource advantages

Yunnan has obvious three-dimensional climate characteristics, many types, beautiful mountains and rivers, pleasant climate and outstanding biodiversity characteristics. It is known as the "plant kingdom", "animal kingdom", "microbial kingdom", "hometown of medicinal materials" and "treasure house of biological genes", and is the province with the richest biological resources, natural medicines and ethnic medicine resources in China. According to the statistics of the third national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources, there are 6,559 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine resources in the province, accounting for 51.4% of the total number of kinds in the country, more than 2,000 kinds of ethnic medicine resources and more than 10,000 folk prescriptions.

3. Advantages of industrial base

Notoginseng Radix, Rhizoma Paridis Yunnanensis, Erigeron breviscapus, Dendrobium candidum, Fructus Amomi, Rhizoma Gastrodiae, Poria Yunensis, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Aucklandiae, Radix Gentianae Yunnanensis and other "Top Ten Yunyao" brand medicinal materials have excellent quality and are widely recognized in the industry. It has built a domestic raw material base for high-quality natural medicines and health products. The large varieties of Yi medicine represented by Yunnan Baiyao, the unique ethnic medicines such as Dai and Naxi, and the unique ethnic medical technologies such as Dai medicine, which are in the same strain as the traditional medical systems of neighboring countries, provide rich ethnic medical resources for the innovation, inheritance and development of traditional Chinese medicine and the opening up of markets for South Asian and Southeast Asian countries. Gu Fangzhou, known as the "father of polio vaccine in China", engaged in the research of live attenuated polio vaccine in Yunnan, established the method of isolation and finalization of polio virus, formulated the trial production and safety standards of live polio vaccine, and formulated the "Rules for the manufacture and verification of live polio vaccine", which guided the production and identification of billions of vaccines in China and laid a solid foundation for the rapid development of vaccine industry in our province.

4. Shortcomings of rapid industrial development

First, the industry is small in scale and weak in competitiveness. The overall scale of Yunnan’s biomedical industry is small. Among the top 500 main business incomes of the national pharmaceutical industry, there are only 10 in Yunnan. The overall competitiveness of the biomedical industry, which is dominated by traditional Chinese medicine, is weak, especially affected by the national medical reform policies such as the catalogue of auxiliary drugs of traditional Chinese medicine, the catalogue of medical insurance, and the consistency evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine injections. The scale of biomedical manufacturing industry has declined slightly for two consecutive years.

Second, the industrial structure is not excellent and the industrial chain is incomplete. The development of standardized planting (breeding) bases of Chinese herbal medicines lags behind, the phenomenon of small varieties of Chinese herbal medicines is prominent, the research foundation is uneven, and the competitiveness of products is generally weak; Vaccines are the main biotechnological drugs, but the pipelines of antibody drugs, biological similar drugs, cell products, blood products and other products are not rich, and the upstream and downstream supporting industries are basically blank; Small amount of chemicals, lack of original research drugs and high-end generic drugs; The development level of medical devices and veterinary drugs is low.

Third, the core competitiveness of enterprises is weak, and the degree of specialization of the park is low. There are few well-known enterprises and leading enterprises, leading enterprises are not aware of advanced layout and innovative R&D activities, and the industry is not leading enough; Insufficient investment in research and development, lack of influential and innovative varieties, and weak core competitiveness; The level of professional development of biomedical industrial park is not high, the supporting system is not perfect, and the public R&D and service capabilities are weak.

Fourth, innovation ability is not strong, and high-level talents are lacking. The research and development system of new drug creation is imperfect, the resources are scattered, and the technical level is not high, which does not match the needs of the industrial chain; Lack of forward-looking scientific research ability for common technologies, key technologies and cutting-edge technologies needed for rapid industrial development; There are few innovative products in other industries except vaccines; The linkage between enterprises and scientific research institutions is not close, and the contradiction between supply and demand in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is prominent; Lack of high-level R&D innovation centers and insufficient public R&D service platforms such as drug safety evaluation (GLP), drug clinical evaluation (GCP) and contract R&D institutions (CRO); There is a serious shortage of high-level innovative talents, management talents and teams.

Fifth, brand building is not enough, and market development ability is weak. Enterprises are weak in coping with industrial policies such as medical reform, drug review and approval, and drug production supervision, and weak in market cultivation and brand building of their own products; There is a lack of systematic publicity highlighting the advantages and characteristics, insufficient excavation of superior Chinese herbal medicine varieties, time-honored traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic medicine culture, and weak brand building and market promotion of "Yunyao".

(3) Opportunities and challenges

1. Health needs are increasing.

With the increase of sub-health population and the acceleration of population aging, people’s demand for health products has increased rapidly; The demand for health consumption has changed from medical treatment to disease prevention, health care and health promotion; The national new medical reform plan puts the prevention and control of diseases in the first place, and pays more attention to "preventing diseases before they occur". Traditional Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) will be promising.

2. Building a domestic and international dual cycle will bring new opportunities for industrial development.

The COVID-19 epidemic has had a great impact on the global industrial chain and supply chain. It is an inevitable requirement to maintain a stable and healthy economic development by adjusting the economic development path, opening up the international circulation, smoothing the domestic circulation, coordinating development and security, enhancing the autonomy, sustainability and resilience of economic development. Seize the development opportunities brought by the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP), make full use of Yunnan’s geographical advantages in connecting South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean region, and exchange the traditional medicine with neighboring countries, realize the smooth connection with the biomedical industry in South Asia and Southeast Asia, and accelerate the construction of a new international and domestic dual-cycle development pattern.

3. The epidemic situation in COVID-19 affected the development pattern of pharmaceutical industry.

After the outbreak of COVID-19, COVID-19’s vaccine research and development and production have become the focus of international competition in the field of biotechnology drugs, which puts forward new requirements for the corresponding research and development technology system, experimental evaluation, manufacturing capacity level and organizational management efficiency. With the development of modern biotechnology such as genetic engineering, cell engineering, tissue engineering, biosynthesis, bioinformatics and precision medicine, biotechnological drugs such as vaccines and antibody drugs have become the main direction of the transformation and upgrading of the biomedical industry. The competitive advantages of prescription and medicine represented by "three drugs and three parties" are prominent, and the modern innovative Chinese medicine with clear mechanism of action and definite clinical effect has obvious competitiveness. The demand for medical materials represented by ventilators, testing reagents, medical masks and protective clothing has surged, which has promoted the development of the medical device industry.

4. Competition in domestic pharmaceutical industry is becoming increasingly fierce.

All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) take biomedicine as a priority industry, and Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Guangdong and other provinces (municipalities) have been at the forefront of the country by virtue of their own geographical, policy, talent and technical advantages; Shandong, Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangxi and other provinces have also accelerated the pace of industrial development, and the competition between regions has become increasingly fierce. The reorganization of enterprises in the industry is frequent, and super-large enterprises are constantly emerging. The development trend of agglomeration is obvious, full of opportunities and challenges.

5. The medical reform policy forces the pharmaceutical industry to develop with high quality.

The research and development, production and sales of pharmaceutical products are highly dependent on policy factors, and the industrial development is deeply influenced by policy regulation. The continuous adjustment of various policies, such as drug supervision, the catalogue of traditional Chinese medicine auxiliary drugs and the new medical insurance catalogue, has prompted pharmaceutical enterprises to increase investment in research and development, take a higher quality development path, change from extensive development to refined development mode, and change products from imitation to original innovation. At the same time, information technology represented by mobile medical care, cloud computing, big data and Internet of Things has begun to penetrate into all aspects of the biomedical industry.

6. Competition for innovative drugs has intensified.

At present, the research and development of major innovative drugs are still led by well-known multinational companies, and the competition for technology, talents and funds in the biomedical industry is extremely fierce. Large pharmaceutical companies focus on developing innovative drugs for clinical value in the fields of biotechnology drugs and chemical drugs, while expanding new indications of existing products and expanding upstream and downstream business chains. Pharmaceutical companies with obvious competitive advantages in core products, diversified products and outstanding R&D capabilities will have stronger competitiveness and anti-risk ability. The global vaccine industry presents an oligopoly pattern, with the top 10 companies accounting for 95.7% of the total vaccine market share, and the four vaccine giants GSK (GlaxoSmithKline), Merck, Sanofi and Pfizer accounting for about 80% of the total market share. In the future, the global vaccine market has great growth potential and will grow rapidly with a compound annual growth rate of 10%. The rapid development of frontier technologies such as gene therapy and cell therapy is expected to form major innovative drugs and new supporting technologies. The patents of the top 10 original drugs in global sales, such as Hummel, Merlot and Avastin, are about to expire, and generic drugs and bio-similar drugs are expected to usher in new opportunities. From the national situation, the major achievements of new drug research and development are mainly concentrated in Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and other places, and innovative enterprises led by new drug research and development, such as Hengrui Pharma and Wuxi PharmaTech, have a strong development momentum.

Second, the development ideas, principles and objectives

(A) development ideas

Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, we will fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the previous plenary sessions of the 19th National Congress, thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the important speech of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary on his visit to Yunnan, conscientiously implement the decision-making arrangements of the provincial party committee and government, grasp the new development stage, implement the new development concept, serve and integrate into the new development pattern, adhere to the problem-oriented, goal-oriented and result-oriented, take innovation as the core, quality as the foundation, and take enterprises as the main body. Market-oriented, focusing on the three key areas of biotechnological drugs, modern Chinese medicine and health products, we will focus on attracting investment accurately, strengthening the main body of enterprises, enhancing innovation ability, building industrial clusters, promoting industrial development with engineering measures, building domestic first-class R&D and production bases of biological vaccines and modern Chinese medicine, domestic top-quality raw materials bases of natural drugs and health products, and biomedical trade bases facing South Asia and Southeast Asia, forming an industrial cluster with important influence in the country, and realizing the high-quality development of Yunnan biomedical industry.

(2) Basic principles

1. Innovation-driven, quality-improved development

Around the industrial chain, deploy innovation chain, build a batch of high-level public service platforms and professional R&D platforms, break through a batch of technologies, reserve a batch of achievements, develop a batch of products and transform a batch of achievements, and promote the high-quality development of Yunnan biomedical industry.

2. Based on advantages and outstanding features

Based on the advantages of Yunnan’s location, ecology, environment, resources and nationality, we will highlight the characteristics of biological vaccines, authentic medicinal materials, ethnic medicine, classic and famous prescriptions, proven prescriptions and cell technology, strengthen product quality and standards, and accelerate industrial transformation and upgrading.

3. Government guidance and market dominance

Innovate institutional mechanisms, rationally allocate resources, break through policy bottlenecks, cultivate and expand market players, release enterprise vitality and market potential, and build a sound market system and policy system.

4. Open cooperation and push forward together.

Improve the soft and hard environment, expand the domestic and foreign markets, and support local enterprises to become bigger and stronger; Introduce well-known enterprises and scientific research achievements to expand the increment; Attracting scientific research institutes from outside the province to develop in Yunnan, jointly cultivating talents, focusing on R&D and innovation, and forming a strong synergy to promote industrial development.

(III) Overall objectives

By 2025, the operating income of the biomedical industry will achieve the goal of "ensuring four guarantees and competing for five", that is, it will reach 400 billion yuan and strive to reach 500 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of more than 10%. Among them, the biomedical manufacturing industry will achieve an operating income of more than 150 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of more than 20%. The added value of biomedical industry reached 120 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of more than 10%. Strive for the biological vaccine industry to achieve the number and value of batch issuance. Facing 2035, we will focus on key markets, increase promotion, actively tap the domestic market, vigorously explore the South Asia and Southeast Asia markets, further enhance the influence and market share of the brand "Yunyao", and build Yunnan into a biomedical R&D innovation and product production and trade center with distinctive characteristics of serving the whole country and radiating South Asia and Southeast Asia, and build an industrial cluster with important influence in the country.

-do it on a large scale. By 2025, we will cultivate more than one enterprise (group) with operating income exceeding 50 billion yuan, more than five enterprises (groups) exceeding 10 billion yuan, more than five enterprises (groups) exceeding 5 billion yuan, more than 20 enterprises (groups) exceeding 1 billion yuan and more than 70 enterprises exceeding 100 million yuan.

-strengthen varieties. By 2025, more than 10 varieties with sales income exceeding 1 billion yuan and more than 60 varieties with sales income exceeding 100 million yuan will be cultivated.

-do an excellent structure. By 2025, the leading development of biotechnological drugs will be realized, modern Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) will be upgraded and developed, dual-use products for medicine and food will develop by leaps and bounds, and chemical drugs and medical devices will make breakthroughs.

-fill in the short board. We will build and upgrade a number of public R&D and service platforms around biotechnology drugs, modern Chinese medicine and chemical drugs, break through a number of key core technologies, and develop a number of competitive and innovative products.

Third, key tasks

Around the biomedical industry chain, deploy innovation chain, promote the organic integration of industry chain and policy chain, innovation chain, capital chain, supply chain, talent chain and value chain, focus on key core technologies, fill the shortcomings of the platform and increase high-quality varieties. Strengthen leading enterprises and enhance manufacturing capacity. Optimize the industrial layout, strengthen the construction of the park, and form industrial agglomeration. Enhance the brand of "Yunyao", revitalize the stock, introduce increments, expand the total amount, and realize the high-quality development of the biomedical industry.

(1) Strengthen varieties and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of biomedical manufacturing.

Give priority to the development of biological vaccines, modern Chinese medicines (ethnic medicines), Chinese herbal pieces and chemical medicines, vigorously develop biotechnological medicines such as antibody medicines, gene technology, cell therapy and blood products, as well as health products, detection and diagnosis reagents, medium and high-end medical devices, strengthen the research and innovation of biotechnological medicines, modern Chinese medicines, natural medicines, generic medicines, new preparations and health care products, and support the internationalization of vaccines, modern Chinese medicines and medical devices. Focusing on increasing investment in scientific and technological innovation, building a number of well-known enterprises and brand products, introducing large enterprises and groups, encouraging enterprises to acquire and merge, and promoting international development, we will promote digital and intelligent manufacturing and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of biomedical manufacturing.

1. Key development areas

(1) Biotechnology drugs focusing on vaccines

The biotechnology pharmaceutical industry focusing on vaccines is the fastest-growing field in the biomedical industry in our province, and efforts should be made to improve the upstream and downstream industrial chains, enhance the research and development capacity of new vaccines, accelerate the construction of a rapid response system for major infectious diseases, strengthen frontier basic research, and enrich product pipelines.

Focus on Kunming and Yuxi to build biotechnology pharmaceutical industrial bases focusing on vaccines, and vigorously develop new biological vaccines, antibody drugs, biological analogues, cell preparations, blood products such as albumin, coagulation factors and immunoglobulin, and other new products of proteins, peptides and nucleic acids. Enlarge and strengthen the existing biotechnology drug enterprises, encourage vaccine enterprises to build digital and intelligent production lines, and improve the production technology level. Guide enterprises in the province to build, acquire and merge R&D institutions at home and abroad, build a quality system, R&D system and production technology system that are in line with international standards, promote the international registration and WHO pre-certification of biological vaccine products, build a vaccine production and supply base that meets international quality standards and a leading domestic monoclonal antibody drug industry base, increase open cooperation with South Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, Europe and the United States, and open up markets in South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean Rim.

Traditional vaccines: enterprises are encouraged to develop univalent vaccines, multivalent vaccines and multiplex vaccines with attenuated, detoxified and inactivated products based on pathogenic microorganisms and their metabolites, so as to promote the secondary development and upgrading of biological vaccines.

New vaccines: break through the key core technologies such as efficient genetic engineering construction technology of virus species and strains, screening research technology of pathogen antigen components, bacterial polysaccharide-protein binding technology, large-scale animal cell culture technology, new vaccine adjuvant technology, genetic engineering technology, genetic engineering recombination technology, non-human primate model evaluation, and carry out research and development and transformation of new vaccines such as nucleic acid vaccine, synthetic peptide vaccine, genetic engineering vaccine and recombination vaccines. Increase the forward-looking research and development of mRNA technology in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, AIDS, genetic diseases, rare diseases, tumors and other major diseases.

Antibody, protein and nucleic acid drugs: develop monoclonal antibody drugs, neutralizing antibodies, bispecific antibodies, antibody-coupled drugs (ADC), biological analogues, recombinant protein drugs, polypeptide drugs and nucleic acid drugs for diseases such as tumor, immune system, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and infections.

Animal vaccines: Encourage the research and development of veterinary vaccines such as Class A epidemic vaccines, multi-animal co-morbid vaccines, vaccines for cattle and sheep, vaccines for pigs, vaccines for poultry, and vaccines for pets.

Cell preparation: within the scope permitted by policies and regulations, encourage and standardize the research and development of cell therapy products including stem cells and immune cells; We will carry out research on a series of standards and technical systems such as preparation, quality inspection and safety evaluation of clinical-grade cell products and derivatives, improve their safety, effectiveness and quality controllability, and accelerate the research on clinical application norms of cell therapy.

Blood products: introduce and develop blood products, focusing on the development of coagulation factors, thrombin, human albumin, human fibrinogen, immunoglobulin and other products. Within the scope permitted by the policy, the layout of plasma raw materials will be increased by adding plasma collection stations.

Other biotechnologies: Accelerate the construction of a synthetic biotechnology innovation system, support the research on genome design and synthesis, and provide technical support for basic research on new biological treatment methods, vaccines, materials and disease control.

Make use of the advantages of genetic resources in our province to develop the biomedical industry of non-human primates and carry out research on the protection and rational utilization of human genetic resources; Carry out research on transplant organ cultivation technology and xenotransplantation technology.

(2) Modern Chinese medicine represented by formula granules.

Focus on the quality upgrade, secondary development, new indications mining, economic evaluation, clinical value-oriented research on safety and clinical efficacy evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine, and innovative drug development of traditional Chinese medicine, and make efforts in the research on local standards of characteristic Chinese herbal pieces, quality standards that meet the requirements of Pharmacopoeia, effectiveness and safety evaluation, production process improvement, and automation, intelligence and information construction of production and processing.

Focus on Kunming, Yuxi, Chuxiong, Dali, Wenshan, Baoshan, Pu ‘er, Honghe and other cities to develop modern Chinese medicine. On the basis of medicinal animal and plant resources such as Panax notoginseng, Erigeron breviscapus, Gastrodia elata, Paris polyphylla, Periplaneta americana, leech, etc., and taking the development of characteristic ethnic medicines such as Yi medicine and Dai medicine as a breakthrough, we will speed up the cultivation of large varieties of modern Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) preparations, create a number of brand products, and make Yunnan medicine industry bigger and stronger. Based on classic prescriptions, proven prescriptions and hospital preparations, we will develop innovative Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) and epidemic prevention preparations covering the whole life cycle of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation for the prevention and treatment of major diseases such as malignant tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, emerging infectious diseases and AIDS. Guided by clinical value, we will carry out material basic research, safety evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine and clinical efficacy research, and explore the construction of a three-in-one evidence system of "Chinese medicine theory-human experience-clinical trial" for the research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine. Adopt modern biotechnology, advanced pharmaceutical technology and preparation technology to promote the application of biocatalysis and transformation, refining, extraction and separation in the research and development of modern Chinese medicine.

In Kunming, Chuxiong, Wenshan, Zhaotong, Pu ‘er, Baoshan, Lijiang and other major producing areas, the production base of Chinese herbal pieces will be laid out, with the focus on building Chuxiong into a national first-class industrial base of Chinese herbal formula granules. Form more than 10 brand enterprises producing Chinese herbal pieces and local standards for formula granules of more than 100 varieties. Strengthen cooperation with state-level research institutions and well-known domestic enterprises, carry out research on quality standards of traditional Chinese medicine formula granules and upgrade the processing and production technology, and establish a quality standard system, a safety evaluation system and a clinical trial research system for traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces that meet the requirements of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia and international standards. Carry out the equivalent test and production technology research of formula granules, and establish the processing technology and quality evaluation method of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces combined with modern science and technology. Develop new modern technologies, equipment and facilities such as extraction, concentration, drying and granulation, apply blockchain traceability technology to improve online quality control, establish a traceability system for processing and production of Chinese herbal pieces, and build a number of intelligent production lines of Chinese herbal pieces with advanced technology and strict quality control.

We will build a research center for ethnic medicine focusing on Yi medicine, Dai medicine and Tibetan medicine, systematically excavate and sort out ethnic medicine documents of Yi, Dai, Tibetan, Naxi, Wa and Hani nationalities, and carry out clinical application of traditional ethnic medicine therapy and its ancillary products and theoretical research on ethnic medicine. Relying on ethnic medicine resources, develop external preparations. Strengthen the research and development and clinical application of preparations in ethnic medicine hospitals, and carry out research and development of new ethnic medicine with clear mechanism, high technology content and reliable curative effect.

Build a characteristic industrial cluster of Sanqi, and build Sanqi into the first brand of traditional Chinese medicine in China. We will build a Sanqi industrial innovation consortium with enterprises as the main body, and gather superior resources inside and outside the province to carry out key technology research and transformation and application of achievements. Develop innovative drugs for prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; Focusing on the large varieties and exclusive varieties of traditional Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) such as Sanqi series and Dengzhanhua series, we will increase the re-evaluation after listing and the secondary development of "new use of old drugs", and carry out research on the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine such as "Xuesaitong+aspirin"; Strengthen the biosynthesis and application of panax notoginseng saponins, scutellarin, Paris polyphylla saponins and other extracts; Carry out research on the processing technology and technology of traditional Chinese medicines such as Panax Notoginseng while fresh, and formulate standards for new-type decoction pieces such as formula granules and powder decoction pieces of characteristic varieties such as Panax Notoginseng and Gastrodia elata which meet the standards of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia; To study and formulate EU Pharmacopoeia standards for Sanqi formula granules, panax pseudo-ginseng and other products, so as to enhance the international popularity and influence of Sanqi.

Regional cooperation in the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) should be carried out for South Asia and Southeast Asia, international multi-center clinical trials and international registration of traditional Chinese medicine preparations with good clinical effect and clear mechanism of action should be carried out, and a modern standard production system and quality evaluation system of traditional Chinese medicine should be constructed according to international standards.

(3) Health products based on natural extracts.

Continue to strengthen the research on the material basis of effective active ingredients of animals and plants, increase the development and application of extracts, strengthen the development of high-quality health products, and cultivate brand products with market competitiveness and scale effect.

Focus on Kunming, Yuxi, Chuxiong, Pu ‘er, Xishuangbanna, Lijiang, Wenshan and other cities to build health product research and development and production bases, and develop high value-added health products. Focus on health care products and daily chemical products such as Sanqi series, Dendrobium series and microalgae series, and build a number of brand products with sales income exceeding 1 billion yuan. Introduce well-known enterprises at home and abroad, cultivate some leading enterprises, and promote Yunnan’s health products to South Asia and Southeast Asia.

Construction of Yunnan laboratory for extracting characteristic plants. Focusing on plant extraction and scientific and technological innovation in the whole industrial chain of health products, we will systematically carry out basic research, product development and achievement transformation, and build a platform for functional evaluation and inspection of health foods and cosmetics. Using modern biotechnology, we will strengthen the research on the efficacy and application of animal and plant-derived ingredients, cultivate and expand a number of intensive processing backbone enterprises in the main raw material producing areas in view of the needs of food, medicine, health care products, daily chemical products, feed products and other related industries, and promote the extraction and processing of characteristic Chinese herbal medicines such as Panax notoginseng, Periplaneta americana and leech, as well as the raw materials of characteristic health products such as stevia rebaudiana, eucalyptus globulus, marigold, maca, rose, microalgae and aloe, and research and development. Improve the extraction and separation technology and quality level of panax notoginseng saponins, breviscapine, tea polyphenols, coenzyme Q10, paclitaxel, borneol and other extract products, as well as eucalyptus oil, citronella oil, rose oil, rosemary and other essence and fragrance products. Taking notoginseng, gastrodia elata, Dendrobium nobile, Polygonatum sibiricum, Amomum villosum and other medicinal and edible Chinese herbal medicines as raw materials, and special biological resources such as microalgae, Moringa oleifera, walnuts and flowers as raw materials, we have researched and developed various health products such as medicated diet, medicated wine, medicated tea and drinks, as well as a series of health foods, aromatic products and daily necessities with the functions of resisting oxidation, losing weight, enhancing immunity, relieving anxiety, relieving depression, assisting in improving memory and caring skin. Focus on developing and producing a batch of formula foods with strong pertinence and high patient acceptance, which are suitable for surgery, nephrology, oncology, pediatrics and geriatric rehabilitation.

Improve the development level of Panax notoginseng extract. In-depth study of extracts from different parts such as flowers, stems, leaves, roots, etc., and development of Sanqi series health food, special diet products, oral care, medical beauty skin care and other daily necessities in different dosage forms such as tablets, capsules and oral preparations, enriching product structure and expanding application fields; Improve the extraction technology and product quality level of panax notoginseng saponins, polysaccharides and panax notoginseng elements; Study and formulate international standards for the extraction of characteristic raw materials such as Panax notoginseng, and accelerate the internationalization of Panax notoginseng.

2. Rapid development areas

(1) Chemical drugs

Further improve the industrial chain, improve the research and development capabilities of original drugs and generic drugs, and improve the research and development level of high-end preparations.

Focus on Kunming, Chuxiong and other cities to build R&D and production bases for chemical drugs and chemical raw materials, and carry out R&D and industrialization of innovative drugs, improved new drugs, generic drugs and chemical raw materials.

Strengthen the joint development of "intermediates+APIs+chemicals". Improve the production technology of platinum anti-tumor raw materials and steroid hormone raw materials. Encourage enterprises to buy varieties with high clinical value at home and abroad and enterprises with great development potential to enter Yunnan for development. Develop chemical raw materials, auxiliary materials and packaging materials industries in areas with resources and environmental carrying capacity, and develop a number of chemical synthetic drugs with characteristics, potential and competitiveness. Strengthen exchanges and cooperation with Israel, India and other countries in the research and development of generic drugs, and explore the construction of an international cooperation base for the research and development of generic drugs.

Guide key enterprises and scientific research institutions to focus on the development of innovative drugs for major diseases such as malignant tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, mental diseases, viral infections, etc., especially chemical innovative drugs and improved new drugs with new targets and new mechanisms of action. Carry out research and development of high-end preparations, develop new dosage forms with good clinical substitution for varieties and dosage forms that are clinically necessary and have great side effects, and promote the research and development of sustained and controlled release, targeted, transdermal, mucosal and carrier drug delivery systems. Develop Yunnan plant resources, discover and develop new natural chemical drugs. To carry out the imitation of drugs needed for the treatment of major infectious diseases and rare diseases, drugs needed for the disposal of public health emergencies, drugs used by children, and original drugs whose patents are about to expire. Carry out research and development and green production technology innovation in the fields of chemical raw materials and pharmaceutical intermediates; Carry out the construction of the process technology system for the biosynthesis of important pharmaceutical monomer compounds such as panax notoginseng saponins and breviscapine.

(2) Medical devices

Give full play to the advantages of China (Yunnan) Pilot Free Trade Zone (hereinafter referred to as FTZ) and Border Economic Cooperation Zone, speed up the construction of medical device production and trade system for South Asia and Southeast Asia, develop high-tech and high value-added products, and establish an effective linkage mechanism between medical institutions and medical device industry.

We will build medical device industrial parks in Central Yunnan New District, Qujing, Yuxi, Free Trade Zone and Border Economic Cooperation Zone, build medical device R&D and production, inspection and testing, and trade distribution bases for South Asia and Southeast Asia markets, and build the most complete medical device industrial park in Southwest China.

In view of the market demand in South Asia and Southeast Asia, we will introduce domestic and foreign leading or advantageous enterprises in high-end medical devices and biomaterials to build medical device production bases and supporting industrial chains, cultivate high-end medical device enterprises, and promote the development of upstream and downstream industries of medical devices. Support the construction of a production base that meets the quality management standards for medical device production, build a public R&D and production platform for medical devices, build a high-grade medical device life-cycle detection technology service platform based on units with good foundation, and attract enterprises, research institutions, talent teams and technological achievements to Yunnan to carry out the transformation and industrialization of achievements. We will build a number of leading enterprises in the production of in vitro diagnostic reagents, dentures and disposable infusion devices, and promote the development of industries such as medical devices, new biomaterials, high-end pharmaceutical packaging materials and high-quality pharmaceutical excipients.

Develop technologies and products such as gene detection, biological detection chip and in vitro immunodiagnosis, and develop in vitro diagnostic equipment and reagents such as major emerging infectious diseases and tumor diseases; Accelerate the research and development of new biomaterials, and carry out research and development of new biomaterials such as biomedical materials, tissue engineering materials, bio-based materials and medical and health materials; Carry out research and development and production of high-end consumables such as orthopedic instruments, and build a production base of high-end orthopedic consumables in southwest China; Carry out research and development of TCM diagnosis and treatment instruments and equipment, rehabilitation instruments and equipment, and sports therapy equipment with ethnic characteristics; Carry out the development and industrialization of "big data+artificial intelligence+medical care" instruments and equipment, and develop digital and multifunctional mobile monitoring equipment and wearable products, rehabilitation AIDS and optometry-related products.

(3) Veterinary drugs

Further guide enterprises and scientific research institutions, strengthen investment in veterinary drug research and development, enhance the research and development ability of veterinary drugs, and give full play to the advantages of resources to develop innovative products of veterinary drugs.

Strengthen the cooperation between animal medicine enterprises and scientific research institutions inside and outside the province, and develop or introduce a new generation of animal vaccines and innovative products for veterinary medicine. Improve the quality and production capacity of a number of veterinary drugs, such as bovine O-type and A-type foot-and-mouth disease inactivated vaccine, pig O-type foot-and-mouth disease inactivated vaccine, pig double O-type foot-and-mouth disease inactivated vaccine, hog cholera live vaccine (subculture cell source), piglet paratyphoid, Newcastle disease and so on.

Focus on Kunming, Baoshan, Dali and other cities with veterinary drug industry base to actively develop veterinary drug industry. Increase the research and development of livestock and poultry disease prevention vaccines and pet vaccine products such as cattle, sheep, pigs and chickens; Develop a batch of veterinary traditional Chinese medicine preparations with traditional Chinese medicine as raw materials, which can replace antibiotics, carry out veterinary drug imitation research, develop feed drug additives, improve the self-sufficiency rate of veterinary drug production, and actively expand the market in South Asia and Southeast Asia.

(2) To improve quality and accelerate the construction of high-quality raw material bases for Chinese herbal medicines.

Highlight the construction of standardized planting (breeding) bases for Chinese medicinal materials, adhere to the principle of quality first, control the planting scale, innovate the planting mode, promote the original habitat planting, improve the quality of medicinal materials, and scientifically develop large varieties of raw materials such as Panax notoginseng, Erigeron breviscapus, Paris polyphylla, Gastrodia elata and Dendrobium. At the same time, give play to ecological advantages, actively introduce domestic and foreign high value-added medicinal varieties into Yunnan to build a high-quality raw material planting and processing base. Make good use of domestic and foreign resources and markets to build Yunnan into a national raw material base for high-quality natural medicines and health products.

1. Breeding excellent provenances and developing the fine variety industry of Chinese herbal medicines.

In order to promote the sustainable development of Chinese herbal medicine resources, the collection and evaluation of germplasm resources, screening of high-quality provenances, breeding of new varieties and breeding of improved varieties will be carried out around the backbone medicinal materials and rare and endangered Chinese herbal medicines, and the industry of improved varieties of Chinese herbal medicines will be developed. In view of the problems such as source degradation, we will strengthen the domestication and planting of Chinese herbal medicines and the breeding of improved varieties. Strengthen the investigation, collection, identification, preservation and artificial domestication and cultivation techniques of important rare and precious wild raw material germplasm resources such as Fritillaria cirrhosa, Euphorbia Humifusa, Rhizoma Curculiginis, Rhubarb and Dragon’s Blood, and protect the germplasm and genetic resources. In Wenshan, Zhaotong, Chuxiong, Dali, Lijiang, Pu ‘er, Baoshan and other authentic Chinese herbal medicine producing areas and suitable planting (breeding) areas, 50 breeding bases of authentic superior Chinese herbal medicines, 100 guaranteed nursery bases of Chinese herbal medicines and 100 standardized planting (breeding) bases will be upgraded, and a number of Chinese herbal medicine seed and seedling enterprises will be built, with emphasis on cultivating more than 10 high-quality seed and seedling management companies. Relying on the National Nature Reserve, conservation zone, a Chinese herbal medicine, will be built, and more than two protected areas for endangered and rare wild medicinal plants and animals will be planned, and more than 10 wild breeding bases for endangered and rare genuine medicinal materials from Yunnan will be built to provide support for the rapid development of raw materials industry for health products.

2. Strengthen the construction of high-quality raw material bases and build high-quality Chinese herbal medicine planting areas.

Build the "first workshop" of biomedical industry with the concept of green development. According to GAP standards, develop rural areas to revitalize the "one county, one industry" Chinese herbal medicine planting (breeding) industry. Innovate the planting (breeding) mode and vigorously develop "green planting", "ecological planting", "under forest planting" and "imitation of original habitat planting" of Chinese herbal medicines. Encourage domestic and foreign enterprises to build a "pharmaceutical park" in suitable areas of Yunnan, and accelerate the formation of a situation in which leading enterprises lead, bases are standardized and the province develops in an orderly manner. Cultivate a number of well-known enterprises and high-quality raw material varieties, and build a standard library of reference materials for Chinese herbal medicine varieties. Cooperate with neighboring countries to protect and organize traditional medicinal resources in South Asia and Southeast Asia, popularize planting techniques and carry out overseas planting. Strengthen the research and development and application of advanced equipment for planting Chinese herbal medicines, and improve the modernization level of planting (breeding) Chinese herbal medicines. Cultivate original bulk and regional comprehensive primary processing bases of Chinese herbal medicines, and lay out and build regional inspection and testing platforms.

Give full play to the advantages of Yunnan’s ecological environment, national culture and tourism industry, and promote the construction of a number of Chinese herbal medicine health industrial parks (manors) including standardized cultivation (breeding), food culture, health experience, leisure and health preservation, and popular science propaganda, with emphasis on building more than 10 well-known manors.

3. Accelerate the improvement and efficiency of "the hometown of Yunnan medicine" and build the brand of "Yunnan medicine"

Relying on the "Hometown of Yunyao", we will promote the construction of more than 60 standardized, large-scale and standardized planting (breeding) areas of high-quality Chinese herbal medicines, improve the standards of authentic Chinese herbal medicines, study and formulate a number of domestic and international standards for raw materials of health products, expand the scale of green planting and ecological planting of Chinese herbal medicines, standardize the whole process management of raw material planting (breeding), and build a quality monitoring network and traceability system covering the main producing areas of Chinese herbal medicines in the province. Build a green production technology promotion system, a production processing technology system, a quality evaluation system and a traceability system of the whole industry chain, and build a "Top Ten Yunyao" brand. We will carry out basic research on pharmacology, medicalization, efficacy and safety evaluation of Chinese herbal medicines, and develop a number of new food raw materials.

Build Sanqi into a national demonstration variety of Chinese herbal medicine intelligent agriculture. Improve the technology and level of green planting, undergrowth planting and original habitat planting of Panax notoginseng, and improve the supply capacity of high-quality and high-end products. Around the breeding, planting, processing, warehousing and other links of improved varieties of Panax notoginseng, we will build a comprehensive and domestic leading big data platform for intelligent agriculture of Panax notoginseng, and build a digital management and service system for seed and seedling quality evaluation, monitoring and early warning of pests and diseases, intelligent diagnosis, processing of origin, warehousing and logistics, quality inspection, product traceability and so on.

(three) to expand the market and accelerate the improvement of the business system of biomedical products.

Based in Yunnan, facing the whole country, South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean Rim, with the help of internet plus, big data, cloud computing and other modern technical means, we will give full play to the role of free trade zones and border economic cooperation zones, vigorously carry out internal and external cooperation, and build a business system for biomedical products with the focus on market system construction, enterprise management informationization and international business development.

1. Build a regional circulation system

Focusing on free trade zones and border ports, we will lay out and build a number of modern warehousing and logistics centers for biomedical products in all provinces, cities and key counties, cities, districts and border port cities such as Hekou and Ruili, build regional pharmaceutical wholesale and distribution centers, build cold chain logistics, and improve the supply guarantee system for pharmaceutical and health products in Yunnan. High-level construction of Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine trading center, enlarge and strengthen Wenshan Sanqi, Zhaotong Tianma and other regional characteristic Chinese herbal medicine markets, build a futures market for bulk medicinal materials and scarce medicinal materials, and cultivate a regional distributed trading market for fresh medicinal materials. Strengthen the supervision of Chinese herbal medicine market, standardize the access management of Chinese herbal medicine market, and establish a quality inspection, public warehousing and quality traceability system.

2. Promote the development of new logistics formats

Promote the "internet plus" business model, encourage drug circulation enterprises to use the Internet and Internet of Things technology, introduce third-party service organizations such as insurance and logistics, provide extended services such as online pharmacies and drug distribution, and build an information management system covering the whole province’s business circulation. Taking the Chamber of Commerce as the main body, we will jointly build the "Yunyao Information Network" and "Yunyao Database" to build the Yunnan pharmaceutical e-commerce trading platform. Develop the platform economy of "internet plus Traditional Chinese Medicine+Traditional Chinese Medicine+Health Service" and build a new format and new model economy of Chinese medicine industry.

3. Broaden the market channels of Yunyao.

Strengthen cooperation in commercial production, encourage commercial circulation enterprises inside and outside the province to sell Yunnan products, guide commercial circulation enterprises to build production and marketing alliances with raw material planting enterprises and pharmaceutical and health care products production enterprises, and provide market information and sales channels for production enterprises. Develop a number of specialized institutions that exchange and cooperate with domestic and foreign countries, and hold various seminars, exchanges and exhibitions. Encourage business circulation enterprises in the province to become bigger and stronger, and lead production enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, to expand domestic and foreign markets.

Fourth, the main measures

(1) Vigorously implement accurate investment promotion.

In-depth implementation of the "multiplication" plan of market players, focusing on biotechnology drugs, modern Chinese medicine, chemical pharmaceuticals, health products and other fields, aiming at the top 500 international companies, the top 100 biomedical companies and leading enterprises in the industry, and carrying out accurate investment promotion. Implement the drug marketing license holder system, and introduce innovative achievements holders such as biotechnology drugs, innovative Chinese medicines and chemical medicines to Yunnan to carry out achievements transformation and industrialization. Introduce and develop serum-free cell culture medium, affinity filler medium, ultrafiltration membrane, disposable reaction bag and other upstream and downstream supporting enterprises of biological products represented by vaccines to enter Yunnan for development. Introduce Chinese herbal pieces and health products processing enterprises represented by formula granules into Yunnan to build a raw material base, research and development production base and extend the industrial chain of Chinese herbal medicines. Implement the medical device holder system, give full play to the advantages of free trade zone and border economic cooperation zone, introduce medical device R&D and production enterprises to Yunnan, and build a medical device production and circulation base for South Asia and Southeast Asia. Introduce chemical raw material medicine enterprises into Yunnan for development in areas with resources and environmental carrying capacity. In combination with the introduction of science and technology into Yunnan, we will actively promote the "four landings" of talent teams, scientific and technological enterprises, scientific and technological achievements and innovation platforms, and strengthen the introduction of CRO (contract research and development institutions) and CMO (commissioned production institutions).

(2) Accelerate major projects.

Implement special projects for the development of biomedical industry, organize and implement a number of key projects to support and lead the development of biomedical industry. Relying on leading enterprises and R&D institutions with strong R&D capabilities, we will organize and plan a number of major projects combining "Industry-University-Research" for the development needs of key areas of biomedicine. With the goal of leading enterprises and key brand products becoming bigger and stronger, we will implement a number of quality improvement and efficiency improvement projects through digital and intelligent technological transformation and secondary development. With the goal of building industrial clusters, support key cities, key parks and key enterprises to plan and implement a number of key projects. Encourage the park to plan a number of preliminary projects and implement a number of key projects around infrastructure construction, key industrial bases construction and major scientific research platforms construction, and strengthen tracking management and service guarantee.

(C) focus on cultivating leading enterprises

Implement the cultivation plan of leading enterprises, and comprehensively improve the comprehensive competitiveness of pharmaceutical enterprises. In accordance with the principle of "one thing, one discussion, one enterprise, one policy", we will enlarge and strengthen leading enterprises, cultivate a number of large enterprise groups with international influence, develop and expand a number of key enterprises, support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and form enterprise clusters. In the fields of traditional Chinese medicine, biotechnology medicine, chemical medicine and health products, select a group of enterprises with good growth to focus on cultivation. Support enterprises to build raw material bases and production bases around the industrial chain, and improve the level of automation, intelligence and informatization of enterprises. Carry out the listing cultivation of biomedical enterprises, and continue to promote the listing progress of biomedical "golden seed" enterprises. Support enterprises to take capital, technology, brand as the link, through mergers and acquisitions, agreement transfer, joint restructuring, holding shares and other ways to carry out mergers and acquisitions, improve industrial concentration.

(4) Continuously improve the innovation capability.

Focusing on the fields of vaccines, antibody drugs, cell products, modern Chinese medicine, formula granules, chemical drugs, health products, extracts, etc., we will upgrade and build a number of industrial public service platforms and specialized research and development platforms, form a perfect biomedical research and development and technical service chain, and continuously improve the ability of biomedical innovation. Keep a close eye on the commanding heights of industry technology, increase investment in applied basic research, and reserve a number of advanced and applicable technologies and achievements; Adopt the innovative project organization mode of "unveiling the list", aim at the major needs of the industry, break through key technologies, formulate new standards, develop new products and upgrade new processes. With enterprises as the main body, we will build a number of R&D and service platforms such as key laboratories, technology innovation centers, engineering research centers, enterprise technology centers and industrial technology innovation platforms in conjunction with well-known expert teams and scientific research institutions at home and abroad. Promote the construction of the State Key Laboratory of Biomedicine for Non-human Primates, accelerate the construction of Yunnan Laboratory for Extraction of Characteristic Plants, build a new vaccine technology innovation system, and improve the research platforms such as natural drug screening, research on patent medicine, drug safety evaluation (GLP), drug pilot test, drug clinical evaluation platform (GCP) and bioequivalence test. Construction of provincial clinical medical research centers and a number of national clinical medical research sub-centers. Cultivate and introduce several CRO institutions. Promote and build a platform for big data and digital applications around the biomedical industry chain.

(5) Building professional parks with high quality.

With Kunming as the center and Yuxi, Chuxiong, Wenshan, Qujing, Baoshan, Honghe and other cities as the focus, a number of biomedical industry specialized parks covering the whole province will be built. Focus on promoting Kunming National Bio-industrial Base, Yunnan Central Traditional Chinese Medicine Natural Medicine Economic Circle, Yunnan Central Medical Device Industrial Park, Kunming and Yuxi Bio-vaccine R&D and production bases, International Medical Health City, Chuxiong Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule Industrial Base, Wenshan High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Tengyao Industrial Park, Pu ‘er Biomedical Industrial Park, Honghe Biomedical Industrial Cluster, Qujing Malong Medical Device Emergency Industrial Park and other specialized parks and clusters. Based on the evaluation of the carrying capacity of resources and environment and the suitability of land and space development, chemical raw material medicine parks will be developed in Kunming, Chuxiong and other areas that meet the relevant policy requirements of chemical parks. Promote the gathering of projects, funds, talents and other elements in the park, strengthen the construction of public R&D and service platform, industrial incubation, infrastructure, industrial facilities and human resources conditions in the park, and form a regional specialized park integrating research and development, enterprise incubation, manufacturing and logistics distribution. Strengthen cooperation with biomedical industrial parks in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other regions, attract large domestic and foreign pharmaceutical enterprises, scientific research institutions and teams, CRO institutions and CMO institutions to settle in the parks, promote industrial agglomeration development, vigorously promote the construction of Kunming Great Health Industry Demonstration Zone, and build Kunming and Yuxi into important bases and agglomeration areas for modern biomedical production and research, and Chuxiong, Wenshan and other cities into important bases for modern Chinese medicine industry.

(6) Accelerate the training and introduction of talent teams

Adhere to the problem orientation, deploy the talent chain around the industrial chain and innovation chain, promote all kinds of talent training and introduction programs to the biomedical industry, further strengthen the training and introduction of high-level talents, and introduce high-end management talents, leading scientific research talents, high-level technical talents and innovative teams through multiple channels. Innovate training methods, train all kinds of talents, expand the enrollment scale of biomedical related majors in colleges and universities, and establish specialized talent training bases relying on qualified colleges and universities. Encourage social capital to set up vocational colleges and training institutions, promote school-enterprise cooperation, jointly cultivate and improve the quality of employees, and focus on cultivating a number of scientific and technological research and development talents, enterprise management talents, marketing talents, licensed pharmacists, quality management, testing and consulting service talents. Encourage the park to set up special funds for talents to provide more powerful talent support for the high-quality development of biomedical industry.

(7) Focus on building the brand of Yunyao.

Focus on the superior products such as vaccine series, Sanqi series and Dengzhanhua series, and build the brand of "Yunyao". To build a biological vaccine brand, we should build a specialized vaccine industry park, build a vaccine research and development system, develop innovative vaccine products, and promote the international development of vaccines. Extend the industrial chain of large varieties of Chinese herbal medicines such as Panax notoginseng, Erigeron breviscapus, Paris polyphylla, Dendrobium, Gastrodia elata, cultivate a number of large varieties of Chinese herbal medicines, and create geographical indication protection varieties. Develop ethnic resources of traditional Chinese medicine, develop and expand a number of dual-purpose varieties of traditional Chinese medicine, and promote the formation of a number of brand products such as Chinese herbal pieces, extracts, health foods and functional cosmetics. Implement the promotion action of famous Yunnan medicine products, give play to the leading role of the propaganda department, and form a publicity system with the participation of the government, enterprises and social organizations. Encourage enterprises to carry out various forms of publicity and promotion activities to publicize the advantages, characteristics, achievements, enterprises, brands, products and people of Yunnan’s development of biomedical industry. Build a brand display platform through various trade fairs such as South Expo and Drug Fair.

V. Guarantee conditions

(A) to strengthen organizational leadership

Improve the bio-pharmaceutical industry promotion mechanism, compact work responsibilities, hold regular meetings, analyze industrial development, study industrial policies, deploy promotion work, coordinate and solve key problems in the development of key enterprises and major projects, and promote vertical linkage at the provincial, prefecture and county levels. Further improve the horizontal linkage mechanism of provincial departments, enhance the joint efforts of all departments to promote the development of biomedical industry, and jointly create a good environment to promote the high-quality development of biomedical industry in Yunnan. An expert advisory committee on biomedical industry composed of senior experts in relevant fields inside and outside the province was established to provide strategic advice on the frontier situation, industrial analysis, innovation ability, regional layout, key investment promotion and policy design of Yunnan biomedical industry.

(2) Increase policy support.

Focusing on the research and innovation of new products, achievements transformation, market development and innovative service system construction in the fields of biotechnology drugs, modern Chinese medicine, chemical drugs, medical devices and health products, we will coordinate financial funds, increase investment and refine specific measures to support the innovation and development of biomedical industry. To obtain the national major new drug creation science and technology projects, the national key research and development plan related key projects, according to the law and regulations to give supporting support. Support for key core technology research and key new product development, comprehensive use of open competition, publicity system, horse racing system, directional selection and other ways to organize major innovation projects. Study and formulate policies and measures to support the development of biomedical industry in the free trade zone, and help Yunnan biomedical industry to go out and introduce. Incorporate key projects and major projects involving industrial development into relevant national development plans and strive for national policy support. Actively strive for the inclusion of superior and characteristic drugs in the national basic medical insurance drug list and the national basic drug list. Encourage all localities to adopt the form of "government subsidies, enterprises making profits and people buying" to promote the project of biological vaccines benefiting the people. Deepen the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform and promote the development of industrial agglomeration.

(3) Overall factor guarantee

Through scientific planning, revitalizing stocks, introducing increments and other ways, we will further expand the development space of biomedical industry, and encourage industrial parks to build standardized factories to meet the needs of biomedical R&D and production enterprises on the basis of meeting the requirements of land and space planning and environmental assessment at all levels. Overall balance of land use, electricity consumption, water consumption, sewage and other indicators, scientific planning and layout of biopharmaceutical and innovative drug production bases. Encourage the park in accordance with the principle of intensive land use, overall planning for the protection of the park urgently needed talent introduction, employment units or park employees accommodation construction land. Focus on advantageous fields and varieties, establish key enterprises and project libraries, give preferential policies to key projects, and streamline examination and approval procedures according to laws and regulations.

(D) Expand financing channels

Give full play to the role of provincial financial control group industrial investment fund, and guide key cities and parks to set up biomedical industry investment funds. Strengthen cooperation with various investment companies, banks and other financial institutions, and adopt various ways and mechanisms such as listing financing, equity investment, credit guarantee, risk compensation, bond financing and asset management to promote base construction, product development, achievement transformation and industrialization, enterprise cultivation, brand building and market expansion.

(5) Strengthening digital empowerment

Promote the digitalization of resources, digital industrialization and industrial digitalization in the biomedical field. Apply modern information technologies such as blockchain, big data and artificial intelligence to upgrade the construction of Yunnan biomedical industry big data center, and further improve the production, supply and marketing network of biomedical enterprises, Chinese herbal medicine bases and circulation enterprises covering the whole province. Promote the construction of Yunnan biological resources digital integration center to realize the sharing, trading and calculation of biological resources scientific data. Give play to the role of industrial big data platform, promote data sharing in R&D, production, approval, sales and use, and break down departmental data barriers.

(6) Pay attention to safety and security.

Strengthen the construction of biosafety risk prevention and control and governance system, strengthen the supervision and management of high-risk and medium-risk biotechnology research and development activities, and take effective countermeasures. Give full play to the role of Yunnan Science and Technology Ethics Committee, strengthen overall planning and guidance, strengthen scientific research ethics supervision, standardize all kinds of scientific research activities, strengthen safety training for managers and professional and technical personnel, and ensure the safe and healthy development of biotechnology. We will comprehensively promote the construction of drug safety regulations and standards system, highlight the improvement of supervision efficiency, enhance the ability of drug monitoring and evaluation, audit and inspection, inspection and testing, and intelligent supervision, and realize the mutual promotion of safety supervision and industrial development. Combine the construction of the vanguard of ecological civilization construction, implement the concept of green development, strengthen environmental protection during the development and application of biotechnology products, and ensure ecological security.

(7) Strengthen evaluation and supervision.

Establish a dynamic evaluation mechanism for the implementation of the plan, formulate a task list every year, and regularly supervise the implementation of the plan by the relevant departments of the state, city and province. We will build a supervision and service mechanism for the operation of key enterprises and the construction of major projects, strengthen the operation monitoring of key enterprises and the scheduling, tracking and service of key projects, and promote the early commencement, completion and commissioning of projects.

Attachment: 1. Atlas of Yunnan Biomedical Industry Chain

2. Regional distribution map of "hometown of Yunyao"

3 main indicators, main tasks and key work responsibilities.

Annex 1

Annex 2

Annex 3

In winter, when the temperature drops, the food for wild animals gradually decreases. In Longgang Scenic Area of Qingshui Tujia Township, Yunyang County, there are a group of national second-class protected animals, macaques. In the cold weather, food is scarce in the mountains, so the staff in the scenic area opened a small stove for the monkeys.

After the winter, the temperature dropped greatly, the plants in Longgang Scenic Area showed fewer buds and wild fruits, and the macaques were faced with food shortage. In order to keep the monkeys from starving, in the past two days, more feeding points for the monkeys were added in the scenic area, and professional breeders fed the monkeys with corn, fruit and other foods from time to time to help the macaques survive the winter. Groups of monkeys come here every day to feed, which has become an interesting landscape in the scenic spot.

Winter is also the season for breast-feeding and mating of macaques. This year, a number of monitoring systems have been added to the scenic spot, which pay attention to the health status of monkeys by means of breeders and monitoring systems, and provide them with timely rescue and care to ensure the prosperity of macaques.

It is understood that at present, the number of wild macaques in Longgang Scenic Area has increased from more than 60 in previous years to more than 200.

Topic: The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China

　　
The delegates of the Tianjin delegation attending the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China fully agreed with and sincerely supported the report made by Comrade Hu Jintao, saying that they would hold high the great banner of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, thoroughly implement Scientific Outlook on Development under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, and strive to win new victories in building a well-off society in an all-round way.

　　　　On the afternoon of October 15th, the Tianjin delegation attending the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China seriously discussed the report entitled "Hold high the great banner of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and strive for new victories in building a well-off society in an all-round way" made by Comrade Hu Jintao. Everyone spoke enthusiastically and the atmosphere was warm. They unanimously expressed their full approval and heartfelt support for this report.

　　　　Member the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and Zhang Lichang, deputy head of the leading group for revitalizing old industrial bases in Northeast China in the State Council, attended the Tianjin delegation’s discussion. Zhang Gaoli, head of the Tianjin delegation and secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, presided over the meeting and delivered a speech. Dai Xianglong, deputy head of the delegation, deputy secretary of the municipal party committee and mayor, Liu Shengyu, director of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People’s Congress, and Xing Yuanmin, secretary general of the delegation and deputy secretary of the municipal party committee, spoke during the discussion respectively.

　　　　During the discussion, Zhang Gaoli said that the report made by Comrade Hu Jintao held high the great banner of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, adhered to the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, thoroughly implemented Scientific Outlook on Development, profoundly expounded major theoretical and practical issues concerning the development of the cause of the party and the state, fully embodied the unity of inheritance and innovation, theory and practice, and the unity of present and long-term, and was highly political, ideological, strategic and instructive. It is a glorious document of Marxism and a program of action to mobilize the whole party and people of all ethnic groups to win new victories in building a well-off society in an all-round way and create a new situation in the cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. I strongly support it. The extraordinary five years since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China have created a new situation in Socialism with Chinese characteristics and opened up a new realm of Marxism in China. The report holds high the great banner of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, scientifically summarizes the historical process and precious spirit of reform and opening up, and profoundly demonstrates the incomparable superiority and vitality of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Road. Scientific Outlook on Development is a scientific theory that is in the same strain as Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents and keeps pace with the times. It is a scientific theory that is inevitable with the progress of the times, and it is a major strategic thought that must be adhered to and thoroughly implemented for a long time. We should really learn, understand and do. To ensure the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way by 2020, inspire people and unite the hearts of the party and the people, a series of major policies put forward are highly targeted and instructive.The report emphasizes that special economic zones, Shanghai Pudong New Area and Tianjin Binhai New Area should play an important role in reform, opening up and independent innovation, which is a major strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as the general secretary. We should seize the opportunity, meet the challenge, be realistic and pragmatic, work hard, and never live up to the ardent expectations of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council.

　　　　Dai Xianglong said during the discussion that I fully agree with and support the report made by Comrade Hu Jintao to the General Assembly on behalf of the 16th Central Committee. This report is a brilliant document combining the practice of Marxism–Leninism and China, which will have a great and far-reaching impact on China’s goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way and basically realizing modernization. I fully agree with and support Socialism with Chinese characteristics as the banner of the development and progress of contemporary China, as the banner of the United struggle of the whole party and the people of all nationalities, and I am determined to be a firm believer in the common ideal of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Since the reform and opening up, China’s economic and social development has made great achievements, its comprehensive national strength has been significantly enhanced, people’s lives have been significantly improved, and its international status has been significantly improved. It is because it has opened up and adhered to the Socialism with Chinese characteristics road and formed and applied Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system including Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development. To build a well-off society in an all-round way and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics, we must adhere to the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, thoroughly implement Scientific Outlook on Development and be a faithful executor of Scientific Outlook on Development. The report proposes to promote the sound and rapid development of the national economy from eight aspects, especially to "give full play to the important roles of special economic zones, Pudong New Area in Shanghai and Binhai New Area in Tianjin in reform, opening up and independent innovation". We should thoroughly implement Scientific Outlook on Development, better plan and build Binhai New Area according to the deployment of the Ninth Party Congress.Build Binhai New Area into an economic new area, a social new area, an ecological new area and a comprehensive reform pilot area, strive to build Tianjin into an international port city, an economic center in the north and an ecological city, and promote Tianjin’s scientific, harmonious and pioneering development.

　　　　Liu Shengyu said that the report made by Comrade Hu Jintao is strategically located, with a clear theme and rich connotations. It runs through the ideological line of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts and advancing with the times, and embodies the spirit of the times of people-oriented, governing for the people, reform and innovation. It is an important Marxist document that reflects our party’s understanding and grasp of the three laws and is a political declaration and action to win new victories in building a well-off society in an all-round way and create a new situation in Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s cause. The report highlights the theme of unswervingly taking the road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, gives a clear answer to the fundamental question of what flag to hold and what road to take in contemporary China, and points out the way forward for the work of the Party and the country. We should profoundly understand, fully grasp and more consciously achieve "one unswerving" and "four unswerving", and constantly create a new situation in the cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. It is of great practical and far-reaching historical significance to establish Scientific Outlook on Development as a major strategic thought that our party must adhere to for a long time. We should thoroughly implement Scientific Outlook on Development and achieve sound and rapid economic and social development at a new historical starting point. The report clearly defined the goal of winning new victories in building a well-off society in an all-round way, made a comprehensive plan for the key work of the party and the state in the new century and new stage, and made strategic arrangements. In the face of arduous and arduous tasks, we must always be sober-minded, politically determined and pragmatic in our work style. In the spirit of seizing every minute, we must fully promote the scientific development and harmonious development of Tianjin and strive to create a new situation in all our work.

　　　　Xing Yuanmin said that Comrade Hu Jintao’s report, holding high the great banner of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, adhering to the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, thoroughly implementing Scientific Outlook on Development, connecting the past with the future, carrying forward the cause, seeking truth and being pragmatic, and keeping pace with the times, is an action program that unites and leads the whole party and the people of the whole country to make continuous progress. I fully agree with it and firmly support it. The report comprehensively summarizes the extraordinary course that our Party led the people of all ethnic groups in China to create a new situation in Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the past five years, answers the questions of what flag to raise, what road to take, what mental state to pursue and what goal to strive for, profoundly expounds the scientific connotation and spiritual essence of Scientific Outlook on Development, and defines the new requirements for realizing the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, which is inspiring and inspiring. The report puts forward that we should give full play to the important roles of special economic zones, Pudong New Area in Shanghai and Binhai New Area in Tianjin in reform, opening up and independent innovation, which puts forward higher requirements for our future work. We should study the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, grasp the spirit of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, thoroughly study Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system, arm ourselves with the latest achievements of Marxism in China, always keep a high degree of consistency with the CPC Central Committee politically, ideologically and practically, work hard, and strive hard to achieve the scientific development and harmonious development of Tianjin, and win new victories in building a well-off society in an all-round way.

　　　　Deputy Liu Jinfeng said that the report made by Comrade Hu Jintao had a clear theme, clear tasks, clear ideas and concrete measures, and put forward a series of new ideas, new viewpoints and new conclusions. What flag to raise and what road to take are crucial to maintaining the overall situation of the smooth development of the cause of the party and the state. Socialism with Chinese characteristics Road is the only correct way that has been proved by practice to lead contemporary China to achieve national prosperity, national rejuvenation and people’s happiness. The five years since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China have attracted worldwide attention for their development achievements, social harmony and people’s benefits. Practice has deepened our understanding of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, strengthened our determination and acted more consciously. Advancing along the road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics will definitely accelerate the reform, opening up and modernization in an all-round way and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　　　Representatives Li Zhenghua, Hao Xishan, Gu Yuehai, Xing Mingjun, Liu Changxi and Zhang Jingquan spoke during the discussion. Everyone agrees that the report made by Comrade Hu Jintao is grand, rich in connotation and profound in thought, embodies the ideological line of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts and keeping pace with the times, and is full of the spirit of the times of reform, innovation and pioneering. It is a political declaration for the Communist Party of China (CPC) people to unswervingly follow the great road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and an action program for building a well-off society in an all-round way and accelerating socialist modernization. Everyone said that they should seriously study and deeply understand the spirit of the report, work hard and forge ahead in their respective posts, and make new and greater contributions to the sound and rapid development of Tianjin. (Wang Hong Wu Zhicheng Bai Junfeng Wang Liwen)

Editor: Li Xingchi

The single project with the largest investment in Yangtze River Protection in our province-Ezhou Fankou Jiangtan Park was fully completed.

On January 30th, the national first-class protected animal black stork was framed with the Tianxingzhou Yangtze River Bridge in Wuhan, and the ecology of Tianxingzhou in Wuhan continued to improve, welcoming the black stork in winter every year.

On November 14th, the Daoguanhe Reservoir had a wide water surface and beautiful lakes and mountains.

On August 4th, Niuche River Basin in Tuanfeng County, Huanggang has a clear shore and pleasant scenery.

River basin management

Harnessing Jingchu must first harness water. At the beginning of this year, the Outline of Comprehensive River Basin Management and Overall Development Planning in Hubei Province was issued, which became the latest guideline for Hubei to coordinate high-quality development and high-level protection.

"Planning Outline" puts forward that Hubei should keep the bottom line of water environment safety, ensure that the environment of rivers and lakes does not deteriorate, and the proportion of excellent water quality in rivers and lakes does not decrease, eliminate inferior V water bodies and ensure the water quality safety of drinking water sources.

Taking the comprehensive management of river basins as the breakthrough point, the province has broken through the traditional concept of territoriality, changed the management mode with administrative boundaries as the core in the past, adhered to the overall planning of river basins, unit control, bottom line guarantee and system balance, and coordinated the factors such as left and right banks, upstream and downstream banks, water and shore, so as to effectively carry out the source management and the restoration of landscape, forest, fields, lakes and grass systems, and create a development space where people and nature can live in harmony.

He who does not seek the overall situation is not enough to seek a domain. Overall planning, systematic governance, coordinated implementation and global promotion, Hubei will actively change its production and lifestyle, promote the coordination of population, resources and environment, promote the value transformation of ecological areas, and realize the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

News return visit

Small aquatic plants have made great contributions to the province of thousands of lakes

On December 20th, liangzi lake Niushazui Island, the winter lake wind was biting. The only place that this cold wind can’t blow is the greenhouse of liangzi lake National Field Science Observation and Research Station of Wuhan University. Here, the national first-class protected wild plant-water plantain has small white flowers.

"After a year of fencing and planting grass, the water quality in liangzi lake has been effectively improved. In summer, precious water plantain has grown in some lake areas. This plant has extremely high requirements for water quality and only lives in clear water with bottom transparency." Yu Dan, the stationmaster of the research station and a professor at the School of Life Sciences of Wuhan University, introduced that the water plantain that had not appeared in liangzi lake for 8 years was found, and the teachers and students of the research station were so blessed that they carefully transplanted it into the greenhouse for cultivation and observation. Everyone expects that in the future, Liangzi Lake will not only have grass all year round, but also bloom all year round.

In April this year, Hubei Daily published "Keeping Dan’s Heart in the Deep Lake" and a series of reports. Readers were deeply moved by Yu Dan’s spirit of seeking for more than 30 years. Now, with the comprehensive management of river basins as the key link, teachers and students in Yudan continue to go green and explore new ways to manage lakes such as liangzi lake, Jinhu and Honghu.

From purse seine fish farming to purse seine grass planting.

In the province of thousands of lakes, many lakes are divided by the siltation of ancient Yunmengze. With the increase of population and the shortage of supply, it has become a common phenomenon to cultivate land around lakes. Perennial aquaculture has led to mild pollution of the overall water quality of major lakes in the province, and the main pollution indicators are total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand.

In order to keep the bottom line of water environment safety, industrial production was retired around liangzi lake, and the lake area withdrew from purse seine farming. For decades, teachers and students Yu Dan planted 200,000 mu of aquatic plants at the bottom of liangzi lake. The dense growth of "underwater forest" has played an important role in restoring ecology and purifying water quality. Liangzi lake has become the only lake in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River that maintains the first-class water quality.

In 2020, liangzi lake encountered a new ecological problem-a large number of fish in the lake swallowed up aquatic plants, and the former "underwater forest" became an "underwater desert". Due to the high density of fish and more excreta, the water quality was deteriorating. Yu Dan called on relevant departments to take effective measures as soon as possible and continue to try new ways to plant grass in the lake.

"Because fish will interfere with the growth of aquatic plants, in order to improve the survival rate as much as possible, we drive fish in the lake purse seine and plant grass in the net." According to Yu Cheng, a lecturer at the research station, seven batches of grass seeds and seedlings have been planted in the purse seine this year, and the water quality has been greatly improved. Some purse seine areas even have second-class water quality.

From ecological beauty to people’s wealth

In winter, Niushazui Island is very quiet. Wearing a wool hat, 66-year-old Yu Dan still insists on patrolling the lake every day, thinking about the new direction of lake management.

"The area of the liangzi lake River Basin is about 7 times that of the lake. If you want to manage the lake well, you must think globally with the basin." Yu Dan said that liangzi lake has 99 lakes and bays and a 606-kilometer-long coastline, so we should adhere to the idea of integrating water and shore and treating the upstream and downstream together. Keeping the coastline is the "Macedonian defense line" to keep the water environment of the lake safe.

At the suggestion of Yu Dan, in the second half of this year, Ezhou started the 100-meter fish pond near the lake in liangzi lake to completely withdraw from the breeding function. "The lake is 100 meters away, which is the ecological buffer zone of liangzi lake. Traditional farming and feeding bring pollution. Only by minimizing the pollution into the lake can we better care for liangzi lake." Cai Helin, secretary of the liangzi lake District Committee of Ezhou City, said that it is estimated that by January next year, 13,000 mu of fish ponds within 100 meters of the lake will all be out of breeding function.

After retirement, these fish ponds will also be planted with aquatic plants under the guidance of teachers and students Yu Dan, and further develop the aquatic plants industry. "Through investigation and judgment, the average output value per mu of aquatic plants industry is expected to be higher than that of traditional fish farming." Cai Helin introduced that when aquatic plants are planted, industries such as "aquatic plants+freshwater shrimps" and "aquatic plants+crabs" can be developed in the fish pond, which can create new income growth points for villagers around liangzi lake within two years, find the path of value transformation of ecological products, and truly realize the ecological beauty, industrial prosperity and people’s wealth required by comprehensive river basin management.

From one lake to more lakes

Starting from liangzi lake, Yu Dan’s team used the increasingly mature experience of aquatic vegetation restoration to benefit more lakes in Hubei.

At the end of October this year, the state announced the first batch of 15 typical cases of integrated protection and restoration projects of mountains, rivers, fields, lakes, grass and sand, and the ecological restoration project of Jinhu Wetland in zhijiang city, Yichang was successfully selected. This achievement is inseparable from the long-term presence of Yu Dan’s team in the management of Jinhu.

Jinhu is the largest lake in zhijiang city. Due to long-term high-density aquaculture, the water quality has deteriorated to five categories, and cyanobacteria blooms have occurred from time to time. In 2018, the research station was invited to provide technical support for the ecological restoration of Jinhu. Without dredging and planting grass scientifically, stagnant water can be "alive".

Fan Shufeng, a lecturer at the research station, said that some black algae, Sophora alopecuroides, Ceratophyllum, Potamogeton crispus, and water lilies are born in autumn and winter, some are long in spring and summer, some are pioneers-they quickly survive and occupy positions, and some continue to exert their strength-they absorb both nitrogen and phosphorus and floating stains. Over the past five years, more than 20 species of aquatic plants have been restored in Jinhu, with a total area of 430 hectares, and the water quality has been upgraded to four categories. Jinhu, from the "fishy pond" in the past, has changed into a beautiful scenery with shallow fish and thousands of birds.

At the same time, Yu Dan’s team has completed the investigation and scientific evaluation of Honghu Lake, and put forward specific technical schemes for water purification and aquatic vegetation restoration. "The water level of Honghu Lake is low, and the elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water are high. The mud in the lake is deep and suitable for the growth of aquatic plants." Yu Dan suggested that large lakes, such as Honghu Lake, can develop aquatic plants industry and achieve balanced ecological protection and economic development.

Treatment of small watershed in Xihe Road, Dongbao Pailou

Pits and ponds become wetlands, and water storage adds scenery.

story

On December 20, Pailou Village, Dongbao District, Jingmen City, although it was a cold winter, the lotus pond on the roadside was still beautiful. Lotus leaves stand, lie down, or lie down, the breeze blows gently, rustling, and the poetic scene of "leaving the residual lotus to listen to the rain" comes naturally.

"This is an artificial wetland, which was transformed from 7 pits and ponds." Chang Wei, a member of the Party Group of Dongbao Ecological Environment Branch, said that the wetland covers an area of 104 mu, which used to be a muddy land. After the village collective transferred from the villagers at the annual rent of 600 yuan per mu, it cooperated with the market participants to plan and design centrally, and planted lotus flowers and aquatic plants after dredging, which not only stored and preserved water, but also created a landscape.

In April this year, the provincial party committee confirmed the pilot projects of comprehensive management of five small watersheds, including Maojian District of Shiyan City-Maotahe River in Economic Development Zone and Yangloudong Port in chibi city City of Xianning City, in which the Pailou Xihe River was included.

Pailou Xihe River is a pocket river with a total length of 12.4 kilometers. There is little precipitation in autumn and winter, large water consumption and serious seasonal water shortage in the basin.

It is the key to keep water and water in order to moisten the water-deficient river. Fang Wenjuan, a member of the party group of Dongbao District Water Conservancy and Lakes Bureau, introduced that there are 170 pits and ponds along the Xihe River in Pailou, with a total area of 1,162.5 mu, some of which are abandoned and some are used for aquaculture. According to the plan, 125 pits and ponds were restored into paddy fields for planting rice; There are 44 pits and ponds within 200 meters of the river, with a total area of 428 mu, 16 of which have been transformed into artificial wetlands and 28 have been dredged into reservoirs. By the end of this year, all the wetlands and reservoirs have been rebuilt.

"Wetlands are interconnected with reservoirs and rivers, which not only receive rainwater, but also purify water quality, killing two birds with one stone." Chang Wei introduced that the government is planning to introduce social capital, give preferential policies, and guide villagers to participate in the operation and management of wetlands through joint efforts.

Walking into the village of Xingjiayuan, Changxing Village, Pailou Town, the villagers’ official water forest is watering vegetables in the vegetable garden, and a newly dredged pit not far away has been filled with water. "The water source is sufficient, so there is no need to grab water for watering vegetables." Guan Shuilin said with deep feelings.

Transformation from "Phosphorus Capital" to Fine Chemical Industry such as Iron Phosphate

One step more processing, double the price

On December 18th, in the workshop of the newly-built 50,000-ton iron phosphate project of Zhongyangfeng Middle Phosphate Fertilizer Company in Zhongxiang City, machines roared, and workers checked equipment and recorded data from time to time.

"The production of iron phosphate is a fine chemical industry, which is very different from the traditional phosphorus compound fertilizer. One indicator that fails to meet the standard is waste." Hu Mingfeng, the project leader, said.

Zhongxiang has the reputation of "Phosphorus Capital in Central China", but low-level processing wastes resources and pollutes the environment.

Last year, Xinyangfeng took aim at Jingmen as the largest lithium battery production base in Central China and the advantage of large demand for iron phosphate, and cooperated with Changzhou Lithium Source, Gemei and other companies to launch iron phosphate production projects first.

In April last year, the first set of 50,000-ton iron phosphate project of Xinyangfeng Zhongphosphorus was completed and put into operation, becoming the first set of 50,000-ton iron phosphate production line in China. In May this year, another 50,000-ton iron phosphate project was put into production. The company also has 100,000 tons of iron phosphate project under planning and construction.

"A ton of iron phosphate sold for 20,000 yuan at the highest time, and now the price has fallen and sold for more than 10,000 yuan." Hu Mingfeng introduced that the raw material for producing iron phosphate is phosphate monoammonium phosphate, with a market price of 5,000 yuan per ton. After being processed into iron phosphate, the price immediately doubled. At present, the company has produced 55,000 tons of iron phosphate with a total output value of more than 700 million yuan. Phosphorus in Xinyangfeng is one step ahead, followed by enterprises such as Hubei Central Ecology and Shilong Chemical. The planned project of Zhongxiang Iron Phosphate is 400,000 tons.

In addition to new energy materials, Xinyangfeng Zhongphosphorus has also launched food-grade phosphoric acid and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride projects to eat and squeeze out the associated resources of phosphate rock.

"Food-grade phosphoric acid is 20 to 30 times more profitable than phosphorus compound fertilizer." Wang Baoan, the person in charge of the project, said that the new project has high technical level, low pollution and high profit rate, which has directly improved the competitiveness of enterprises.

In huji town, the "heart" of phosphorus capital, the number of phosphorus chemical enterprises decreased by 9 compared with 2016. However, enterprises represented by phosphorus in Xinyang and ecology in central Hubei accelerated their transformation, and the industrial added value of the whole town increased by 17.3% annually. The annual output value of the three key enterprises totaled 10 billion yuan.

Number theory

culture and tourism

January to November 2023

First-class river basins in Hubei Province

-The water quality of the main streams of the Yangtze River, Hanjiang River and Qingjiang River continues to be excellent.

The water quality of some sections of Qingjiang River has reached Grade I.

The total phosphorus concentration in the Yangtze River continues to decrease.

January to November 2023

Among the 16 secondary river basins in the province, except for the Sihu area.

The water quality of 15 areas is excellent.

Among them, the water quality of 12 areas is excellent.

The water quality in southeastern Hubei and Tangbaihe areas is improving.

In 2023

Surface water in the whole province

The proportion of water reaching or better than Class III reaches 95.8%.

Township domestic sewage treatment facilities to achieve full coverage.

Realize "One Qing Jiang Water Flows to the East" and "One Reservoir of Clear Water Delivers to the North"

By promoting soil erosion control and ecological small watershed construction

Hubei ecological security has been systematically enhanced.

The province has established 46 nature reserves at or above the provincial level.

There are 64 important wetlands and 35 scenic spots.

Delineate 7 priority areas for biodiversity protection.

46 key ecological function districts and counties

The forest coverage rate reached 42.3%

Text of this edition:

Hubei Daily All-Media Reporter

Hu xian Zhu Hua

reporter

Li Bin Ouyang Ping Zhou Yong

This edition of the picture:

Hubei Daily All-Media Reporter

Zhu Xiyong Xue Ting Ren Yong

Chart: Xu Yun

"Water Lord" will always be the symbol of Real Madrid.

As to whether Ramos really wants to play in China, a conclusion has finally been reached.

In the early morning of the 31st, Ramos personally admitted at his personal press conference that he would stay in Real Madrid, hoping to retire at the Bernabeu Stadium. However, he said, "I did receive an offer from China".

On the side of China women’s volleyball team, the girls swept the Korean women’s volleyball team 3-0 in Macao, China Station, winning the first place with three consecutive victories and nine points.

Ramos rejected the contract from the Super League.

Ramos: I want to play at Real Madrid until I retire.

"In order to repay the debt of up to 35 million euros, Ramos will come to the Super League to receive a three-year contract with an annual salary of 25 million euros after tax." A few days ago, when the news from European media spread like wildfire, football in China and Spain exploded.

Now, Ramos finally cleared up all the rumors at his personal press conference.

"I don’t want fans to live in doubt. I’m a Real Madrid activist and I want to retire at Real Madrid." Ramos said, "I want to finish the contract here and stay here to do great things. I have more years here."

Even though the controversy is full, Ramos is a symbol of this era of Real Madrid.

As for the invitation from the China team, Ramos is also outspoken."I did receive an invitation from China, and I don’t want to lie to you. I have been telling the chairman that I will never leave Real Madrid, and even without a contract, I will play here for free. I didn’t want to play in China in the past. I won’t leave for money. "

However, some reporters at the scene also asked, "Have you really not considered China’s contract?"

Ramos said:"The contract is on my desk, but there are some things I can’t do. Some ways in the contract are not what I want. I have never thought about going to China, and I will not go there with zero transfer fee. "

"I’m going to have a wedding in 15 days, and I want to give florentino a hug. I hope to work with you to build the future of Real Madrid. "

Zhu Ting started with 11 points and the China women’s volleyball team swept South Korea.

3-0 swept the Korean women’s volleyball team and scored 9 points in three games. The performance of China women’s volleyball team in the World Women’s Volleyball League in Macao, China left infinite expectations for the future.

This is the first appearance of the main members of China women’s volleyball team this season. Although there is still a certain gap between the strength of the three opponents and that of China, we can still see the changes of the team through this competition.

This time, the China women’s volleyball team, which aims at running-in the lineup, gave many surprises to the fans. Not only did Zhu Ting take the lead, but the partner of Zhang Changning and Li Yingying in the main attack line also made people shine in the international competition.

After the test of injury, Zhang Changning, who took off the protective gear on her leg, appeared very capable on the court, and her performance was almost impeccable in several consecutive games, whether passing or defending. He scored in double figures in all three games, and contributed 17 points to the team in the last game, winning the scoring title in the team.

Zhu Ting was named the most popular player.

Li Yingying, a teenager, made his debut with the main team for the first time this year after going through the Swiss competition. Li Yingying started two of the three games. In the Belgian game, Li Yingying made 13 of 21 deductions and scored the highest score of 17 points.

Gong Xiangyu, 22, has also made great progress. With Li Yingying and Zhang Changning starting at the same time, Gong Xiangyu has the important task of passing one pass after another. Against Thailand, however, she beat the two main attackers to become the main firepower of China women’s volleyball team, and scored 12 out of 21, plus serving, and got the highest score of 14 points.

"The women’s volleyball team can’t rely solely on Zhu Ting", which has been repeated countless times. However, in the competition in Macao, China, we saw that the veteran’s state was warming up, the young players were making continuous progress, and the China women’s volleyball team seemed to have more Zhu Ting.

Cole is also anxiously waiting for Durant.

Durant Finals Game 2 is still hard to come back.

On May 31st, according to the San Jose Mercury News, Cousins will return in the first game of the finals, but Durant is still recovering. According to coach steve kerr, it is unrealistic for Durant to resume full training before the second game of the finals, and it is almost impossible for him to return in the second game.

The injury that restricted Durant’s appearance appeared in the fifth game of the Western Conference semifinals. Durant pulled his right calf in the "Fire Bravery" and then missed five games in a row.

"His next step is to train with the team, but we don’t know when this will happen." Coach Cole said.

Cousins has recovered from injury and participated in joint training.

Then the question is, why did Durant go to Toronto with the team when he was unable to play in a high probability? Is it just to cheer for the warriors?

According to the San Jose Mercury News, Durant can communicate directly with the Warriors team doctors in the training room to continuously monitor his recovery. Secondly, Durant can complete personal training on the court; Finally, traveling with the team can also allow Durant to participate in the team’s video lessons and meetings.

"He is an important part of our team and everyone has been cheering for him." Cole said, "It’s an honor to be on the stage of NBA Finals. You hate anyone getting hurt. For us, the most important thing at present is to hope that Durant will return to health. "

James caused the ratings to drop? The league will adjust the game time.

In the past few days, the discussion about the decline of NBA ratings has continued to ferment throughout the league. In an interview with the media, NBA President Adam Xiao Hua also mentioned James’ influence. He admitted that he might consider adjusting the Lakers’ game time in the future.

"We will not escape this phenomenon," Xiao Hua said in an interview. "James reached the finals for eight consecutive years, and he was still playing in the east. This is just a mathematical problem. After all, 50% of the audience in the country are concentrated on the east coast."

Xiao Hua also said that he would consider adjusting the game time. "At present, most games are held at 8 pm or 10: 30 pm. Can we change it to 7 pm or 9: 30 pm? This is the reform direction we will consider in the future, so that more East Coast fans will watch the western team’s game. "

"But there will also be a drawback. Some West Coast fans will complain,’ How can we go to the game when we are not off work’? All in all, you need to balance the time differences in different regions, so as to maximize the number of people watching the game. "

If it is difficult to change the game time in the Western Conference as a whole, has Xiao Hua considered adjusting the game time of the Lakers separately? Xiao Hua said: "Change the game time for the Lakers? I haven’t thought about it before, but this proposal is very interesting and we will consider it then. "

Wang Qiang is in the game.

Wang Qiang lost in one day and shed tears at the French Open after the game.

In the early morning of May 31, the 2019 French Open ended the competition on the fifth match day. Djokovic, Zvilev Jr. and Williams all won easily; Naomi Osaka, Delporte Rowe and Tim won tenaciously in the face of challenges.

However, China Jinhua Wang Qiang lost in one day, and both women’s singles and women’s doubles were eliminated; This also means that after two rounds of women’s singles, China Jinhua has all been eliminated.

As the 16th seed, Wang Qiang only resisted for 53 minutes in the women’s singles competition and lost 3-6 and 0-6 to 18-year-old Polish starlet Sviatek.

After the game, Wang Qiang, who was depressed, shed tears at the post-game press conference. And perhaps the exit of the women’s singles has somewhat affected her play in the women’s doubles. Subsequently, Wang Qiang and Rulu played together in women’s doubles, losing 2-6 to 2018 Australian Open women’s doubles champion Babos/Meladnovich.

Fortunately, the golden flowers of China in the women’s doubles still have a good news. As the 4th seed of the tournament, Xu Yiqian/Daniel Dabrowski eliminated the multinational group Bala/Yakubovich 6-1/1-6/6-2 in a three-set battle, and Xu Yiqian/Daniel Dabrowski will compete with Han Xinyun/Wang Yafan for a place in the top 16 of women’s doubles in the next round.

Zhang Shuai/Stosur, as the No.5 seed combination of women’s doubles, won seven games in a row and sent eggs twice in the final stage to eliminate Kudmetova/Vaskopoyeva.

No.13 seed Yang Zhaoxuan/Luo Solska beat Herko Ge/Rodina 6-2, and the next round will be against Ferro/Parry, a local French group with wild cards.

Shanghai delegation of NYOGOC established.

There are still more than two months before the opening of the 2nd National Youth Games. On May 29th, the Shanghai delegation of the 2nd Youth Games was established in the Oriental Sports Center.

The second National Youth Games will be held in Shanxi Province from August 8 to 18, and will be open to all young people, including young students. There are 49 major events and 1868 minor events in this Youth Games.

As of May 25th, a total of 1,312 athletes (670 males and 642 females) in Shanghai have registered for 58 sports (38 sports schools and 20 social clubs) and 670 sports.

19 events completed the preliminary competition, and 391 athletes (183 males and 208 females) qualified for the finals. Four events completed the early finals and won two gold medals, three silver medals and three bronze medals.

Tour de France Challenge Came to Zhuji, Xi Shi’s hometown.

On May 26th, Zhuji, the hometown of Xi Shi, the 2019 Tour de France Challenge, ended in the presence of more than 2,000 contestants. Hu Hao and Emily Rosicky won the men’s and women’s championships in the whole group of this challenge.

Zhuji Station, Xi Shi’s hometown, is not only the first stop of the Tour de France in Asia in 2019, but also the first appearance of the Tour de France in the Yangtze River Delta region. After the end of this challenge, the Tour de France sign will be retained. The event operator Ed Weixuan and Zhuji Municipal Government hope to promote the development of cycling in China by enhancing the public atmosphere of cycling.

In fact, during the two years since the Tour de France China series was introduced to China, a good report card has been handed over: more than 10,000 riders, 500,000 spectators and 300 million people participated in this international event by watching.

Under the guidance of similar top-level events, the average annual growth rate of cycling enthusiasts exceeds 30%, and the compound growth rate of cycling market in the next five years is about 10%; Events and outings have gradually become essential items for deep cycling users; In 2018, the number of sports cyclists reached 15 million.