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Notice of the General Office of the People’s Government of Yunnan Province on Printing and Distributing the Innovative Development Plan of Biomedical Industry in Yunnan Province during the 14th Five-Y

State and municipal people’s governments, provincial committees, offices, departments and bureaus:

"Yunnan Province" 14 th Five-Year Plan "for the Innovation and Development of Biomedical Industry has been agreed by the provincial people’s government and is hereby issued to you, please implement it carefully.

General Office of Yunnan Provincial People’s Government

March 17, 2022

(This piece is publicly released)

In order to accelerate the innovation and development of the biomedical industry, this plan is formulated according to the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development in Yunnan Province and the Outline of Long-term Objectives for the Year 2035, combined with the reality of our province.

I. Development Status and Situation

(A) Development effectiveness

During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the provincial party committee and the provincial government conscientiously implemented the spirit of the important speech of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on his inspection of Yunnan, and on the basis of continuously building eight key industries and world-class "three cards", put forward the strategic deployment of focusing on cultivating five trillion-level pillar industries and eight billion-level advantageous industries and building a modern industrial system. Biomedical industry, as a strategic emerging industry with a focus of 100 billion yuan in our province, has steadily expanded its scale, significantly enhanced its innovation ability, increasingly optimized its policy environment, and continuously improved its economic benefits. Its operating income increased from 124.109 billion yuan in 2015 to 252.145 billion yuan in 2020, with an average annual growth rate of 15.23%, and its added value increased from 36.587 billion yuan in 2015 to 73.14 billion yuan in 2020. The average annual growth rate reached 14.86%, the business income and added value doubled, and a research and production system of biotechnological drugs focusing on vaccines was gradually formed, and a whole industrial chain development system of natural drugs (ethnic Chinese medicines) featuring proprietary Chinese medicines, Chinese herbal pieces, extracts and health products was established.

In 2020, the province’s Chinese herbal medicine planting (breeding) industry will realize an operating income of 51.611 billion yuan; The biomedical manufacturing industry realized an operating income of 59.592 billion yuan; The biomedical commerce and trade industry realized an operating income of 140.942 billion yuan. There are 163 pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises above designated size (including 1 enterprise with operating income exceeding 10 billion yuan and 5 enterprises with 1-10 billion yuan). There are 48 varieties with sales income exceeding 100 million yuan (including 5 varieties exceeding 1 billion yuan and 4 varieties with 500-1 billion yuan). Up to now, there are 9 biomedical enterprises listed on the main board and growth enterprise market in the province.

1. The biotechnology pharmaceutical industry has made breakthrough development.

In 2020, the province’s biological products manufacturing industry above designated size represented by vaccines achieved an operating income of 5.357 billion yuan, accounting for 15.6% of the operating income of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry above designated size. There are 13 vaccine varieties on the market, and the operating income of vaccine enterprises has increased from 800 million yuan in 2009 to 4.8 billion yuan in 2020, and the biotechnology drug industry has made breakthrough progress. The inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine independently developed by the Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences was launched in December 2015, and the annual operating income of a single variety was nearly 2 billion yuan. The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine developed by watson biological was launched in July 2017, with an operating income of 688 million yuan in 2020; The first trivalent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine in China and the second trivalent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine in the world went on the market in April 2020, with an operating income of 1.658 billion yuan in the first year, and the market prospect is considerable. Some traditional pharmaceutical companies and scientific research units have accelerated the layout and development of biotechnological drugs. Suparutide injection, a long-acting hypoglycemic drug developed by Kunyao Group, has obtained clinical approval, and Sino Pharmaceutical has carried out research on new drugs of humanized CD22 antibody immunotoxin 1.1.

2 Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) industry scale

In recent years, the traditional Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) industry in our province has become the main force to promote the development of biomedical industry from small to large and from weak to strong. 60 "Hometowns of Yunyao" and 103 "Pharmaceutical Parks" have become the new force to improve the quality and brand of Chinese herbal medicines. In 2020, the main business income of planting (breeding) and product processing of Chinese herbal medicines in the province will exceed 100 billion yuan, among which the processing and manufacturing of Chinese herbal medicines above designated size, such as proprietary Chinese medicines, Chinese herbal pieces, extracts and health products, will achieve an operating income of about 48 billion yuan, accounting for over 80% of the main business income of biomedical industries above designated size. The planting area of Chinese herbal medicines exceeds 9 million mu, the planting area of 15 varieties of Chinese herbal medicines, such as Panax notoginseng, Paris polyphylla, Dendrobium, Amomum villosum and Radix Aucklandiae, exceeds 100,000 mu, and the standardized planting base of Chinese herbal medicines covers an area of 1.46 million mu, including 22,000 mu of green certification base and 126,000 mu of organic certification base. Sanqi, Erigeron breviscapus industry has formed a whole industrial chain layout of planting, processing, R&D and production, which has played a very prominent role in demonstrating the development of traditional Chinese medicine industry in the province. Panax notoginseng industry has achieved standardization and standardized planting, and developed relatively complete back-end products such as decoction pieces, preparations and health products, which has become a big variety second only to ginseng. The planting area of the whole province is about 400,000 mu, and the agricultural output value is about 6 billion yuan. A number of Chinese patent medicines and injections such as Panax notoginseng decoction pieces, Xuesaitong soft capsules, Xuesaitong for injection (freeze-dried powder injection), Xuesaitong tablets, Xuesaitong capsules, Panax notoginseng saponins and Xuesaitong injection, etc.

3. The chemical medicine industry has developed steadily.

In 2020, the chemical preparation manufacturing industry and the chemical raw material medicine manufacturing industry above designated size will realize an operating income of 3.52 billion yuan, accounting for 10.2% of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry above designated size. Initially gathered a number of chemical pharmaceutical enterprises such as Jida Pharmaceutical, Baker Norton, Haobang Pharmaceutical, Sino Pharmaceutical, Longhai Pharmaceutical and Guiyan Pharmaceutical; Longjin Pharmaceutical, Haobang Pharmaceutical and Plant Pharmaceutical cooperated with Indian generic drug companies to actively introduce Indian generic drug varieties to Yunnan; Nine varieties, including amoxicillin capsules, chlorphenamine maleate tablets and ambroxol hydrochloride injection, passed the consistency evaluation of chemical generic drugs.

4. Remarkable achievements have been made in biomedical science and technology innovation.

Driven by scientific and technological innovation, the biomedical industry has gradually embarked on a high-quality development track. Sabin inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine, EV71 inactivated enterovirus vaccine, 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine and other fist products have been listed one after another, and some varieties are undergoing WHO pre-certification; Covid-19 inactivated pneumonia vaccine, F gene mumps live attenuated vaccine, nine-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, rotavirus inactivated vaccine and tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine are in the clinical research stage, which has provided strong support for the rapid development of the vaccine industry during the Tenth Five-Year Plan. Ten innovative drugs, such as KPCXM18, a natural medicine for treating ischemic stroke, Duanjin Jiedu Capsule, a 6-class Chinese medicine, Suparutide injection, and a 1.1-class new drug of bungarus multicinctus venom, were approved by the national drug clinical approval. Winona series products, with authentic Yunnan medicinal materials as the main raw materials, have developed into an important functional skin care brand in China. "Key Technology Creation and Industrial Application of Comprehensive Development of Panax notoginseng" won the second prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award, "Key Technology and Application of Standardization and Industrial Development of Panax notoginseng" won the first prize of Yunnan Science and Technology Progress Award, and three standards of Panax notoginseng, seeds and seedlings and Gastrodia elata passed the international quality standard certification. Panax notoginseng saponins and breviscapine have passed GRAS (generally considered safe) certification recognized by FDA, and entered the catalogue of American botanical medicine raw materials;Tongshu capsule and Xuesaitong soft capsule were approved by FDA to carry out phase II clinical research.

Around the great demand of the development of biomedical industry, a number of R&D service platforms have been built, such as Yunnan Biovaccine Technology Innovation Center, Yunnan Drug Non-clinical Safety Evaluation Research Center, Yunnan Natural Drug Activity Screening and Evaluation Center, Yunnan Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Yunnan Flower Aromatic Health Products R&D Center, and Yunnan Chinese Medicine Seed Breeding R&D Center. By the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan, there were 47 provincial key laboratories in the biomedical field, 20 engineering technology research centers, 19 engineering research centers, 10 clinical medical research centers and 4 academicians of the two academies in the province, and 12 provincial science and technology leaders were trained, 54 provincial high-level talents were introduced, 4 high-level innovation and entrepreneurship teams were introduced, 553 provincial young and middle-aged academic and technological leaders and 553 provincial innovative talents were trained.

5. Bio-pharmaceutical industry has achieved initial results by attracting big and strong players.

Yunnan Baiyao Group introduced social capital to complete the mixed reform, and the development of the group entered the fast lane; China Resources Sanjiu acquired Kunming Shenghuo Pharmaceutical, and the company’s operating income increased significantly; Guizhou Bailing invested in Yunnan plant pharmaceutical industry, focusing on characteristic products, optimizing product structure, and implementing large-variety brand strategy. The scale of the enterprise has maintained rapid growth for many years. Well-known enterprises inside and outside the province, such as Sinopharm Group, Shanghai Pharmaceutical Group, Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Group, Tasly Pharmaceutical, Kangenbei Pharmaceutical, Shenwei Pharmaceutical, New Green Pharmaceutical, Beijing Tongying, Fangsheng Pharmaceutical, Jilin Xingshen, Hong Kong Juzhang and Shenzhen Botton, have landed in Yunnan and actively participated in the healthy development of the biomedical industry.

(B) Advantages and shortcomings

1. Location advantage

Yunnan has outstanding geographical advantages, bordering Guizhou and Guangxi in the east, Sichuan in the north, Xizang in the northwest, and Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam in the west and south. It is an important channel connecting South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean region, and an important intersection of the "Belt and Road" construction and the national development strategy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The biomedical industry has a huge potential market, which can be built on the basis of vaccines and traditional Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) industries.

2. Resource advantages

Yunnan has obvious three-dimensional climate characteristics, many types, beautiful mountains and rivers, pleasant climate and outstanding biodiversity characteristics. It is known as the "plant kingdom", "animal kingdom", "microbial kingdom", "hometown of medicinal materials" and "treasure house of biological genes", and is the province with the richest biological resources, natural medicines and ethnic medicine resources in China. According to the statistics of the third national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources, there are 6,559 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine resources in the province, accounting for 51.4% of the total number of kinds in the country, more than 2,000 kinds of ethnic medicine resources and more than 10,000 folk prescriptions.

3. Advantages of industrial base

Notoginseng Radix, Rhizoma Paridis Yunnanensis, Erigeron breviscapus, Dendrobium candidum, Fructus Amomi, Rhizoma Gastrodiae, Poria Yunensis, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Aucklandiae, Radix Gentianae Yunnanensis and other "Top Ten Yunyao" brand medicinal materials have excellent quality and are widely recognized in the industry. It has built a domestic raw material base for high-quality natural medicines and health products. The large varieties of Yi medicine represented by Yunnan Baiyao, the unique ethnic medicines such as Dai and Naxi, and the unique ethnic medical technologies such as Dai medicine, which are in the same strain as the traditional medical systems of neighboring countries, provide rich ethnic medical resources for the innovation, inheritance and development of traditional Chinese medicine and the opening up of markets for South Asian and Southeast Asian countries. Gu Fangzhou, known as the "father of polio vaccine in China", engaged in the research of live attenuated polio vaccine in Yunnan, established the method of isolation and finalization of polio virus, formulated the trial production and safety standards of live polio vaccine, and formulated the "Rules for the manufacture and verification of live polio vaccine", which guided the production and identification of billions of vaccines in China and laid a solid foundation for the rapid development of vaccine industry in our province.

4. Shortcomings of rapid industrial development

First, the industry is small in scale and weak in competitiveness. The overall scale of Yunnan’s biomedical industry is small. Among the top 500 main business incomes of the national pharmaceutical industry, there are only 10 in Yunnan. The overall competitiveness of the biomedical industry, which is dominated by traditional Chinese medicine, is weak, especially affected by the national medical reform policies such as the catalogue of auxiliary drugs of traditional Chinese medicine, the catalogue of medical insurance, and the consistency evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine injections. The scale of biomedical manufacturing industry has declined slightly for two consecutive years.

Second, the industrial structure is not excellent and the industrial chain is incomplete. The development of standardized planting (breeding) bases of Chinese herbal medicines lags behind, the phenomenon of small varieties of Chinese herbal medicines is prominent, the research foundation is uneven, and the competitiveness of products is generally weak; Vaccines are the main biotechnological drugs, but the pipelines of antibody drugs, biological similar drugs, cell products, blood products and other products are not rich, and the upstream and downstream supporting industries are basically blank; Small amount of chemicals, lack of original research drugs and high-end generic drugs; The development level of medical devices and veterinary drugs is low.

Third, the core competitiveness of enterprises is weak, and the degree of specialization of the park is low. There are few well-known enterprises and leading enterprises, leading enterprises are not aware of advanced layout and innovative R&D activities, and the industry is not leading enough; Insufficient investment in research and development, lack of influential and innovative varieties, and weak core competitiveness; The level of professional development of biomedical industrial park is not high, the supporting system is not perfect, and the public R&D and service capabilities are weak.

Fourth, innovation ability is not strong, and high-level talents are lacking. The research and development system of new drug creation is imperfect, the resources are scattered, and the technical level is not high, which does not match the needs of the industrial chain; Lack of forward-looking scientific research ability for common technologies, key technologies and cutting-edge technologies needed for rapid industrial development; There are few innovative products in other industries except vaccines; The linkage between enterprises and scientific research institutions is not close, and the contradiction between supply and demand in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is prominent; Lack of high-level R&D innovation centers and insufficient public R&D service platforms such as drug safety evaluation (GLP), drug clinical evaluation (GCP) and contract R&D institutions (CRO); There is a serious shortage of high-level innovative talents, management talents and teams.

Fifth, brand building is not enough, and market development ability is weak. Enterprises are weak in coping with industrial policies such as medical reform, drug review and approval, and drug production supervision, and weak in market cultivation and brand building of their own products; There is a lack of systematic publicity highlighting the advantages and characteristics, insufficient excavation of superior Chinese herbal medicine varieties, time-honored traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic medicine culture, and weak brand building and market promotion of "Yunyao".

(3) Opportunities and challenges

1. Health needs are increasing.

With the increase of sub-health population and the acceleration of population aging, people’s demand for health products has increased rapidly; The demand for health consumption has changed from medical treatment to disease prevention, health care and health promotion; The national new medical reform plan puts the prevention and control of diseases in the first place, and pays more attention to "preventing diseases before they occur". Traditional Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) will be promising.

2. Building a domestic and international dual cycle will bring new opportunities for industrial development.

The COVID-19 epidemic has had a great impact on the global industrial chain and supply chain. It is an inevitable requirement to maintain a stable and healthy economic development by adjusting the economic development path, opening up the international circulation, smoothing the domestic circulation, coordinating development and security, enhancing the autonomy, sustainability and resilience of economic development. Seize the development opportunities brought by the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP), make full use of Yunnan’s geographical advantages in connecting South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean region, and exchange the traditional medicine with neighboring countries, realize the smooth connection with the biomedical industry in South Asia and Southeast Asia, and accelerate the construction of a new international and domestic dual-cycle development pattern.

3. The epidemic situation in COVID-19 affected the development pattern of pharmaceutical industry.

After the outbreak of COVID-19, COVID-19’s vaccine research and development and production have become the focus of international competition in the field of biotechnology drugs, which puts forward new requirements for the corresponding research and development technology system, experimental evaluation, manufacturing capacity level and organizational management efficiency. With the development of modern biotechnology such as genetic engineering, cell engineering, tissue engineering, biosynthesis, bioinformatics and precision medicine, biotechnological drugs such as vaccines and antibody drugs have become the main direction of the transformation and upgrading of the biomedical industry. The competitive advantages of prescription and medicine represented by "three drugs and three parties" are prominent, and the modern innovative Chinese medicine with clear mechanism of action and definite clinical effect has obvious competitiveness. The demand for medical materials represented by ventilators, testing reagents, medical masks and protective clothing has surged, which has promoted the development of the medical device industry.

4. Competition in domestic pharmaceutical industry is becoming increasingly fierce.

All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) take biomedicine as a priority industry, and Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Guangdong and other provinces (municipalities) have been at the forefront of the country by virtue of their own geographical, policy, talent and technical advantages; Shandong, Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangxi and other provinces have also accelerated the pace of industrial development, and the competition between regions has become increasingly fierce. The reorganization of enterprises in the industry is frequent, and super-large enterprises are constantly emerging. The development trend of agglomeration is obvious, full of opportunities and challenges.

5. The medical reform policy forces the pharmaceutical industry to develop with high quality.

The research and development, production and sales of pharmaceutical products are highly dependent on policy factors, and the industrial development is deeply influenced by policy regulation. The continuous adjustment of various policies, such as drug supervision, the catalogue of traditional Chinese medicine auxiliary drugs and the new medical insurance catalogue, has prompted pharmaceutical enterprises to increase investment in research and development, take a higher quality development path, change from extensive development to refined development mode, and change products from imitation to original innovation. At the same time, information technology represented by mobile medical care, cloud computing, big data and Internet of Things has begun to penetrate into all aspects of the biomedical industry.

6. Competition for innovative drugs has intensified.

At present, the research and development of major innovative drugs are still led by well-known multinational companies, and the competition for technology, talents and funds in the biomedical industry is extremely fierce. Large pharmaceutical companies focus on developing innovative drugs for clinical value in the fields of biotechnology drugs and chemical drugs, while expanding new indications of existing products and expanding upstream and downstream business chains. Pharmaceutical companies with obvious competitive advantages in core products, diversified products and outstanding R&D capabilities will have stronger competitiveness and anti-risk ability. The global vaccine industry presents an oligopoly pattern, with the top 10 companies accounting for 95.7% of the total vaccine market share, and the four vaccine giants GSK (GlaxoSmithKline), Merck, Sanofi and Pfizer accounting for about 80% of the total market share. In the future, the global vaccine market has great growth potential and will grow rapidly with a compound annual growth rate of 10%. The rapid development of frontier technologies such as gene therapy and cell therapy is expected to form major innovative drugs and new supporting technologies. The patents of the top 10 original drugs in global sales, such as Hummel, Merlot and Avastin, are about to expire, and generic drugs and bio-similar drugs are expected to usher in new opportunities. From the national situation, the major achievements of new drug research and development are mainly concentrated in Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu and other places, and innovative enterprises led by new drug research and development, such as Hengrui Pharma and Wuxi PharmaTech, have a strong development momentum.

Second, the development ideas, principles and objectives

(A) development ideas

Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, we will fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the previous plenary sessions of the 19th National Congress, thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the important speech of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary on his visit to Yunnan, conscientiously implement the decision-making arrangements of the provincial party committee and government, grasp the new development stage, implement the new development concept, serve and integrate into the new development pattern, adhere to the problem-oriented, goal-oriented and result-oriented, take innovation as the core, quality as the foundation, and take enterprises as the main body. Market-oriented, focusing on the three key areas of biotechnological drugs, modern Chinese medicine and health products, we will focus on attracting investment accurately, strengthening the main body of enterprises, enhancing innovation ability, building industrial clusters, promoting industrial development with engineering measures, building domestic first-class R&D and production bases of biological vaccines and modern Chinese medicine, domestic top-quality raw materials bases of natural drugs and health products, and biomedical trade bases facing South Asia and Southeast Asia, forming an industrial cluster with important influence in the country, and realizing the high-quality development of Yunnan biomedical industry.

(2) Basic principles

1. Innovation-driven, quality-improved development

Around the industrial chain, deploy innovation chain, build a batch of high-level public service platforms and professional R&D platforms, break through a batch of technologies, reserve a batch of achievements, develop a batch of products and transform a batch of achievements, and promote the high-quality development of Yunnan biomedical industry.

2. Based on advantages and outstanding features

Based on the advantages of Yunnan’s location, ecology, environment, resources and nationality, we will highlight the characteristics of biological vaccines, authentic medicinal materials, ethnic medicine, classic and famous prescriptions, proven prescriptions and cell technology, strengthen product quality and standards, and accelerate industrial transformation and upgrading.

3. Government guidance and market dominance

Innovate institutional mechanisms, rationally allocate resources, break through policy bottlenecks, cultivate and expand market players, release enterprise vitality and market potential, and build a sound market system and policy system.

4. Open cooperation and push forward together.

Improve the soft and hard environment, expand the domestic and foreign markets, and support local enterprises to become bigger and stronger; Introduce well-known enterprises and scientific research achievements to expand the increment; Attracting scientific research institutes from outside the province to develop in Yunnan, jointly cultivating talents, focusing on R&D and innovation, and forming a strong synergy to promote industrial development.

(III) Overall objectives

By 2025, the operating income of the biomedical industry will achieve the goal of "ensuring four guarantees and competing for five", that is, it will reach 400 billion yuan and strive to reach 500 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of more than 10%. Among them, the biomedical manufacturing industry will achieve an operating income of more than 150 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of more than 20%. The added value of biomedical industry reached 120 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of more than 10%. Strive for the biological vaccine industry to achieve the number and value of batch issuance. Facing 2035, we will focus on key markets, increase promotion, actively tap the domestic market, vigorously explore the South Asia and Southeast Asia markets, further enhance the influence and market share of the brand "Yunyao", and build Yunnan into a biomedical R&D innovation and product production and trade center with distinctive characteristics of serving the whole country and radiating South Asia and Southeast Asia, and build an industrial cluster with important influence in the country.

-do it on a large scale. By 2025, we will cultivate more than one enterprise (group) with operating income exceeding 50 billion yuan, more than five enterprises (groups) exceeding 10 billion yuan, more than five enterprises (groups) exceeding 5 billion yuan, more than 20 enterprises (groups) exceeding 1 billion yuan and more than 70 enterprises exceeding 100 million yuan.

-strengthen varieties. By 2025, more than 10 varieties with sales income exceeding 1 billion yuan and more than 60 varieties with sales income exceeding 100 million yuan will be cultivated.

-do an excellent structure. By 2025, the leading development of biotechnological drugs will be realized, modern Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) will be upgraded and developed, dual-use products for medicine and food will develop by leaps and bounds, and chemical drugs and medical devices will make breakthroughs.

-fill in the short board. We will build and upgrade a number of public R&D and service platforms around biotechnology drugs, modern Chinese medicine and chemical drugs, break through a number of key core technologies, and develop a number of competitive and innovative products.

Third, key tasks

Around the biomedical industry chain, deploy innovation chain, promote the organic integration of industry chain and policy chain, innovation chain, capital chain, supply chain, talent chain and value chain, focus on key core technologies, fill the shortcomings of the platform and increase high-quality varieties. Strengthen leading enterprises and enhance manufacturing capacity. Optimize the industrial layout, strengthen the construction of the park, and form industrial agglomeration. Enhance the brand of "Yunyao", revitalize the stock, introduce increments, expand the total amount, and realize the high-quality development of the biomedical industry.

(1) Strengthen varieties and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of biomedical manufacturing.

Give priority to the development of biological vaccines, modern Chinese medicines (ethnic medicines), Chinese herbal pieces and chemical medicines, vigorously develop biotechnological medicines such as antibody medicines, gene technology, cell therapy and blood products, as well as health products, detection and diagnosis reagents, medium and high-end medical devices, strengthen the research and innovation of biotechnological medicines, modern Chinese medicines, natural medicines, generic medicines, new preparations and health care products, and support the internationalization of vaccines, modern Chinese medicines and medical devices. Focusing on increasing investment in scientific and technological innovation, building a number of well-known enterprises and brand products, introducing large enterprises and groups, encouraging enterprises to acquire and merge, and promoting international development, we will promote digital and intelligent manufacturing and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of biomedical manufacturing.

1. Key development areas

(1) Biotechnology drugs focusing on vaccines

The biotechnology pharmaceutical industry focusing on vaccines is the fastest-growing field in the biomedical industry in our province, and efforts should be made to improve the upstream and downstream industrial chains, enhance the research and development capacity of new vaccines, accelerate the construction of a rapid response system for major infectious diseases, strengthen frontier basic research, and enrich product pipelines.

Focus on Kunming and Yuxi to build biotechnology pharmaceutical industrial bases focusing on vaccines, and vigorously develop new biological vaccines, antibody drugs, biological analogues, cell preparations, blood products such as albumin, coagulation factors and immunoglobulin, and other new products of proteins, peptides and nucleic acids. Enlarge and strengthen the existing biotechnology drug enterprises, encourage vaccine enterprises to build digital and intelligent production lines, and improve the production technology level. Guide enterprises in the province to build, acquire and merge R&D institutions at home and abroad, build a quality system, R&D system and production technology system that are in line with international standards, promote the international registration and WHO pre-certification of biological vaccine products, build a vaccine production and supply base that meets international quality standards and a leading domestic monoclonal antibody drug industry base, increase open cooperation with South Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, Europe and the United States, and open up markets in South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean Rim.

Traditional vaccines: enterprises are encouraged to develop univalent vaccines, multivalent vaccines and multiplex vaccines with attenuated, detoxified and inactivated products based on pathogenic microorganisms and their metabolites, so as to promote the secondary development and upgrading of biological vaccines.

New vaccines: break through the key core technologies such as efficient genetic engineering construction technology of virus species and strains, screening research technology of pathogen antigen components, bacterial polysaccharide-protein binding technology, large-scale animal cell culture technology, new vaccine adjuvant technology, genetic engineering technology, genetic engineering recombination technology, non-human primate model evaluation, and carry out research and development and transformation of new vaccines such as nucleic acid vaccine, synthetic peptide vaccine, genetic engineering vaccine and recombination vaccines. Increase the forward-looking research and development of mRNA technology in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, AIDS, genetic diseases, rare diseases, tumors and other major diseases.

Antibody, protein and nucleic acid drugs: develop monoclonal antibody drugs, neutralizing antibodies, bispecific antibodies, antibody-coupled drugs (ADC), biological analogues, recombinant protein drugs, polypeptide drugs and nucleic acid drugs for diseases such as tumor, immune system, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and infections.

Animal vaccines: Encourage the research and development of veterinary vaccines such as Class A epidemic vaccines, multi-animal co-morbid vaccines, vaccines for cattle and sheep, vaccines for pigs, vaccines for poultry, and vaccines for pets.

Cell preparation: within the scope permitted by policies and regulations, encourage and standardize the research and development of cell therapy products including stem cells and immune cells; We will carry out research on a series of standards and technical systems such as preparation, quality inspection and safety evaluation of clinical-grade cell products and derivatives, improve their safety, effectiveness and quality controllability, and accelerate the research on clinical application norms of cell therapy.

Blood products: introduce and develop blood products, focusing on the development of coagulation factors, thrombin, human albumin, human fibrinogen, immunoglobulin and other products. Within the scope permitted by the policy, the layout of plasma raw materials will be increased by adding plasma collection stations.

Other biotechnologies: Accelerate the construction of a synthetic biotechnology innovation system, support the research on genome design and synthesis, and provide technical support for basic research on new biological treatment methods, vaccines, materials and disease control.

Make use of the advantages of genetic resources in our province to develop the biomedical industry of non-human primates and carry out research on the protection and rational utilization of human genetic resources; Carry out research on transplant organ cultivation technology and xenotransplantation technology.

(2) Modern Chinese medicine represented by formula granules.

Focus on the quality upgrade, secondary development, new indications mining, economic evaluation, clinical value-oriented research on safety and clinical efficacy evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine, and innovative drug development of traditional Chinese medicine, and make efforts in the research on local standards of characteristic Chinese herbal pieces, quality standards that meet the requirements of Pharmacopoeia, effectiveness and safety evaluation, production process improvement, and automation, intelligence and information construction of production and processing.

Focus on Kunming, Yuxi, Chuxiong, Dali, Wenshan, Baoshan, Pu ‘er, Honghe and other cities to develop modern Chinese medicine. On the basis of medicinal animal and plant resources such as Panax notoginseng, Erigeron breviscapus, Gastrodia elata, Paris polyphylla, Periplaneta americana, leech, etc., and taking the development of characteristic ethnic medicines such as Yi medicine and Dai medicine as a breakthrough, we will speed up the cultivation of large varieties of modern Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) preparations, create a number of brand products, and make Yunnan medicine industry bigger and stronger. Based on classic prescriptions, proven prescriptions and hospital preparations, we will develop innovative Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) and epidemic prevention preparations covering the whole life cycle of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation for the prevention and treatment of major diseases such as malignant tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, emerging infectious diseases and AIDS. Guided by clinical value, we will carry out material basic research, safety evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine and clinical efficacy research, and explore the construction of a three-in-one evidence system of "Chinese medicine theory-human experience-clinical trial" for the research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine. Adopt modern biotechnology, advanced pharmaceutical technology and preparation technology to promote the application of biocatalysis and transformation, refining, extraction and separation in the research and development of modern Chinese medicine.

In Kunming, Chuxiong, Wenshan, Zhaotong, Pu ‘er, Baoshan, Lijiang and other major producing areas, the production base of Chinese herbal pieces will be laid out, with the focus on building Chuxiong into a national first-class industrial base of Chinese herbal formula granules. Form more than 10 brand enterprises producing Chinese herbal pieces and local standards for formula granules of more than 100 varieties. Strengthen cooperation with state-level research institutions and well-known domestic enterprises, carry out research on quality standards of traditional Chinese medicine formula granules and upgrade the processing and production technology, and establish a quality standard system, a safety evaluation system and a clinical trial research system for traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces that meet the requirements of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia and international standards. Carry out the equivalent test and production technology research of formula granules, and establish the processing technology and quality evaluation method of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces combined with modern science and technology. Develop new modern technologies, equipment and facilities such as extraction, concentration, drying and granulation, apply blockchain traceability technology to improve online quality control, establish a traceability system for processing and production of Chinese herbal pieces, and build a number of intelligent production lines of Chinese herbal pieces with advanced technology and strict quality control.

We will build a research center for ethnic medicine focusing on Yi medicine, Dai medicine and Tibetan medicine, systematically excavate and sort out ethnic medicine documents of Yi, Dai, Tibetan, Naxi, Wa and Hani nationalities, and carry out clinical application of traditional ethnic medicine therapy and its ancillary products and theoretical research on ethnic medicine. Relying on ethnic medicine resources, develop external preparations. Strengthen the research and development and clinical application of preparations in ethnic medicine hospitals, and carry out research and development of new ethnic medicine with clear mechanism, high technology content and reliable curative effect.

Build a characteristic industrial cluster of Sanqi, and build Sanqi into the first brand of traditional Chinese medicine in China. We will build a Sanqi industrial innovation consortium with enterprises as the main body, and gather superior resources inside and outside the province to carry out key technology research and transformation and application of achievements. Develop innovative drugs for prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; Focusing on the large varieties and exclusive varieties of traditional Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) such as Sanqi series and Dengzhanhua series, we will increase the re-evaluation after listing and the secondary development of "new use of old drugs", and carry out research on the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine such as "Xuesaitong+aspirin"; Strengthen the biosynthesis and application of panax notoginseng saponins, scutellarin, Paris polyphylla saponins and other extracts; Carry out research on the processing technology and technology of traditional Chinese medicines such as Panax Notoginseng while fresh, and formulate standards for new-type decoction pieces such as formula granules and powder decoction pieces of characteristic varieties such as Panax Notoginseng and Gastrodia elata which meet the standards of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia; To study and formulate EU Pharmacopoeia standards for Sanqi formula granules, panax pseudo-ginseng and other products, so as to enhance the international popularity and influence of Sanqi.

Regional cooperation in the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine (ethnic medicine) should be carried out for South Asia and Southeast Asia, international multi-center clinical trials and international registration of traditional Chinese medicine preparations with good clinical effect and clear mechanism of action should be carried out, and a modern standard production system and quality evaluation system of traditional Chinese medicine should be constructed according to international standards.

(3) Health products based on natural extracts.

Continue to strengthen the research on the material basis of effective active ingredients of animals and plants, increase the development and application of extracts, strengthen the development of high-quality health products, and cultivate brand products with market competitiveness and scale effect.

Focus on Kunming, Yuxi, Chuxiong, Pu ‘er, Xishuangbanna, Lijiang, Wenshan and other cities to build health product research and development and production bases, and develop high value-added health products. Focus on health care products and daily chemical products such as Sanqi series, Dendrobium series and microalgae series, and build a number of brand products with sales income exceeding 1 billion yuan. Introduce well-known enterprises at home and abroad, cultivate some leading enterprises, and promote Yunnan’s health products to South Asia and Southeast Asia.

Construction of Yunnan laboratory for extracting characteristic plants. Focusing on plant extraction and scientific and technological innovation in the whole industrial chain of health products, we will systematically carry out basic research, product development and achievement transformation, and build a platform for functional evaluation and inspection of health foods and cosmetics. Using modern biotechnology, we will strengthen the research on the efficacy and application of animal and plant-derived ingredients, cultivate and expand a number of intensive processing backbone enterprises in the main raw material producing areas in view of the needs of food, medicine, health care products, daily chemical products, feed products and other related industries, and promote the extraction and processing of characteristic Chinese herbal medicines such as Panax notoginseng, Periplaneta americana and leech, as well as the raw materials of characteristic health products such as stevia rebaudiana, eucalyptus globulus, marigold, maca, rose, microalgae and aloe, and research and development. Improve the extraction and separation technology and quality level of panax notoginseng saponins, breviscapine, tea polyphenols, coenzyme Q10, paclitaxel, borneol and other extract products, as well as eucalyptus oil, citronella oil, rose oil, rosemary and other essence and fragrance products. Taking notoginseng, gastrodia elata, Dendrobium nobile, Polygonatum sibiricum, Amomum villosum and other medicinal and edible Chinese herbal medicines as raw materials, and special biological resources such as microalgae, Moringa oleifera, walnuts and flowers as raw materials, we have researched and developed various health products such as medicated diet, medicated wine, medicated tea and drinks, as well as a series of health foods, aromatic products and daily necessities with the functions of resisting oxidation, losing weight, enhancing immunity, relieving anxiety, relieving depression, assisting in improving memory and caring skin. Focus on developing and producing a batch of formula foods with strong pertinence and high patient acceptance, which are suitable for surgery, nephrology, oncology, pediatrics and geriatric rehabilitation.

Improve the development level of Panax notoginseng extract. In-depth study of extracts from different parts such as flowers, stems, leaves, roots, etc., and development of Sanqi series health food, special diet products, oral care, medical beauty skin care and other daily necessities in different dosage forms such as tablets, capsules and oral preparations, enriching product structure and expanding application fields; Improve the extraction technology and product quality level of panax notoginseng saponins, polysaccharides and panax notoginseng elements; Study and formulate international standards for the extraction of characteristic raw materials such as Panax notoginseng, and accelerate the internationalization of Panax notoginseng.

2. Rapid development areas

(1) Chemical drugs

Further improve the industrial chain, improve the research and development capabilities of original drugs and generic drugs, and improve the research and development level of high-end preparations.

Focus on Kunming, Chuxiong and other cities to build R&D and production bases for chemical drugs and chemical raw materials, and carry out R&D and industrialization of innovative drugs, improved new drugs, generic drugs and chemical raw materials.

Strengthen the joint development of "intermediates+APIs+chemicals". Improve the production technology of platinum anti-tumor raw materials and steroid hormone raw materials. Encourage enterprises to buy varieties with high clinical value at home and abroad and enterprises with great development potential to enter Yunnan for development. Develop chemical raw materials, auxiliary materials and packaging materials industries in areas with resources and environmental carrying capacity, and develop a number of chemical synthetic drugs with characteristics, potential and competitiveness. Strengthen exchanges and cooperation with Israel, India and other countries in the research and development of generic drugs, and explore the construction of an international cooperation base for the research and development of generic drugs.

Guide key enterprises and scientific research institutions to focus on the development of innovative drugs for major diseases such as malignant tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, mental diseases, viral infections, etc., especially chemical innovative drugs and improved new drugs with new targets and new mechanisms of action. Carry out research and development of high-end preparations, develop new dosage forms with good clinical substitution for varieties and dosage forms that are clinically necessary and have great side effects, and promote the research and development of sustained and controlled release, targeted, transdermal, mucosal and carrier drug delivery systems. Develop Yunnan plant resources, discover and develop new natural chemical drugs. To carry out the imitation of drugs needed for the treatment of major infectious diseases and rare diseases, drugs needed for the disposal of public health emergencies, drugs used by children, and original drugs whose patents are about to expire. Carry out research and development and green production technology innovation in the fields of chemical raw materials and pharmaceutical intermediates; Carry out the construction of the process technology system for the biosynthesis of important pharmaceutical monomer compounds such as panax notoginseng saponins and breviscapine.

(2) Medical devices

Give full play to the advantages of China (Yunnan) Pilot Free Trade Zone (hereinafter referred to as FTZ) and Border Economic Cooperation Zone, speed up the construction of medical device production and trade system for South Asia and Southeast Asia, develop high-tech and high value-added products, and establish an effective linkage mechanism between medical institutions and medical device industry.

We will build medical device industrial parks in Central Yunnan New District, Qujing, Yuxi, Free Trade Zone and Border Economic Cooperation Zone, build medical device R&D and production, inspection and testing, and trade distribution bases for South Asia and Southeast Asia markets, and build the most complete medical device industrial park in Southwest China.

In view of the market demand in South Asia and Southeast Asia, we will introduce domestic and foreign leading or advantageous enterprises in high-end medical devices and biomaterials to build medical device production bases and supporting industrial chains, cultivate high-end medical device enterprises, and promote the development of upstream and downstream industries of medical devices. Support the construction of a production base that meets the quality management standards for medical device production, build a public R&D and production platform for medical devices, build a high-grade medical device life-cycle detection technology service platform based on units with good foundation, and attract enterprises, research institutions, talent teams and technological achievements to Yunnan to carry out the transformation and industrialization of achievements. We will build a number of leading enterprises in the production of in vitro diagnostic reagents, dentures and disposable infusion devices, and promote the development of industries such as medical devices, new biomaterials, high-end pharmaceutical packaging materials and high-quality pharmaceutical excipients.

Develop technologies and products such as gene detection, biological detection chip and in vitro immunodiagnosis, and develop in vitro diagnostic equipment and reagents such as major emerging infectious diseases and tumor diseases; Accelerate the research and development of new biomaterials, and carry out research and development of new biomaterials such as biomedical materials, tissue engineering materials, bio-based materials and medical and health materials; Carry out research and development and production of high-end consumables such as orthopedic instruments, and build a production base of high-end orthopedic consumables in southwest China; Carry out research and development of TCM diagnosis and treatment instruments and equipment, rehabilitation instruments and equipment, and sports therapy equipment with ethnic characteristics; Carry out the development and industrialization of "big data+artificial intelligence+medical care" instruments and equipment, and develop digital and multifunctional mobile monitoring equipment and wearable products, rehabilitation AIDS and optometry-related products.

(3) Veterinary drugs

Further guide enterprises and scientific research institutions, strengthen investment in veterinary drug research and development, enhance the research and development ability of veterinary drugs, and give full play to the advantages of resources to develop innovative products of veterinary drugs.

Strengthen the cooperation between animal medicine enterprises and scientific research institutions inside and outside the province, and develop or introduce a new generation of animal vaccines and innovative products for veterinary medicine. Improve the quality and production capacity of a number of veterinary drugs, such as bovine O-type and A-type foot-and-mouth disease inactivated vaccine, pig O-type foot-and-mouth disease inactivated vaccine, pig double O-type foot-and-mouth disease inactivated vaccine, hog cholera live vaccine (subculture cell source), piglet paratyphoid, Newcastle disease and so on.

Focus on Kunming, Baoshan, Dali and other cities with veterinary drug industry base to actively develop veterinary drug industry. Increase the research and development of livestock and poultry disease prevention vaccines and pet vaccine products such as cattle, sheep, pigs and chickens; Develop a batch of veterinary traditional Chinese medicine preparations with traditional Chinese medicine as raw materials, which can replace antibiotics, carry out veterinary drug imitation research, develop feed drug additives, improve the self-sufficiency rate of veterinary drug production, and actively expand the market in South Asia and Southeast Asia.

(2) To improve quality and accelerate the construction of high-quality raw material bases for Chinese herbal medicines.

Highlight the construction of standardized planting (breeding) bases for Chinese medicinal materials, adhere to the principle of quality first, control the planting scale, innovate the planting mode, promote the original habitat planting, improve the quality of medicinal materials, and scientifically develop large varieties of raw materials such as Panax notoginseng, Erigeron breviscapus, Paris polyphylla, Gastrodia elata and Dendrobium. At the same time, give play to ecological advantages, actively introduce domestic and foreign high value-added medicinal varieties into Yunnan to build a high-quality raw material planting and processing base. Make good use of domestic and foreign resources and markets to build Yunnan into a national raw material base for high-quality natural medicines and health products.

1. Breeding excellent provenances and developing the fine variety industry of Chinese herbal medicines.

In order to promote the sustainable development of Chinese herbal medicine resources, the collection and evaluation of germplasm resources, screening of high-quality provenances, breeding of new varieties and breeding of improved varieties will be carried out around the backbone medicinal materials and rare and endangered Chinese herbal medicines, and the industry of improved varieties of Chinese herbal medicines will be developed. In view of the problems such as source degradation, we will strengthen the domestication and planting of Chinese herbal medicines and the breeding of improved varieties. Strengthen the investigation, collection, identification, preservation and artificial domestication and cultivation techniques of important rare and precious wild raw material germplasm resources such as Fritillaria cirrhosa, Euphorbia Humifusa, Rhizoma Curculiginis, Rhubarb and Dragon’s Blood, and protect the germplasm and genetic resources. In Wenshan, Zhaotong, Chuxiong, Dali, Lijiang, Pu ‘er, Baoshan and other authentic Chinese herbal medicine producing areas and suitable planting (breeding) areas, 50 breeding bases of authentic superior Chinese herbal medicines, 100 guaranteed nursery bases of Chinese herbal medicines and 100 standardized planting (breeding) bases will be upgraded, and a number of Chinese herbal medicine seed and seedling enterprises will be built, with emphasis on cultivating more than 10 high-quality seed and seedling management companies. Relying on the National Nature Reserve, conservation zone, a Chinese herbal medicine, will be built, and more than two protected areas for endangered and rare wild medicinal plants and animals will be planned, and more than 10 wild breeding bases for endangered and rare genuine medicinal materials from Yunnan will be built to provide support for the rapid development of raw materials industry for health products.

2. Strengthen the construction of high-quality raw material bases and build high-quality Chinese herbal medicine planting areas.

Build the "first workshop" of biomedical industry with the concept of green development. According to GAP standards, develop rural areas to revitalize the "one county, one industry" Chinese herbal medicine planting (breeding) industry. Innovate the planting (breeding) mode and vigorously develop "green planting", "ecological planting", "under forest planting" and "imitation of original habitat planting" of Chinese herbal medicines. Encourage domestic and foreign enterprises to build a "pharmaceutical park" in suitable areas of Yunnan, and accelerate the formation of a situation in which leading enterprises lead, bases are standardized and the province develops in an orderly manner. Cultivate a number of well-known enterprises and high-quality raw material varieties, and build a standard library of reference materials for Chinese herbal medicine varieties. Cooperate with neighboring countries to protect and organize traditional medicinal resources in South Asia and Southeast Asia, popularize planting techniques and carry out overseas planting. Strengthen the research and development and application of advanced equipment for planting Chinese herbal medicines, and improve the modernization level of planting (breeding) Chinese herbal medicines. Cultivate original bulk and regional comprehensive primary processing bases of Chinese herbal medicines, and lay out and build regional inspection and testing platforms.

Give full play to the advantages of Yunnan’s ecological environment, national culture and tourism industry, and promote the construction of a number of Chinese herbal medicine health industrial parks (manors) including standardized cultivation (breeding), food culture, health experience, leisure and health preservation, and popular science propaganda, with emphasis on building more than 10 well-known manors.

3. Accelerate the improvement and efficiency of "the hometown of Yunnan medicine" and build the brand of "Yunnan medicine"

Relying on the "Hometown of Yunyao", we will promote the construction of more than 60 standardized, large-scale and standardized planting (breeding) areas of high-quality Chinese herbal medicines, improve the standards of authentic Chinese herbal medicines, study and formulate a number of domestic and international standards for raw materials of health products, expand the scale of green planting and ecological planting of Chinese herbal medicines, standardize the whole process management of raw material planting (breeding), and build a quality monitoring network and traceability system covering the main producing areas of Chinese herbal medicines in the province. Build a green production technology promotion system, a production processing technology system, a quality evaluation system and a traceability system of the whole industry chain, and build a "Top Ten Yunyao" brand. We will carry out basic research on pharmacology, medicalization, efficacy and safety evaluation of Chinese herbal medicines, and develop a number of new food raw materials.

Build Sanqi into a national demonstration variety of Chinese herbal medicine intelligent agriculture. Improve the technology and level of green planting, undergrowth planting and original habitat planting of Panax notoginseng, and improve the supply capacity of high-quality and high-end products. Around the breeding, planting, processing, warehousing and other links of improved varieties of Panax notoginseng, we will build a comprehensive and domestic leading big data platform for intelligent agriculture of Panax notoginseng, and build a digital management and service system for seed and seedling quality evaluation, monitoring and early warning of pests and diseases, intelligent diagnosis, processing of origin, warehousing and logistics, quality inspection, product traceability and so on.

(three) to expand the market and accelerate the improvement of the business system of biomedical products.

Based in Yunnan, facing the whole country, South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean Rim, with the help of internet plus, big data, cloud computing and other modern technical means, we will give full play to the role of free trade zones and border economic cooperation zones, vigorously carry out internal and external cooperation, and build a business system for biomedical products with the focus on market system construction, enterprise management informationization and international business development.

1. Build a regional circulation system

Focusing on free trade zones and border ports, we will lay out and build a number of modern warehousing and logistics centers for biomedical products in all provinces, cities and key counties, cities, districts and border port cities such as Hekou and Ruili, build regional pharmaceutical wholesale and distribution centers, build cold chain logistics, and improve the supply guarantee system for pharmaceutical and health products in Yunnan. High-level construction of Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine trading center, enlarge and strengthen Wenshan Sanqi, Zhaotong Tianma and other regional characteristic Chinese herbal medicine markets, build a futures market for bulk medicinal materials and scarce medicinal materials, and cultivate a regional distributed trading market for fresh medicinal materials. Strengthen the supervision of Chinese herbal medicine market, standardize the access management of Chinese herbal medicine market, and establish a quality inspection, public warehousing and quality traceability system.

2. Promote the development of new logistics formats

Promote the "internet plus" business model, encourage drug circulation enterprises to use the Internet and Internet of Things technology, introduce third-party service organizations such as insurance and logistics, provide extended services such as online pharmacies and drug distribution, and build an information management system covering the whole province’s business circulation. Taking the Chamber of Commerce as the main body, we will jointly build the "Yunyao Information Network" and "Yunyao Database" to build the Yunnan pharmaceutical e-commerce trading platform. Develop the platform economy of "internet plus Traditional Chinese Medicine+Traditional Chinese Medicine+Health Service" and build a new format and new model economy of Chinese medicine industry.

3. Broaden the market channels of Yunyao.

Strengthen cooperation in commercial production, encourage commercial circulation enterprises inside and outside the province to sell Yunnan products, guide commercial circulation enterprises to build production and marketing alliances with raw material planting enterprises and pharmaceutical and health care products production enterprises, and provide market information and sales channels for production enterprises. Develop a number of specialized institutions that exchange and cooperate with domestic and foreign countries, and hold various seminars, exchanges and exhibitions. Encourage business circulation enterprises in the province to become bigger and stronger, and lead production enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, to expand domestic and foreign markets.

Fourth, the main measures

(1) Vigorously implement accurate investment promotion.

In-depth implementation of the "multiplication" plan of market players, focusing on biotechnology drugs, modern Chinese medicine, chemical pharmaceuticals, health products and other fields, aiming at the top 500 international companies, the top 100 biomedical companies and leading enterprises in the industry, and carrying out accurate investment promotion. Implement the drug marketing license holder system, and introduce innovative achievements holders such as biotechnology drugs, innovative Chinese medicines and chemical medicines to Yunnan to carry out achievements transformation and industrialization. Introduce and develop serum-free cell culture medium, affinity filler medium, ultrafiltration membrane, disposable reaction bag and other upstream and downstream supporting enterprises of biological products represented by vaccines to enter Yunnan for development. Introduce Chinese herbal pieces and health products processing enterprises represented by formula granules into Yunnan to build a raw material base, research and development production base and extend the industrial chain of Chinese herbal medicines. Implement the medical device holder system, give full play to the advantages of free trade zone and border economic cooperation zone, introduce medical device R&D and production enterprises to Yunnan, and build a medical device production and circulation base for South Asia and Southeast Asia. Introduce chemical raw material medicine enterprises into Yunnan for development in areas with resources and environmental carrying capacity. In combination with the introduction of science and technology into Yunnan, we will actively promote the "four landings" of talent teams, scientific and technological enterprises, scientific and technological achievements and innovation platforms, and strengthen the introduction of CRO (contract research and development institutions) and CMO (commissioned production institutions).

(2) Accelerate major projects.

Implement special projects for the development of biomedical industry, organize and implement a number of key projects to support and lead the development of biomedical industry. Relying on leading enterprises and R&D institutions with strong R&D capabilities, we will organize and plan a number of major projects combining "Industry-University-Research" for the development needs of key areas of biomedicine. With the goal of leading enterprises and key brand products becoming bigger and stronger, we will implement a number of quality improvement and efficiency improvement projects through digital and intelligent technological transformation and secondary development. With the goal of building industrial clusters, support key cities, key parks and key enterprises to plan and implement a number of key projects. Encourage the park to plan a number of preliminary projects and implement a number of key projects around infrastructure construction, key industrial bases construction and major scientific research platforms construction, and strengthen tracking management and service guarantee.

(C) focus on cultivating leading enterprises

Implement the cultivation plan of leading enterprises, and comprehensively improve the comprehensive competitiveness of pharmaceutical enterprises. In accordance with the principle of "one thing, one discussion, one enterprise, one policy", we will enlarge and strengthen leading enterprises, cultivate a number of large enterprise groups with international influence, develop and expand a number of key enterprises, support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and form enterprise clusters. In the fields of traditional Chinese medicine, biotechnology medicine, chemical medicine and health products, select a group of enterprises with good growth to focus on cultivation. Support enterprises to build raw material bases and production bases around the industrial chain, and improve the level of automation, intelligence and informatization of enterprises. Carry out the listing cultivation of biomedical enterprises, and continue to promote the listing progress of biomedical "golden seed" enterprises. Support enterprises to take capital, technology, brand as the link, through mergers and acquisitions, agreement transfer, joint restructuring, holding shares and other ways to carry out mergers and acquisitions, improve industrial concentration.

(4) Continuously improve the innovation capability.

Focusing on the fields of vaccines, antibody drugs, cell products, modern Chinese medicine, formula granules, chemical drugs, health products, extracts, etc., we will upgrade and build a number of industrial public service platforms and specialized research and development platforms, form a perfect biomedical research and development and technical service chain, and continuously improve the ability of biomedical innovation. Keep a close eye on the commanding heights of industry technology, increase investment in applied basic research, and reserve a number of advanced and applicable technologies and achievements; Adopt the innovative project organization mode of "unveiling the list", aim at the major needs of the industry, break through key technologies, formulate new standards, develop new products and upgrade new processes. With enterprises as the main body, we will build a number of R&D and service platforms such as key laboratories, technology innovation centers, engineering research centers, enterprise technology centers and industrial technology innovation platforms in conjunction with well-known expert teams and scientific research institutions at home and abroad. Promote the construction of the State Key Laboratory of Biomedicine for Non-human Primates, accelerate the construction of Yunnan Laboratory for Extraction of Characteristic Plants, build a new vaccine technology innovation system, and improve the research platforms such as natural drug screening, research on patent medicine, drug safety evaluation (GLP), drug pilot test, drug clinical evaluation platform (GCP) and bioequivalence test. Construction of provincial clinical medical research centers and a number of national clinical medical research sub-centers. Cultivate and introduce several CRO institutions. Promote and build a platform for big data and digital applications around the biomedical industry chain.

(5) Building professional parks with high quality.

With Kunming as the center and Yuxi, Chuxiong, Wenshan, Qujing, Baoshan, Honghe and other cities as the focus, a number of biomedical industry specialized parks covering the whole province will be built. Focus on promoting Kunming National Bio-industrial Base, Yunnan Central Traditional Chinese Medicine Natural Medicine Economic Circle, Yunnan Central Medical Device Industrial Park, Kunming and Yuxi Bio-vaccine R&D and production bases, International Medical Health City, Chuxiong Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule Industrial Base, Wenshan High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Tengyao Industrial Park, Pu ‘er Biomedical Industrial Park, Honghe Biomedical Industrial Cluster, Qujing Malong Medical Device Emergency Industrial Park and other specialized parks and clusters. Based on the evaluation of the carrying capacity of resources and environment and the suitability of land and space development, chemical raw material medicine parks will be developed in Kunming, Chuxiong and other areas that meet the relevant policy requirements of chemical parks. Promote the gathering of projects, funds, talents and other elements in the park, strengthen the construction of public R&D and service platform, industrial incubation, infrastructure, industrial facilities and human resources conditions in the park, and form a regional specialized park integrating research and development, enterprise incubation, manufacturing and logistics distribution. Strengthen cooperation with biomedical industrial parks in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other regions, attract large domestic and foreign pharmaceutical enterprises, scientific research institutions and teams, CRO institutions and CMO institutions to settle in the parks, promote industrial agglomeration development, vigorously promote the construction of Kunming Great Health Industry Demonstration Zone, and build Kunming and Yuxi into important bases and agglomeration areas for modern biomedical production and research, and Chuxiong, Wenshan and other cities into important bases for modern Chinese medicine industry.

(6) Accelerate the training and introduction of talent teams

Adhere to the problem orientation, deploy the talent chain around the industrial chain and innovation chain, promote all kinds of talent training and introduction programs to the biomedical industry, further strengthen the training and introduction of high-level talents, and introduce high-end management talents, leading scientific research talents, high-level technical talents and innovative teams through multiple channels. Innovate training methods, train all kinds of talents, expand the enrollment scale of biomedical related majors in colleges and universities, and establish specialized talent training bases relying on qualified colleges and universities. Encourage social capital to set up vocational colleges and training institutions, promote school-enterprise cooperation, jointly cultivate and improve the quality of employees, and focus on cultivating a number of scientific and technological research and development talents, enterprise management talents, marketing talents, licensed pharmacists, quality management, testing and consulting service talents. Encourage the park to set up special funds for talents to provide more powerful talent support for the high-quality development of biomedical industry.

(7) Focus on building the brand of Yunyao.

Focus on the superior products such as vaccine series, Sanqi series and Dengzhanhua series, and build the brand of "Yunyao". To build a biological vaccine brand, we should build a specialized vaccine industry park, build a vaccine research and development system, develop innovative vaccine products, and promote the international development of vaccines. Extend the industrial chain of large varieties of Chinese herbal medicines such as Panax notoginseng, Erigeron breviscapus, Paris polyphylla, Dendrobium, Gastrodia elata, cultivate a number of large varieties of Chinese herbal medicines, and create geographical indication protection varieties. Develop ethnic resources of traditional Chinese medicine, develop and expand a number of dual-purpose varieties of traditional Chinese medicine, and promote the formation of a number of brand products such as Chinese herbal pieces, extracts, health foods and functional cosmetics. Implement the promotion action of famous Yunnan medicine products, give play to the leading role of the propaganda department, and form a publicity system with the participation of the government, enterprises and social organizations. Encourage enterprises to carry out various forms of publicity and promotion activities to publicize the advantages, characteristics, achievements, enterprises, brands, products and people of Yunnan’s development of biomedical industry. Build a brand display platform through various trade fairs such as South Expo and Drug Fair.

V. Guarantee conditions

(A) to strengthen organizational leadership

Improve the bio-pharmaceutical industry promotion mechanism, compact work responsibilities, hold regular meetings, analyze industrial development, study industrial policies, deploy promotion work, coordinate and solve key problems in the development of key enterprises and major projects, and promote vertical linkage at the provincial, prefecture and county levels. Further improve the horizontal linkage mechanism of provincial departments, enhance the joint efforts of all departments to promote the development of biomedical industry, and jointly create a good environment to promote the high-quality development of biomedical industry in Yunnan. An expert advisory committee on biomedical industry composed of senior experts in relevant fields inside and outside the province was established to provide strategic advice on the frontier situation, industrial analysis, innovation ability, regional layout, key investment promotion and policy design of Yunnan biomedical industry.

(2) Increase policy support.

Focusing on the research and innovation of new products, achievements transformation, market development and innovative service system construction in the fields of biotechnology drugs, modern Chinese medicine, chemical drugs, medical devices and health products, we will coordinate financial funds, increase investment and refine specific measures to support the innovation and development of biomedical industry. To obtain the national major new drug creation science and technology projects, the national key research and development plan related key projects, according to the law and regulations to give supporting support. Support for key core technology research and key new product development, comprehensive use of open competition, publicity system, horse racing system, directional selection and other ways to organize major innovation projects. Study and formulate policies and measures to support the development of biomedical industry in the free trade zone, and help Yunnan biomedical industry to go out and introduce. Incorporate key projects and major projects involving industrial development into relevant national development plans and strive for national policy support. Actively strive for the inclusion of superior and characteristic drugs in the national basic medical insurance drug list and the national basic drug list. Encourage all localities to adopt the form of "government subsidies, enterprises making profits and people buying" to promote the project of biological vaccines benefiting the people. Deepen the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform and promote the development of industrial agglomeration.

(3) Overall factor guarantee

Through scientific planning, revitalizing stocks, introducing increments and other ways, we will further expand the development space of biomedical industry, and encourage industrial parks to build standardized factories to meet the needs of biomedical R&D and production enterprises on the basis of meeting the requirements of land and space planning and environmental assessment at all levels. Overall balance of land use, electricity consumption, water consumption, sewage and other indicators, scientific planning and layout of biopharmaceutical and innovative drug production bases. Encourage the park in accordance with the principle of intensive land use, overall planning for the protection of the park urgently needed talent introduction, employment units or park employees accommodation construction land. Focus on advantageous fields and varieties, establish key enterprises and project libraries, give preferential policies to key projects, and streamline examination and approval procedures according to laws and regulations.

(D) Expand financing channels

Give full play to the role of provincial financial control group industrial investment fund, and guide key cities and parks to set up biomedical industry investment funds. Strengthen cooperation with various investment companies, banks and other financial institutions, and adopt various ways and mechanisms such as listing financing, equity investment, credit guarantee, risk compensation, bond financing and asset management to promote base construction, product development, achievement transformation and industrialization, enterprise cultivation, brand building and market expansion.

(5) Strengthening digital empowerment

Promote the digitalization of resources, digital industrialization and industrial digitalization in the biomedical field. Apply modern information technologies such as blockchain, big data and artificial intelligence to upgrade the construction of Yunnan biomedical industry big data center, and further improve the production, supply and marketing network of biomedical enterprises, Chinese herbal medicine bases and circulation enterprises covering the whole province. Promote the construction of Yunnan biological resources digital integration center to realize the sharing, trading and calculation of biological resources scientific data. Give play to the role of industrial big data platform, promote data sharing in R&D, production, approval, sales and use, and break down departmental data barriers.

(6) Pay attention to safety and security.

Strengthen the construction of biosafety risk prevention and control and governance system, strengthen the supervision and management of high-risk and medium-risk biotechnology research and development activities, and take effective countermeasures. Give full play to the role of Yunnan Science and Technology Ethics Committee, strengthen overall planning and guidance, strengthen scientific research ethics supervision, standardize all kinds of scientific research activities, strengthen safety training for managers and professional and technical personnel, and ensure the safe and healthy development of biotechnology. We will comprehensively promote the construction of drug safety regulations and standards system, highlight the improvement of supervision efficiency, enhance the ability of drug monitoring and evaluation, audit and inspection, inspection and testing, and intelligent supervision, and realize the mutual promotion of safety supervision and industrial development. Combine the construction of the vanguard of ecological civilization construction, implement the concept of green development, strengthen environmental protection during the development and application of biotechnology products, and ensure ecological security.

(7) Strengthen evaluation and supervision.

Establish a dynamic evaluation mechanism for the implementation of the plan, formulate a task list every year, and regularly supervise the implementation of the plan by the relevant departments of the state, city and province. We will build a supervision and service mechanism for the operation of key enterprises and the construction of major projects, strengthen the operation monitoring of key enterprises and the scheduling, tracking and service of key projects, and promote the early commencement, completion and commissioning of projects.

Attachment: 1. Atlas of Yunnan Biomedical Industry Chain

2. Regional distribution map of "hometown of Yunyao"

3 main indicators, main tasks and key work responsibilities.

Annex 1

Annex 2

Annex 3

通过admin

It is said that stem cells and immune cells are anti-aging. What role do they play in anti-aging?

       The World Health Organization (WHO) has put forward the initiative of healthy aging, namely "Extending the concept of health to the process of anti-aging, focusing on the health problems in the process of medical care and anti-aging, focusing on improving the quality of life of most people, prolonging their lives, and making human beings live healthier and longer.”。

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Image source: Baidu pictures

What is aging?

       Senescence is a complex biological process. With the decline of body function, the stress ability and adaptability to the environment are correspondingly weakened.

In the process of aging, organisms are degenerated at the levels of organs, tissues, cells and molecules.

The appearance changes of human aging mainly include: thinning of skin epidermis, reduction of connective tissue, reduction and disappearance of subcutaneous fat, relaxation of skin and increase of wrinkles; Hyperplasia of endocardial collagen fibers and elastic fibers in cardiovascular system; Arteriosclerosis, decreased vascular elasticity, deposition of calcium and lipid substances in intima, and stenosis of lumen; The weight of the nervous system brain is gradually reduced, and the brain volume is reduced.

       The aging of the human body is ultimately the aging of cells.Therefore, the most fundamental way of Anti-Aging is to remove aging cells, repair damaged cells, improve cell metabolism and activate the function of dormant cells. So,The application of immune cell technology and stem cell technology to anti-aging can truly "symptomatic anti-aging".

01

The essence of aging and anti-aging

◆ Age life

       An important indicator of aging is life span.The life span of species is relatively fixed. Mice in the laboratory can live to be about 3 years old on average, domestic dogs are about 15 years old and monkeys are about 30 years old. Scientists estimate that,The life expectancy of human beings is 120-150 years.

       At present, the oldest person recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records is alive.122 yearsFrench woman Calmant. According to World Health Statistics 2019, the average life expectancy of the global population in 201672 years oldJapan’s average life expectancy84.2 years oldRanked first in the world.

◆ Aging aging

       One of the most important factors determining life expectancy is aging. Aging is the natural attenuation of the inherent life process (life expectancy), or the attenuation process after being disturbed by internal or external factors; It is also a unique physiological process in which the functions of various tissues and organs of the body degenerate with age. As long as it is a living body, it will certainly age.

◆ Anti-Aging

       Anti-aging is a measure to eliminate the interference of internal and external environment on the inherent life process of human body, so that people’s life can be naturally extended. In other words,Aging is the attenuation process of life disturbed by internal and external environment, and anti-aging is anti-interference.

◆ Anti-aging has two goals:

       The first goal is to keep the body healthy and live to life expectancy.;The second goal is to delay the aging process and prolong life expectancy.Two idioms are used to describe it. The first goal is to prolong life, and the second goal is to prolong life.

       Prolonging life expectancy involves the essence of life and is insurmountable; Eliminating the interference of environment on life process and living to the expected life span is relatively more likely to be realized.On the basis of living to the expected life, pursuing a higher quality of life is a higher requirement for us to fight against aging.

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 Three anti-aging systems

       To resist the interference of internal and external environment on life process, such as microbial infection, cell mutation and tumorigenesis,We need a healthy and powerful defense system, namely the immune system.The decline of immune function is an important factor causing aging.

       If the damage caused by internal and external environment to human body is not repaired in time, it will lead to persistent inflammation and various chronic and refractory diseases. Therefore,Maintaining a strong tissue repair system is very important for disease treatment and anti-aging health care.

       Stem cells participate in anti-aging in many aspects, including differentiation into immune cells to resist the interference of internal and external environment; Participate in metabolic regulation and maintain the internal balance of the body; By controlling inflammation and repairing tissues, various chronic diseases can be prevented.

02

The role of immune cells in anti-aging

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       Studies have shown that eliminating zombie cells can improve a series of diseases, includingCataract, diabetes, osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s disease, heart enlargement, kidney problems, arterial obstruction and age-related muscle loss..

◆ The phenomenon that women live longer.

       Women’s menstrual cycle or physiological cycle has created a stronger immune system, which is also the essence that women’s life expectancy is generally higher than that of men around the world. A study in Japan shows that compared with men,Women’s immune system ages much more slowly.

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02

The role of stem cells in anti-aging

First, the relationship between aging and stem cells

       Studies have shown that red bone marrow is replaced by yellow bone marrow,Black hair and white hair are all manifestations of stem cell aging and reduction.With the increase of age, the ability of stem cell clone formation decreased significantly. These findings reveal that,Aging is closely related to stem cell aging and number reduction.

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Second, the anti-aging effect of stem cells

(1) tissue repair

The occurrence of diseases or the aging process all originate from tissue damage.Tissue damage will lead to the incompleteness of tissue structure and the degradation or loss of function.

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(2) Metabolic regulation

       Smooth or strong metabolic ability is the key to longevity and anti-aging. On the one hand, we can reduce the burden of metabolic organs by controlling diet and achieve the purpose of maintaining the smooth metabolic system; On the other hand, we can also enhance the function of metabolic organs and promote metabolism with the help of drugs or stem cells, so as to achieve the effect of anti-aging and health care.

(3) Inflammation control

       Injury and repair is a dynamic process, and inflammation plays an important role in the process of injury repair. Theoretically, any cell or factor with regenerative function has an important role in anti-inflammation.

Supplementing stem cells and immune cells, a new anti-aging way

       With the continuous improvement of people’s quality of life, the requirements of anti-aging are increasing. Stem cells have the ability of self-renewal, multi-directional differentiation and paracrine secretion, and show good application prospects in clinical medicine fields such as wound repair, tissue regeneration and anti-aging.

       Therefore, stem cells are an important new life energy and renewable energy for everyone. Replenishing stem cells and immune cells for many times, maintaining and improving physiological functions and body functions, and prolonging the length of life may become a new life form and a new lifestyle for human beings.

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The adult obesity rate in China is 16.4%. Do you have body anxiety?

Today (11th) is World Obesity Prevention Day. At present, obesity has become one of the most serious public health problems in the world. The latest Global Obesity Map 2023 released by the World Obesity Association shows that by 2035, more than 4 billion people in the world will be obese or overweight, accounting for 51% of the global population.

Do you feel anxious about your figure?

According to a questionnaire survey in The Paper,Of the 973 valid answers, only one person answered "not anxious at all".Although he is 173 cm tall and weighs 75 kg according to National Health Commission’s standards, he is overweight.

We calculate the sum of the scores given to different options by the respondents during the answering process, and calculate their respective body anxiety levels.

Most of the remaining 972 people are in mild anxiety and comparative anxiety. With the increase of weight, they are more anxious about their figure.

Compared with boys,

Girls are more likely to think they are fat.

BMI, body mass index, is equal to weight divided by the square of height. This concept is used by government agencies in many countries as an evaluation standard for obesity and health status.

According to the standard of China National Health Commission in 2013, the normal range of adult BMI index is 18.5~23.9. During physical examination, people are often rated as obese, overweight, healthy and light.

However, there are many gaps between this set of standards and people’s ideas.

We converted the BMI index according to the height and weight data filled in by the interviewees themselves, and then compared it with the answers of each interviewee’s self-evaluation questions, and there were many dislocations in the middle.

According to statistics, a post-90s girl who is 162cm tall and weighs only 84kg is in a thin state, whether by National Health Commission’s judgment standard or by the public’s judgment standard of "weight is not more than 100". But when we ask, "What do you think of your figure in the eyes of most people?" At that time, her self-evaluation was overweight.

This kind of cognitive contrast is particularly prominent in the well-proportioned people. Nearly 40% of the well-proportioned people feel that they are slightly obese in the eyes of others.

Further observing the comparison between men and women,There are 47% symmetrical girls who think they are fat, while only 18% symmetrical men think they are still a little fat.

Tall, fat and thin,

Each has its own physical problems.

The waist, legs and arms are the most disturbing parts in the respondents’ self-evaluation.

When it comes to people with different body types, the body parts they want to adjust are slightly different. Thin people are more dissatisfied with their chests and shoulders, while overweight people want to change their "crouching" state.

As for people who are obviously neither fat nor thin, they are harsh on their arms, abdomen and thighs.

Gaze in daily life,

Precipitated out body anxiety.

In our survey, more than half of the respondents said that they had had the experience of being discriminated against.

With the overweight of their bodies, they suffer more and more negative comments, more and more frequently. According to statistics, compared with those who are thin, the probability of a overweight person facing body humiliation in daily life has increased by 13%.

Not only that,These body humiliation injuries may be more from the closest people around them.Unintentional remarks from relatives, close partners, friends, classmates, etc. may hurt them invisibly.

Thin people are more likely to be "cared for" by relatives, while overweight people will not only suffer more humiliation from intimate partners, but also bear more criticism from strangers.

What is the standard of beauty? Are cartoon legs, butterfly backs, right-angled shoulders, A4 waist, peach hips, etc. really the only ones that define everyone’s figure?

Perhaps, we need to think more and increase respect and tolerance for ourselves and others.

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Swimming inventory: the "gender imbalance" between the United States and Australia, the China Navy is no longer "water"


  In the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, Phelps’ eight gold medals broke the 36-year-old record that was once considered inaccessible by swimmer Mark Spitz. Phelps participated in men’s 400m individual medley, men’s 200m individual medley, men’s 100m butterfly, men’s 200m butterfly, men’s 200m freestyle, men’s 4x100m freestyle relay, men’s 4x200m freestyle relay and men’s 4x100m medley relay successively at the Beijing Olympic Games, winning eight gold medals, breaking seven world records, and gaining fourteen individual medals. Phelps set an insurmountable record for others. China News Agency issued Du Yang photo



  On the morning of August 10th, on the first day of the swimming final of the Beijing Olympic Games, China’s Zhang Lin won the silver medal in the men’s 400m freestyle, while South Korean Park Tae hwan and American Zhan Sen won the championship and the third place respectively. This is also the first time that a male athlete from China has won an Olympic medal. China News Agency issued Du Yang photo


  BEIJING, Aug. 16 (Xinhua) Title: Swimming Inventory: The United States and Australia are "gender imbalance" and the China Navy is no longer "water"


  Author: Lu Chunyan


  On August 17th, "prodigy" michael phelps led the American team to win the gold medal in the men’s 4×100 medley relay final, and won his eighth gold medal in Beijing. This marks the end of the swimming event in Beijing, which is second only to the 46 gold medals in track and field. The "Water Cube" of this Olympic Games has turned into a "Water Cube", and the world record has been labeled as "fragile". The United States and Australia have their own gains in competing for hegemony, and the China Navy has also seen hope in its progress.


  "Yang Prosperity and Yin Decline" VS "Yin Prosperity and Yang Decline" The United States and Australia strive for hegemony and "gender imbalance"


  Compared with the Athens swimming event, the gorgeous performance of the American swimming team in the Water Cube can be described as "dominating the world". The results of 12 gold medals, 9 silver medals and 9 bronze medals left Australia’s 6 gold medals, 6 silver medals and 8 bronze medals far behind.


  However, Australia, suppressed by the United States, should also be respected. After all, today’s swimming world has the strength to challenge the American team, and it is Australia. The remaining 14 gold medals were divided among 11 countries, with Britain, Germany and Japan each taking two, and China, Brazil, Tunisia, South Korea, the Netherlands, Italy, France and Zimbabwe each taking one.


  The distribution of gold medals in the American swimming delegation showed a situation of "Yang flourishes and Yin declines". Male athletes won 10 of the 12 gold medals, and they monopolized five-eighths of the Olympic men’s swimming events under the leadership of Phelps. Only coughlin and Sony saved a little face for American female swimmers.


  Unlike the United States, which relies on men’s events, Australia has completely embarked on the "female route". All six gold medals in the "Water Cube" were won by female athletes, while male athletes only got three silver medals and three bronze medals. Compared with the American team, Australia’s "Yin flourishes while Yang declines" seems to be more thorough.


  "Yin flourishes and Yang declines" VS "Yang flourishes and Yin declines", and there is a gender imbalance between the United States and Australia. In August, a gender war was staged at the National Aquatics Center.


  World records are labeled as "fragile" and old records are turned into rarities.


  The Water Cube staged a "war epic" against the "world record" from the first match day when two world records were born in the four finals. Seven of the eight gold medals won by the American "prodigy" rewrote the world record, and even the only gold medal in the 100m butterfly, which was "lighter" than the other seven gold medals, was almost the same as the world record. What’s more, Zimbabwe’s Coventry started a record-breaking trip in the preliminaries.


  The birth of one new world record after another makes the audience seem to have formed "aesthetic fatigue" on the records, and a large number of newly released records really test everyone’s memory. All of a sudden, those records that have been preserved have become rare, and they can still be "immune" when such large-scale good results are released, which shows the preciousness of these old records.


  Men make history. China swims in the "Water Cube" and sees hope.


  China swimming, dormant in the downturn, finally saw the hope of recovery in the "Water Cube". One gold, three silvers, two bronzes, three 4th, one 5th, one 7th and one 8th in this Olympic Games are enough for China to get a performance score of 80 points. All these have become the best evidence that Zhang Yadong, the head coach, pointed out that China Water Army began to walk out of the trough.


  Liu Zige, Jiao Liuyang and other young players have changed the situation in 2007, and Zhang Lin’s silver medal has also shown us the progress of male athletes.


  The most significant one is the silver medal in the men’s 400-meter freestyle from Zhang Lin. Even in Barcelona, the most splendid swimming place in China, the male swimmers from China failed to grab a gold and a half silver. Zhang Lin won the first medal in Olympic history for men’s swimming in China with his own efforts and national support.


  However, we should also see that China’s swimming strength is still far from the collective advantage of the United States and Australia, and the highlights are only concentrated in three or two events. Moreover, China’s swimming does not have the domineering and winning strength of the United States and Australia.


  However, I still believe that "a single spark can start a prairie fire", and I hope that China Swimming, which finds a breakthrough point, can make a name for itself in the Olympic swimming field through its own efforts.


  "God" Phelps, the first man in the centennial Olympic Games, ascended the throne in Beijing.


  After winning the NBA championship three times in a row, the media commented that "Jordan is God wearing a jersey and playing"; Once again won the NBA championship for three consecutive times, the media commented that "even God can’t beat Jordan in his jersey". Therefore, even with bare arms, God may not be able to win eight gold medals in an Olympic Games, but the "prodigy" did it.


  Michael phelps seems to have come to Beijing to break the record. He has seven world records in eight competitions, a single Olympic gold medal record with eight gold medals and an individual Olympic gold medal record with fourteen gold medals. Phelps is proving himself to be the "Water Cube" and the king of Olympic history with figures that others can’t match.


  When Bolt broke the world record and won the 100-meter new Olympic champion, the media who liked the new and hated the old questioned the ownership of "the best athlete in Beijing Olympic Games". In fact, this is a very simple arithmetic problem. Can’t nine records beat one record? The record of eight gold medals of "prodigy" was accumulated in the Olympic Games for a hundred years, but who can say that the record road of 9.69 seconds can be kept fresh in a hundred years?


  For 23-year-old Phelps, the Beijing Olympic Games is probably just a "walk" of his brilliant career, because he will be 27 years old in four years, which is the best age for professional athletes. At that time, he will give the world the expectation of several Olympic gold medals. (End)

Editor: Xiao Jinping

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Four responsibilities in the eyes of the supreme leader

  It is the spiritual demeanor and lofty realm of contemporary the Communist Party of China (CPC) people to shoulder the responsibility. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the general secretary of the Supreme Leader’s many speeches and articles have always run through his responsibility for the destiny of the nation, the happiness of the people, the management of the party and the beautiful world. The micro-platform of Party Construction Network will learn and understand with you.

  Responsibility for the destiny of the nation

  Remain true to our original aspiration and keep our mission firmly in mind. The Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s initial intention and mission is to seek happiness for the people of China and the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. This initial intention and mission is the fundamental driving force to inspire the Communist Party of China (CPC) people to keep moving forward. Comrades of the whole party must always share the same breath with the people, share the same destiny and be heart-to-heart, always take the people’s yearning for a better life as their goal, and continue to forge ahead courageously towards the grand goal of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with a never-ending mental state and an indomitable attitude.

  — — On October 18, 2017, the report of the Supreme Leader at the The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

  The energy saved by the Chinese nation has been too long, and it will burst out to realize the great Chinese dream. This is the historical mission of our generation, and each of us is striving to achieve this goal in our own posts.

  — — On July 19, 2016, the Supreme Leader emphasized during his inspection in Ningxia.

  The Communist Party of China (CPC), born and raised in the midst of internal troubles and foreign invasion, has made it its historical mission to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation since its establishment. It is the steadiest in defending national independence, the steadiest in safeguarding national interests and the bravest in resisting foreign aggression.

  — — On September 3, 2014, the Supreme Leader’s speech at the symposium to commemorate the 69th anniversary of the victory of China people’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the world anti-fascist war.

  Responsibility for people’s happiness

  We must seek more benefits for people’s livelihood, solve more worries about people’s livelihood, fill the shortcomings of people’s livelihood in development, promote social fairness and justice, make continuous progress in providing education for young children, learning and teaching, earning income from work, getting medical care for the elderly, living and living, and helping the weak, and carry out in-depth poverty alleviation to ensure that all people have more sense of gain in building and sharing development, and constantly promote the all-round development of people and the common prosperity of all people.

  — — On October 18, 2017, the report of the Supreme Leader at the The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

  Leading the people to create a happy life is our party’s unswerving goal. We should conform to the people’s yearning for a better life, adhere to the people-centered development idea, focus on safeguarding and improving people’s livelihood, develop various social undertakings, increase the adjustment of income distribution, win the tough battle against poverty, ensure people’s equal participation and equal development rights, make the fruits of reform and development benefit all people more fairly, and make steady progress towards the goal of realizing common prosperity for all people.

  — — On July 1, 2016, the Supreme Leader’s speech at the celebration of the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC).

  The Communist Party of China (CPC) insists on governing for the people, and people’s yearning for a better life is our goal. My ruling philosophy, in a nutshell, is: serving the people and shouldering the responsibility.

  — — On February 7, 2014, the Supreme Leader spoke in an exclusive interview with Russian TV in Sochi, Russia

  Take responsibility for managing the party.

  Courage in self-revolution and strict management of the party are the most distinctive characters of our party, and strict management of the party in an all-round way is always on the road.

  — — On January 5, 2018, the Supreme Leader emphasized at the opening ceremony of the seminar on the study and implementation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era and the spirit of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China by members and alternate members of the new Central Committee and leading cadres at the provincial and ministerial levels.

  Strictly administering the party in an all-round way is always on the road. Party organizations at all levels should shoulder the responsibility of strictly administering the party in an all-round way. To strictly manage the party in an all-round way, the core is to strengthen the party’s leadership, the foundation is comprehensive, the key is strict, and the key is governance.

  — — On January 12, 2016, the Supreme Leader delivered an important speech at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.

  From the height of the life and death of the party and the country, our party promotes the building of a clean and honest party style and the struggle against corruption with a strong sense of historical responsibility, a deep sense of mission anxiety and tenacious will, adheres to no-forbidden zone, full coverage and zero tolerance, severely investigates and punishes corrupt elements, and strives to create a political atmosphere that does not dare to rot, cannot rot and does not want to rot.

  — — Speech by the Supreme Leader at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection on January 13th, 2015

  The more glorious the historical mission is, the more ambitious the goal is, and the more complicated the ruling environment is, the more we must enhance our sense of hardship, the more we must strictly manage the party, and achieve "doing what is not, managing what is not chaotic" so that our party will always be in an invincible position.

  — — On October 8, 2014, the Supreme Leader’s Speech at the Summary Meeting of the Party’s Mass Line Education Practice Activities

  Responsibility for a better world

  The Communist Party of China (CPC) is a party that strives for happiness for the people of China, and also strives for the cause of human progress. The Communist Party of China (CPC) is the largest political party in the world. As I said, if you are big, you have to look big. Everything that the Communist Party of China (CPC) has done is to seek happiness for the people of China, the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and peace and development for mankind.

  — — On December 1, 2017, the top leader delivered a keynote speech at the high-level dialogue meeting between the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the world political parties.

  We must co-ordinate the two overall situations at home and abroad, unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development, pursue an open strategy of mutual benefit and win-win, adhere to the correct concept of justice and benefit, establish a new security concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable, seek open, innovative, inclusive and mutually beneficial development prospects, promote civilized exchanges that are harmonious but different and eclectic, build an ecological system that respects nature and green development, and always be a builder of world peace, a contributor to global development and a defender of the international order.

  — — On October 18, 2017, the report of the Supreme Leader at the The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

  China will continue to actively participate in the reform and construction of the global governance system, contribute more China wisdom, China’s plan and China’s strength to the world, and promote the construction of a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness, tolerance, cleanliness and beauty, so that the sunshine of building a community of human destiny can shine all over the world!

  — — Speech by the Supreme Leader at the First Session of the 13th National People’s Congress on March 20, 2018.

  (For some information, refer to the book Thirty Lectures on Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era.)

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Details of the latest parameters of 2022 Dodge Hellcat wide-body red eye

  Promotion date: April 11, 2023 to July 18, 2024.

  The front face of 22 Dodge Hellcats looks like a shark with a big mouth. It is quite powerful, and the heart of the beast is deep. The embedded round headlights look extremely fierce, which reveals the heroic style of the American muscle car. Strong grip, purer wild and strong sound can awaken every motor nerve of the driver, and the potential strong power and lasting endurance can achieve the integration of speed, passion and personality. Car hotline: 18307222008 (WeChat with the same number) Manager Zhong

  The lines on the side of 22 Dodge Challengers Hellcats are mainly rough and overbearing power lines, which are very muscular. With the lightweight design, the quality of the whole vehicle will be lower than that of the current vehicle to get better acceleration system performance. The body size is 5017*1923*1415mm, and the wheelbase is 2950mm.

  Challenger 22 6.2T wide-body Redeye SRT Hellcat Widebody 6.2V8 717 8-speed automatic transmission tires: 305/35ZR20 P Zero Summer, forged wheel hub, with adaptive shock absorber, (red-eye) logo, brakes: 6 Brembo aluminum calipers with 36mm pistons on the front brake, Brembo aluminum calipers with six opposed 32mm pistons for rear braking, brake auxiliary (wide-body) high-load engine cooling system, (red-eye) SRT high-load engine cooling system, (wide-body) red seat belt, Harman Kardon audio system, With 18 advanced speakers, electric sunroof, front brake lock Line Lock assist, front driver and passenger advanced airbags, curtain airbags (2), side airbags (2) red brake calipers, adaptive cruise control, brake distribution (EBD), high-performance ABS braking, emergency brake assist system (BAS), stability control system (ESC), full-speed traction control system (TCS), and so on., front anti-collision system plus, uphill start-up retention system, rear lateral traffic assistance system, start-up assistance system, rainy day braking assistance, double ventilation air intake, dark glass, rear window defogger, electric adjustable folding heating multifunctional exterior body color, rearview mirror, automatic Air-Catcher headlights, LED rear headlights, rain-sensing variable-speed windshield wipers, daytime running lights, Widebody appearance bag, Satin black rear spoiler, two-zone automatic air conditioning, 6-way electrically adjustable driver’s seat, 4-way waist adjustment, 60/40 asymmetric folding rear seat, Nappa/Alcantara leather seat, With Hellcat logo, front heated seats, instrument panel with 7-inch adjustable screen, central console with armrests, luminous cosmetic mirrors on driver’s and passenger’s sun visors, internal electrochromic rearview mirrors, performance indicators on SRT screen, sports bright pedals, doors with suede, Parksense parking sensor, keyless entry system Enter-N-Go, Uconnect 8.4-inch AM/FM/MP.

  22 Dodge Challenger Hellcat is a model that domestic riders are not familiar with, and Hellcat is the highest performance version of Dodge Challenger. The model uses a 6.2-liter v8 supercharged engine, which has 717 horsepower and a maximum torque of 880 Nm, and is matched with an 8at gearbox.

  Company name: Tianjin Zhongcheng Weiye International Trading Co., Ltd.  

  Car hotline: 18307222008 (WeChat with the same number) Manager Zhong  

  Company Address: No.386 Jingmen Avenue, Tianjin Port Bonded Zone, Binhai New Area, Tianjin

  Disclaimer: The above car purchase preferential information is provided by the comprehensive dealers of this website, and the price fluctuates greatly due to market factors, which is only for car purchase reference; The distributor is responsible for its authenticity, accuracy and legality, and this website does not provide any guarantee or assume any legal responsibility.

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Shang Xiaodong, a researcher involved in the ocean: Only by mastering the initiative of scientific and technological innovation will you have the right to speak.

  ■ Approaching model veterans

  Standing on the deck, looking at the vast sea, Shang Xiaodong often feels the smallness of human beings and has a long way to go. He used to be a heroic and vigorous teacher of the Armed Police Force. He served for 26 years and trained a large number of military talents for the army. After retiring for more than 10 years, he grew up to be a physical oceanographer with great love. As a second-class researcher in south china sea institute of oceanology, he trudged on the road of accelerating the construction of a maritime power for ten years.

  Whether he is in a youthful army or marching on a challenging scientific research road, he sticks to his ordinary and great post, and works hard and diligently. A few days ago, Shang Xiaodong was rated as a national model veteran. "Defending the country is the first duty of a soldier. Although he has retired, the blood of a soldier still flows in his veins, but the form of serving the motherland is different. It is my ideal and my responsibility to explore the mysteries of the ocean and help build a maritime power. " Shang Xiaodong said.

  Step into the army and concentrate on teaching

  In 1977, the college entrance examination was resumed, and a classmate of Shang Xiaodong was admitted to the university. "In high school, my grades were better than his. He went to college. Why can’t I?" Shang Xiaodong, who was working as an apprentice in the workshop at that time, once again ignited the infinite desire for knowledge. In 1979, 17-year-old Shang Xiaodong was admitted to Taiyuan University of Technology (formerly Taiyuan Institute of Technology) to study in the Department of Applied Physics.

  In 1983, after graduating from university, Shang Xiaodong was assigned to the Command College of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force (formerly the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force School) as a teacher. When he reported for duty, the receptionist told him, "Step through this gate and you will be enlisted." Shang Xiaodong was stunned and felt a little surprised: "I thought it was impossible to be a soldier in my life, but I didn’t expect to realize my military dream one day."

  Every day before dawn, Shang Xiaodong went out to exercise and practiced basic training for more than three months, quick march, marching forward and saluting … … He began to be strict with himself by the standards of a soldier. The newly established Armed Police Command College is in a difficult situation, with rain and cement roads, sunny days and grey roads, and insufficient teachers. It has to teach three or four hundred students in one class. "At that time, there was no microphone. If the students in the last row heard it, they had to shout. After a few classes, my voice became hoarse. "

  "At that time, everyone gathered from all directions, cherished valuable learning opportunities, and were enthusiastic about contacting new knowledge, hungry and racing against time." Due to poor conditions, Shang Xiaodong’s office is home. During the day, he works here, and at night, it becomes his dormitory. "Some students have learned to forget all about eating and sleeping. They knock on the office door at one or two in the evening and ask me questions." Recalling the scene at that time, Shang Xiaodong still remembers it. "The spirit of studying hard is very touching."

  Shang Xiaodong’s students come from various units, all of whom are selected cadres at the battalion and regiment levels, and some of them later became generals. Facing the students who are ten or twenty years older than himself, he feels very happy to teach. "The troops are highly disciplined, and students will not be naughty in class. When attending classes, their waists are straight." In his view, although he is a teacher, he has also learned a lot from these students.

  "These students are not afraid of hardship. They are excellent in both study and training. They have the character of perseverance and tenacious struggle. It is worth learning from them." Shang Xiaodong believes that the word "teacher" is just a title. "I will learn from you if you are better than me, and everyone is a teacher."

  Besides teaching, Shang Xiaodong is also thinking about what he can do. At that time, when the troops were conducting field training, the stretcher for carrying the wounded was very heavy, and he thought about making some improvements on the stretcher. As soon as he started, he cooperated with universities and spent a year or two developing a collapsible stretcher. "Since then, a seed for scientific research has sprouted in my heart."

  Concentrate on scientific research to fill the gap

  After several years as a teacher, Shang Xiaodong felt that his knowledge was not enough. "Colleagues around you start to have masters, and their knowledge is updated faster and faster. That sense of urgency will continue to drive you forward."

  In 1994, Shang Xiaodong gave up his stable job as a teacher and was admitted to the Department of Mechanics of Tianjin University to study for a master’s degree. "In the past, my students were in their thirties. They studied hard and seriously. Now I am a student in my thirties. As a soldier, I can’t fall behind." Shang Xiaodong said with a smile that the students are all fresh graduates in their early 20 s. Although they may not be as good as them when they first went, they know how to cherish and suffer more when they are older.

  Shang Xiaodong devoted himself to scientific research. In order to complete an experiment, he spent a week in the laboratory every night; In order to ensure the truthfulness and accuracy of the experimental data, he bought his own parts and made his own experimental equipment. "If you are interested in this line, you will stick to it if you encounter difficulties." Shang Xiaodong said.

  Choice determines the direction and path of life. Shang Xiaodong studied for a doctorate and a postdoctoral degree in Hong Kong and the United States. In 2005, after completing his postdoctoral research in the United States, he gave up other options with extremely generous treatment and resolutely returned to China and entered south china sea institute of oceanology.

  "No matter how well it is done abroad, it is also someone else’s. I just want to come back and do something for my country. " This is a straightforward expression of his feelings about his home country, and it is also his real personal practice. He chose the field of marine science and technology, where his scientific research strength was still weak at that time, and was determined to dedicate what he had learned to the cause of a maritime power.

  For a long time, marine observation instruments have been monopolized by foreign countries, which has become a barrier to China’s marine research. Shang Xiaodong has a deep understanding of this point, which also urges him to gnaw hard bones and take the road of independent research and development of marine observation instruments.

  When Shang Xiaodong’s team didn’t develop the "fast temperature sensor for ocean detection", the price of selling it to China abroad was 35,000. I heard that Shang Xiaodong was developing it with his team, and the price was reduced to 25,000 abroad. Shang Xiaodong asked if the price could be reduced to 15,000. The other party clearly replied: "If you sell it at this price, you won’t make money yourself."

  After hard exploration, Shang Xiaodong and his team developed the "Fast Temperature Sensor for Ocean Detection" with the fastest response time in the world, with a response time of 7 milliseconds, which filled the domestic gap and broke the blockade of high-tech products that had been monopolized by foreign countries for a long time. "If the China market needs this kind of sensor in the future, just buy it from Professor Shang. We can’t make such a sensor with high quality and low price." Foreign sellers said.

  Shang Xiaodong knows that innovation is the soul of scientific research. Over the years, with the vision of promoting the construction of a maritime power, he has made a series of achievements in scientific research. He proved the law of heat transport in large-scale circulation driven by buoyancy based on the theory of "turbulent mixing length" by experiments, and clarified the debate in academic circles for more than 40 years. He first estimated the transport, generation and dissipation of mesoscale vortex energy in the global ocean, which has a far-reaching impact on the study of marine material energy transport and global climate change. He developed sensors for the country’s weapon "Haiyi" water glider, which made it "alert and clear" and could accurately detect the observation data of marine environment.

  In addition, as one of the leaders, he built China’s first deep-sea multidisciplinary observation system — — Xisha observation network, and made important scientific discoveries, was named the top ten scientific and technological progress of China Ocean in 2015. "Only by mastering the initiative of scientific and technological innovation will we have the right to speak." In this regard, Shang Xiaodong is deeply touched.

  Leading the scientific research, meticulous.

  In 2010, the scientific research ship "Experiment 3", funded by the National Natural Science Foundation and organized and implemented by the South China Sea Institute of Oceanography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, carried more than 50 scientific researchers to carry out the 2010 multi-disciplinary comprehensive voyage investigation mission in the South China Sea. This is the "maiden voyage" of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Shang Xiaodong, as the chief scientist, carried out this scientific investigation.

  Sailing in the vast sea, there is no signal on the mobile phone, and the shortage of daily necessities is inevitable. "The sea was stormy and the weather was good and bad. One morning, the chef made a bowl of porridge, and the whole pot of porridge was buckled on the deck without waiting for dinner." Shang Xiaodong said that after sailing at sea for a week, there are no fresh vegetables, so you can only eat some ingredients that can be stored for a long time. However, for these expedition members, the curiosity of exploring the deep blue sea is enough to comfort the hard life at sea.

  After more than 30 days, the maiden voyage was a complete success. "At that time, everyone was very excited. We reached 8 degrees north latitude as far as possible and obtained a lot of valuable scientific data. In the past, we often went to 18 degrees north latitude and had to return because of financial constraints." Shang Xiaodong said.

  Since then, Shang Xiaodong has been the chief scientist for many times and led a team to the sea for scientific research. Before each departure, he will conduct a one-day safety training, telling the team members that everything on board should be careful, and the collected data should be checked repeatedly according to the operating specifications, and the scientific investigation should not be vague.

  For scientific research, he is meticulous, often busy until one or two in the middle of the night to get off work; He treats students seriously and responsibly. As long as students have research problems, they can call him 24 hours a day. "Mr. Shang likes to try new things and can blend in with young people. He is always full of energy and infects us." Chi Xu is a doctoral student of Shang Xiaodong. Talking about the tutor, he said: "At the end of a busy day at sea, students will get together to play games and teachers will join in. Teachers know that scientific research tasks should not only ensure everyone’s personal safety, but also take care of students’ emotions. "

  Someone said with a smile that Shang Xiaodong was born in this line of work, and no matter what boat he took, he would never get seasick. But he was glad that he had chosen the ocean. "In the face of the vast sea, human beings are really just a drop in the ocean. We must fear nature and explore the mysteries of the ocean without end."

  Nanfang Daily reporter Wang Xiangbo

  Intern Wang Yaolong

  Coordinator: Li Qiang

通过admin

People’s happy life is the greatest human right.

  People’s happy life is the greatest human right.

  Qiushi magazine editorial department

  "Since the day of its birth, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has made it his initial mission to seek happiness for the people of China and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation, and has been striving for the interests of the people for more than 100 years";

  "After a long and arduous struggle, China has successfully embarked on a road of human rights development that conforms to the trend of the times and suits its national conditions";

  "We have continuously developed people’s democracy throughout the process, promoted the protection of human rights and the rule of law, and safeguarded social fairness and justice. The people of China enjoy broader, fuller and more comprehensive democratic rights. The human rights of the people of China have been guaranteed as never before. ".

  On May 25, 2022, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader met with the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Bachelet, by video in Beijing. Combining the history and culture of China, he expounded in depth the major issues related to the development of human rights in China, and showed China’s principled position of devoting itself to safeguarding and guaranteeing human rights in all directions.

  It is the common pursuit of human society for everyone to fully enjoy human rights; It is the unremitting pursuit of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people to respect and protect human rights. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has insisted on respecting and safeguarding human rights as an important task in governing the country. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has made a series of important expositions and major arrangements, which have promoted the historic achievements of China’s human rights cause and made great contributions to the development of the world’s human rights cause. On February 25th, 2022, the 19th the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held the 37th collective study on the road of human rights development in China. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over the study and delivered an important speech entitled "Unswervingly Taking the Road of Human Rights Development in China to Better Promote the Development of China’s Human Rights Cause", which profoundly summed up the achievements in the development of China’s human rights theory and practice in the new era and put forward clear requirements for better promoting the development of China’s human rights cause in the new journey.

  — — On the historic achievements of China’s human rights cause.Emphasizing the history of the party’s struggle for a hundred years runs through the unremitting efforts of the party to unite and lead the people in striving for, respecting, safeguarding and developing human rights. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have insisted on respecting and safeguarding human rights as an important task in governing the country and promoting historic achievements in China’s human rights cause.

  — — Main features and valuable experience of China’s human rights development road.It is emphasized that we combine the Marxist view of human rights with the concrete reality of China and the excellent Chinese traditional culture, adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), respect the people’s dominant position, proceed from China’s reality, adhere to the basic human rights with the right to subsistence and development as the first priority, adhere to the protection of human rights according to law, and actively participate in global human rights governance, thus embarking on a road of human rights development that conforms to the trend of the times and suits our national conditions.

  — — Key work on promoting the development of human rights in China.Emphasis should be placed on coordinating the two overall situations at home and abroad, deeply understanding the importance and urgency of doing a good job in human rights work, paying more attention to respecting and safeguarding human rights, focusing on promoting the all-round development of human rights undertakings and promoting the healthy development of human rights undertakings in China.

  Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has won the battle against poverty in an all-round way, which has lifted nearly 100 million rural poor people out of poverty, solved the overall regional poverty and completed the arduous task of eliminating absolute poverty. The picture shows a collection of smiling faces (imposition photos) of poverty-stricken people taken in 2020. Xinhua news agency

  This important speech by the Supreme Leader General Secretary is ambitious, rich in connotation and profound in thought. It scientifically clarifies the basic concept and connotation of contemporary China’s concept of human rights, and provides a fundamental follow-up and action guide for the development of China’s human rights cause in the new era.

  Scientific guidelines for the development of human rights in China.

  General Secretary of the Supreme Leader adhered to the Marxist view of human rights, reviewed and summarized the thoughts and viewpoints of ancient thinkers in China and western enlightenment thinkers on human rights, and profoundly stated: "It is the common pursuit of human society to care for human life, value and dignity and realize that everyone enjoys human rights."

  General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has always attached great importance to human rights work. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary has made a comprehensive summary of human rights theory and practical exploration experience, combined with China’s history and reality, published a series of important expositions on respecting and safeguarding human rights, put forward a series of far-reaching new ideas, new ideas and new requirements that occupy the commanding heights of truth and morality, guided China’s human rights cause to make historic achievements in the new era, and contributed China’s wisdom and China’s plan to promote the progress of human rights in the world.

  — — "The governments of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and China have always respected and guaranteed human rights".The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that "since its birth, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has made it its goal to seek happiness for the people and development for mankind". "China insists on combining the principle of universality of human rights with the reality of China, constantly promoting economic and social development, enhancing people’s well-being, promoting social fairness and justice, strengthening the protection of human rights under the rule of law, striving to promote the comprehensive and coordinated development of economic, social and cultural rights and civil and political rights, and significantly improving the level of protection of people’s rights to subsistence and development".

  — — "Unswervingly follow the road of human rights development in China".General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that "there is no universally applicable road to human rights development in the world, and there is no best human rights protection, only better". "We don’t develop the cause of human rights based on the standard proposed by the West. No matter at what stage of development, our human rights cause should be developed in accordance with China’s national conditions and people’s requirements. ""We have combined the Marxist concept of human rights with China’s specific reality and with China’s excellent traditional culture, summed up the successful experience of our party in uniting and leading the people to respect and protect human rights, and used the achievements of outstanding human civilization for reference to embark on a road of human rights development that conforms to the trend of the times and suits our national conditions. "

  — — Pursue the people-centered concept of human rights.General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that "people’s happy life is the greatest human right", "people’s yearning for a better life is our goal" and "promoting economic and social development is, in the final analysis, to continuously meet people’s needs for a better life".

  — — "The right to subsistence and development are the primary human rights".General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that "survival is the basis of enjoying all human rights" and "development is the key to solving all the problems in China". "In the new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, we must put the promotion of common prosperity of all the people in a more important position" and "let the broad masses of the people gain a more substantial, secure and sustainable sense of happiness".

  — — "Put people’s life safety and health in the first place".The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that "human life is the most precious, life is only once, and it will never come again", "health is an inevitable requirement for promoting people’s all-round development", "We must do whatever it takes to protect people’s lives, and we can do it at all costs", "From babies born for more than 30 hours to elderly people over 100 years old, from foreign students studying in China to foreigners coming to China, every life has been fully protected. This is the best interpretation of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s concept of governing for the people! This is the best embodiment of the moral concept of Chinese civilization that human life concerns the sky! This is also the best proof that Chinese people respect the humanistic spirit of life! "

  — — "Promote the all-round development of people".The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that "the fundamental purpose of our Party to lead the people in building a well-off society in an all-round way, carrying out reform, opening up and socialist modernization is to continuously improve people’s material and cultural living standards and promote people’s all-round development by developing social productive forces", "safeguarding the economic, political, cultural and social rights and interests of workers and staff is the fundamental requirement of China’s socialist system and the sacred duty of the party and the state", and "the people of China are striving to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, which will be.

  — — "It is more secure to promote the rights and interests of specific groups such as women and children, the elderly and the disabled".The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that "the Chinese nation is a big family, and all families should live a good life", "women’s rights and interests are basic human rights", "we should adhere to the basic national policy of equality between men and women and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of women and children", "vigorously carry forward the traditional virtues of filial piety and respect for the elderly, implement the preferential treatment policy for the elderly and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the elderly" and "all construction undertakings should include the cause of the disabled and constantly improve the protection system for the rights and interests of the disabled".

  ——“加强人权法治保障,保证人民依法享有广泛权利和自由”。最高领袖总书记强调,“要依法保障全体公民享有广泛的权利,保障公民的人身权、财产权、基本政治权利等各项权利不受侵犯,保证公民的经济、文化、社会等各方面权利得到落实”,“全面依法治国就是要坚持依法治国、依法执政、依法行政共同推进,坚持法治国家、法治政府、法治社会一体建设,推动司法公信力不断提高、人权得到切实尊重和保障”,“让人民群众在每一项法律制度、每一个执法决定、每一宗司法案件中都感受到公平正义”。

  党的十八大以来,在以最高领袖同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下,新疆人权事业不断得到新的发展和进步。图为2021年拍摄的新疆各族群众的笑脸合集(拼版照片)。 新华社发

  ——“为丰富人类文明多样性、推进世界人权事业发展作出更大贡献”。最高领袖总书记强调,“促进和保护人权是全人类的事业”,“中国主张加强不同文明交流互鉴、促进各国人权交流合作,推动各国人权事业更好发展”,“我们应该大力弘扬和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由的全人类共同价值,共同为建设一个更加美好的世界提供正确理念指引”。

  Historical achievements have been made in the cause of human rights in the new era

  Accompanied by the sound of whistle, a train full of goods left the platform from Alashankou railway port in Xinjiang and headed for Central Asia and European countries. In the first four months of 2022, the number of Central European (Central Asian) trains entering and leaving through the two ports of Horgos and Alashankou in Xinjiang has exceeded 4,000, an increase of 4.8% over the same period of last year.

  In recent years, the overall social situation in Xinjiang has been steadily improving, the level of high-quality economic development has been continuously improved, the degree of opening up has been expanding, all ethnic groups have worked together for common prosperity and development, and the political, economic, social and cultural rights of people of all ethnic groups have been effectively guaranteed.

  Today’s Xinjiang is in the best development period in history. The development achievements of Xinjiang are a microcosm of the development of human rights in China. Looking at China, on the vast land of more than 9.6 million square kilometers, everyone can develop themselves and contribute to society with dignity, and enjoy the opportunity to struggle in life and make their dreams come true together.

  In this important speech, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly summarized and systematically combed the historic achievements made in China’s human rights cause since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

  — — "Achieving the goal of the first century, building a well-off society in an all-round way, historically solving the problem of absolute poverty and laying a more solid material foundation for the development of China’s human rights cause".Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has made a strategic plan to resolutely win the battle against poverty, organized and implemented the unprecedented, strongest and most populous battle against poverty in human history, and completed the arduous task of eliminating absolute poverty. A well-off society in an all-round way is a well-off society with economic prosperity, political democracy, cultural prosperity, social justice and good ecology, a well-off society with balanced development of urban and rural areas and benefiting all people, and a well-off society that earnestly respects and comprehensively guarantees human rights. China has built a well-off society in an all-round way, which has consolidated the foundation of human rights, enriched the connotation of human rights and broadened its horizons, which means the all-round development of human rights and the sharing of all people, and has written a new chapter in the cause of human rights in China.

  — — "We will continue to develop people’s democracy throughout the process, promote the protection of human rights by the rule of law, resolutely safeguard social fairness and justice, and the people will enjoy broader, fuller and more comprehensive democratic rights."Good democracy is the foundation of freedom and human rights. The whole process of people’s democracy in China not only has a complete system and procedure, but also has a complete participation in practice, realizing the unity of process democracy and achievement democracy, procedural democracy and substantive democracy, direct democracy and indirect democracy, people’s democracy and national will. It is a full-chain, all-round and full-coverage democracy and the most extensive, authentic and effective socialist democracy.

  — — "Promote the realization of more adequate and higher-quality employment, build the largest education system, social security system and medical and health system in the world, and vigorously improve the quality of people’s living environment".The people’s yearning for a better life is our goal. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have continuously made new progress in providing education for young children, learning and teaching, earning income from labor, getting medical care for the sick, providing for the old, living and helping the weak. China has built the largest social security system in the world, including pension, medical care and social assistance. Citizens’ right to education is guaranteed, and free compulsory education in urban and rural areas is fully realized; Historical changes have taken place in the ecological environment, and the green map under the blue sky and white clouds is constantly expanding. Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets’s concept has become the consensus and action of the whole party and society.

  — — "Adhere to the people first, life first, effectively respond to the COVID-19 epidemic, and protect people’s life safety and health to the maximum extent".In the face of the sudden outbreak of COVID-19, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core put people’s life safety and health first, insisted on putting people first, putting life first, keeping external defense input and internal defense rebound, keeping dynamic zero clearing, and making overall plans for epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, which protected people’s life safety and health to the maximum extent, and achieved significant strategic results in the fight against epidemic.

  — — "Fully implement the party’s ethnic and religious policies, adhere to the equality of all ethnic groups, respect the religious beliefs of the masses, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the people of all ethnic groups".Our Party insists on building a strong sense of the Chinese national community as the main line of the Party’s national work, establishes the Party’s strategies of governing Tibet and Xinjiang in the new era, consolidates and develops socialist ethnic relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmony, and has embarked on a correct road to solve ethnic problems with China characteristics. Adhere to the China orientation of China’s religions and actively guide religions to adapt to the socialist society.

  — — "Deepen the reform of the judicial system, strengthen the construction of a peaceful China and a China ruled by law, carry out in-depth education and rectification of political and legal personnel, comprehensively carry out a special struggle to eliminate evils, severely crack down on all kinds of illegal crimes, maintain long-term social stability, and effectively protect people’s lives and property."The rule of law is an important guarantee of human rights. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has made a major strategic plan to comprehensively govern the country according to law from the height of promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and has placed respect and protection of human rights in a more prominent position in the construction of a socialist country ruled by law, thus opening a new era in the construction of human rights ruled by law in China.

  — — "The only major country in the world that has continuously formulated and implemented four national human rights action plans".China unswervingly promotes the development of human rights and responds to the United Nations initiative to formulate a national human rights action plan. Since 2009, four national human rights action plans have been formulated and implemented successively, which have promoted the continuous improvement of people’s living standards and ensured all rights more effectively, and made important contributions to the development of human rights in the world. The United Nations Human Rights Council and international human rights experts have highly affirmed China’s continuous formulation and implementation of the national human rights action plan.

  — — "Actively participating in global human rights governance, making China contribution to the development of human rights in the world and providing China’s plan".Taking the road of human rights development that suits you is an important foundation for the healthy development of international human rights. The unprecedented protection of the human rights of more than 1.4 billion people in China is itself a great contribution to the progress of international human rights. China insists on combining the principle of universality of human rights with the reality of China, and insists on taking the right to subsistence and development as the primary basic human rights, which has provided important experience for the development of human rights in all countries, especially in developing countries. In recent years, resolutions of the United Nations Human Rights Council have been written into "Building a Community of Human Destiny", and the United Nations Human Rights Council has won wide approval and support from the international community through resolutions such as "Development’s contribution to the enjoyment of all human rights" and "Promoting win-win cooperation in the field of human rights" proposed by China.

  成功走出了中国特色人权发展道路

  1991年11月,《中国的人权状况》白皮书发布。30多年来,我国又陆续发布《西藏的主权归属与人权状况》、《中国人权事业的进展》、《中国司法领域人权保障的新进展》、《中国的减贫行动与人权进步》、《新疆人权事业的发展进步》、《全面建成小康社会:中国人权事业发展的光辉篇章》等多个人权主题的白皮书。特别是2021年6月,在中国共产党成立100周年之际发布的《中国共产党尊重和保障人权的伟大实践》白皮书,全面介绍了中国共产党推进中国人权事业发展的历程、理念和成就,系统阐释了中国人权发展道路的伟大实践、鲜明特点和世界意义。

  There is no ready-made rules and regulations to respect, protect and develop human rights in China. We must proceed from our own reality and follow our own path of human rights development. In this important speech, the Supreme Leader General Secretary summarized the main characteristics of China’s human rights development path from six aspects, such as "adhering to the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership".

  — — "Adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC)".Without the Communist Party of China (CPC), there would be no new China, and there would be no happy life for the people of China. The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership is the fundamental guarantee for the development of human rights in Chinese and the fuller enjoyment of human rights by the people of China. China adheres to the unity of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership, the socialist system and the respect and protection of human rights. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly stated: "the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership and China’s socialist system have determined the socialist nature of China’s human rights cause, and determined that we can ensure that the people are masters of their own affairs, adhere to equal sharing of human rights, persist in planning human rights construction with systematic thinking, promote the all-round development of all kinds of human rights, and constantly realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people."

  — — "Insist on respecting the people’s dominant position".Whether a country’s human rights situation is good or not depends on whether its people’s interests are safeguarded and whether people’s sense of gain, happiness and security is enhanced, which is the most important criterion to test a country’s human rights situation. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "Taking the people’s interests as the starting point and the end result, constantly solving the most direct and realistic interests of the people, and striving to make the people live a happy life, this is the greatest human right." Human rights are not the privilege enjoyed by some people or a few people, but the universal human rights enjoyed by the broad masses of the people. We protect the people’s democratic rights, fully stimulate the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of the broad masses of the people, make the people the main participants, promoters and beneficiaries of the development of human rights, and effectively promote the all-round development of people and the common prosperity of all people to achieve more obvious substantive progress.

  — — "Insist on proceeding from China’s reality".Different countries have different national conditions, different historical cultures, different social systems, and different levels of economic and social development. Therefore, we must and can only proceed from our own reality and people’s needs to explore a path of human rights development that suits us. Being divorced from reality and completely copying other countries’ institutional models will not only be acclimatized, but also bring disastrous consequences, and the people will ultimately suffer. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader clearly pointed out: "The development path of human rights in all countries must be decided according to their national conditions and the wishes of their own people." We combine the principle of universality of human rights with the reality of China, promote the development of human rights from China’s national conditions and people’s requirements, and ensure that people enjoy extensive, full, real, concrete and effective human rights according to law.

  — — Adhere to the basic human rights with the right to subsistence and development as the first priority.The connotation of human rights is comprehensive and rich, and it must be comprehensively implemented and systematically promoted. For developing countries, the right to subsistence and development are the primary human rights. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Survival is the basis of enjoying all human rights, and people’s happy life is the greatest human right." We fully, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, adhere to the people-centered development idea, insist that development is for the people, development depends on the people, and development results are shared by the people, focus on solving the most direct and realistic interests that the people are most concerned about, focus on solving the problem of insufficient development imbalance, and strive to achieve higher quality, more efficient, fairer, more sustainable and safer development, so as to enrich the people’s sense of acquisition, happiness and security in development.

  — — Adhere to the protection of human rights according to law.The rule of law is the basic way of governing the country, and human rights are the symbol of human civilization and progress. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "the rule of law is the most effective guarantee of human rights". It is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s firm will and unremitting pursuit to govern the country according to law in an all-round way, improve the level of legal protection of human rights in an all-round way, and ensure that people enjoy more full rights and freedoms. We adhere to equality before the law, respect and protect human rights throughout all aspects of legislation, law enforcement, judicature and law-abiding, speed up the improvement of the legal system that embodies fairness in rights, opportunities and rules, protect citizens’ personal rights, property rights and personality rights, protect citizens’ basic political rights such as democratic election, democratic consultation, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision, and protect citizens’ economic, cultural, social and environmental rights.

  At the Beijing Paralympic Winter Games, the athletes of the China delegation participated in all events, bravely surpassed, strived for self-improvement, and worked hard in unity, playing a tenacious and optimistic song of life, which not only reflected the sports spirit and strength of the disabled, but also reflected the achievements of human rights protection and national development in China. The picture shows Yang Hongqiong, an athlete of the China delegation, competing in the short distance (sitting position group) of the Paralympic cross-country skiing on March 9, 2022. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yang Guanyu/photo

  — — "Insist on actively participating in global human rights governance".The development of human rights is the common cause of all mankind and requires the joint efforts of all countries in the world. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "All countries have the right to choose their own path of human rights development, and different civilizations and countries should respect each other, tolerate each other, communicate with each other and learn from each other." We have always adhered to the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, actively participated in global human rights governance, promoted the common values of all mankind, practiced true multilateralism, actively participated in the reform and construction of the global governance system, including human rights, and promoted the building of a community of human destiny, not only striving to improve the level of human rights development in our country, but also actively promoting the development of international human rights.

  These "six persistences" are not only the main features of China’s human rights development, but also the valuable experience of China’s human rights development, which must be constantly adhered to and developed in light of new practices.

  Promote the healthy development of China’s human rights cause

  "The governments of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and China adhere to the people-centered development ideology, always put the people’s interests in the supreme position, take the people’s yearning for a better life as the goal, and constantly improve the level of respecting and safeguarding the basic rights of the people of China."

  Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, and under the scientific guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era of the Supreme Leader, our party has led the people to achieve the goal of the first century of struggle as scheduled, and fulfilled the solemn commitment made to the people and history. Now, our party leads the people to start a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and marching towards the goal of the second century, which is a new starting point for the development of Chinese’s rights cause. In this important speech, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made key arrangements for promoting the healthy development of China’s human rights cause from five aspects.

  — — "Promoting the all-round development of human rights".On the new journey, how to promote the all-round development of human rights? The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward a clear request: "Adhere to the road of human rights development in China, conform to the people’s expectations for a high-quality and better life, constantly meet the people’s growing demand for rights in many aspects, make overall plans to promote the construction of economic development, democracy and the rule of law, ideology and culture, fairness and justice, social governance, environmental protection, etc., and comprehensively do a good job in employment, income distribution, education, social security, medical care, housing, pension, child care, etc., in material civilization,

  — — "Strengthening the protection of human rights by law".The fundamental purpose of governing the country in an all-round way according to law is to protect people’s rights and interests according to law. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward two requirements: First, deepen the reform in the field of the rule of law, improve the mechanism for safeguarding human rights by the rule of law, and realize the full chain, whole process and all-round coverage of respecting and safeguarding human rights in legislation, law enforcement, judicature and law-abiding, so that the people can feel fairness and justice in every legal system, every law enforcement decision and every judicial case. The second is to systematically study, plan and solve outstanding problems that the people have strongly reflected in the field of rule of law, treat people’s demands fairly according to law, and resolutely put an end to things that hurt people’s feelings and harm people’s rights and interests due to judicial injustice. The general secretary particularly emphasized that "all acts that infringe upon the legitimate rights of the masses and all phenomena that are indifferent and indifferent to the infringement of the rights and interests of the masses must be seriously investigated and dealt with according to discipline and law, and resolutely pursued."

  — — "Carry forward the correct concept of human rights".The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward six requirements: First, extensively carry out human rights publicity and knowledge popularization, and create a good atmosphere for respecting and safeguarding human rights in the whole society. The second is to carry out human rights knowledge education among all the people, especially the vast number of teenagers, and bring the education of Marxist human rights view and contemporary China human rights view into the national education system. The third is to strengthen the human rights knowledge training for public officials, especially grass-roots public officials. The fourth is to give full play to the advantages of group organizations and promote the rights and interests of specific groups such as women and children, the elderly and the disabled. Fifth, relying on the vivid practice of the development of China’s human rights cause, refining original concepts and developing China’s human rights discipline system, academic system and discourse system. Sixth, strengthen the construction of human rights think tanks and human rights research bases, and strive to train a group of high-end human rights experts with solid theory, excellent academic skills, familiarity with international rules and the ability to tell human rights stories in China.

  — — "Actively promote global human rights governance".General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed that the people of China are willing to work with the people of other countries to uphold the common human values of peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy and freedom, safeguard human dignity and rights, promote the formation of a more just, reasonable and inclusive global human rights governance, jointly build a community of human destiny and create a better future for the world. In this important speech, the General Secretary put forward requirements from three aspects: First, carry forward the common values of all mankind, adhere to the concepts of equality, mutual trust, tolerance and mutual learning, win-win cooperation and common development, and promote the development of global human rights governance in a more fair, just, reasonable and inclusive direction. Second, actively participate in United Nations human rights affairs, extensively carry out international human rights exchanges and cooperation with other countries, especially developing countries, and play a constructive role. Third, give full play to the role of the China Society for Human Rights Studies and the China Foundation for Human Rights Development, and enhance their influence on multilateral human rights institutions such as the United Nations.

  On May 7th, 2021, the diplomatic envoys of 13 countries attending the Seminar on Poverty Reduction, Development and Human Rights in China in Ningde, Fujian visited north village, Qidu Town. China News Agency issued Chi Rong/photo

  — — "Actively carry out the international human rights struggle".Human rights are historical, concrete and realistic, and we cannot talk about human rights in isolation from the social and political conditions and historical and cultural traditions of different countries. Evaluating whether a country has human rights cannot be measured by the standards of other countries, let alone double standards, or even regard human rights as a political tool to interfere in other countries’ internal affairs. In recent years, some western countries’ own human rights problems have become increasingly prominent, but they have used human rights issues to interfere in other countries’ internal affairs under the banner of so-called "universal human rights" and "human rights are above sovereignty", resulting in frequent wars, long-term social unrest and people’s displacement in some countries. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader clearly pointed out that on the issue of human rights, there is no need for "teachers" who dictate to other countries, let alone politicizing and instrumentalizing human rights issues, engaging in double standards and interfering in other countries’ internal affairs under the pretext of human rights. In this important speech, the general secretary put forward four requirements: First, grasp the strategic initiative. Second, focus on telling China’s human rights story well, and use visual and concrete expressions to enhance the attraction, appeal and influence of contemporary China’s human rights view. The third is to maximize the international consensus on human rights and occupy the moral commanding heights of human rights. Fourth, guide overseas China enterprises to enhance their human rights awareness and self-confidence, and effectively deal with the human rights abuse cases planned by some western countries.

  The times are developing and human rights are progressing. China, in combination with its own reality, has embarked on a road of human rights development suited to its own national conditions. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, and under the scientific guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era of the Supreme Leader, the people of China will continue to write a new chapter in the cause of human rights in China and make greater contributions to enriching the diversity of human civilization and promoting the development of human rights in the world!

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How do foreign cities accept congestion charges? London: 11 pounds a day

  The congestion charge policy that has been mentioned many times will be "real" in Beijing this year. The Beijing Municipal Political Consultative Conference held a consultation meeting on smog control last week. The relevant departments in Beijing said that they have initially formulated the policy scheme and technical scheme for traffic congestion charging, and are currently in the stage of further in-depth research and demonstration. In addition, they have initially formulated the charging policy and scheme by learning from the experience of Singapore and London. So in Singapore, London and other cities with similar congestion charges, has the traffic situation improved?

  Singapore: ERP system charges per time

  Singapore is the first country in the world to expropriate congestion charges. In 1998, Singapore began to implement the Electronic Toll Collection System (ERP), which charges vehicles according to the real-time traffic congestion. But long before ERP, Singapore has restricted the time for vehicles to enter the city center every week by issuing permits. Simply put, ERP system is to set up toll gates on busy roads and highways. Each gate is marked with the charging standard for entering the road section during this period, and vehicles will have to pay the fee as long as they enter the road during the charging period. Different types of vehicles implement different charging standards.

  At present, ERP is a per-charge, that is, every time you enter a toll road, you need to pay a fee. However, the charging standard of each road at different time periods changes in real time. Specifically, the system will calculate the charging standard according to the average speed of the area. If the average speed in urban areas is less than 20km/h (20km/h to 30km/h is the best speed range for keeping traffic smooth), or the average speed of expressways is less than 45km/h, congestion charges will start to increase. The lower the speed, the higher the price, and the charge of each gate is adjusted every half hour during busy hours.

  According to the experience of the Global Times reporter, between 8: 00 am and 9: 00 am, and between 5: 00 pm and 7: 00 pm, the ERP of busy roads in urban areas will be as high as S $3 each time (S $1 is about 4.77 RMB), and the highest is S $6. Generally speaking, vehicles passing through busy roads will not only pass through a toll gate, so the daily congestion charge is really not a small expense.

  Although the number of vehicles is strictly limited by the high car license, with the increase of the total number of vehicles, the number of gates of ERP in Singapore is also increasing. From 2004 to 2014, the number of ERP gates in Singapore increased from 45 to 77. The amount of ERP fees has also been continuously raised.

  In order to rationalize the charges as much as possible, the calculation formula of ERP in Singapore will be adjusted every three months. For example, the Singapore Land Transport Bureau has just announced that during the school holiday in June, 23 toll gates on 13 sections of the island will be lowered by 50 cents to S $1. And this amount will be adjusted again in August.

  Although the high fees make drivers dissatisfied, data from the Singapore government show that ERP has really changed the public’s travel habits. According to statistics, ERP has reduced the traffic volume in downtown Singapore by 13% and increased the average speed during rush hours by 20%. In 2014, the average speed of expressways in Singapore was 64.1 km/h, and the speed of CBD and main roads was 28.9 km/h, both reaching the standards set by the Land Transport Bureau. In addition, the Singapore government is also actively developing the second generation ERP, which will be more scientific and reasonable based on the global positioning system and the actual distance traveled by vehicles on congested roads.

  It is worth mentioning that the success of ERP system in Singapore is based on its developed and convenient public transport system. According to statistics, the number of public transport passengers in Singapore has increased for ten years in a row, and the public’s satisfaction with the public transport system services is as high as 91.8%. It can be said that it is the comfort and convenience of public transportation that is the prerequisite for ERP to play a role in traffic congestion control.

  London: The "congestion charge" is 250 million pounds a year.

  The Global Times reporter observed that most Londoners choose subway, train, light rail, bus and other public transport or ride bicycles, and few people drive to work, which is not only because of the limited parking spaces and high parking fees in the city center, but also related to higher congestion charges.

  Congestion charges in London has been levied since 2003, and it is implemented in the "congestion charging zone" covering the whole financial district and commercial and entertainment district of London from 7 am to 6 pm every Monday to Friday, except weekends and public holidays. The London traffic closed-circuit television camera network will capture the license plate of the vehicle entering the "congestion charging area", and the owner must pay the fee before midnight that day. If he fails to pay the fee on time, he will face a daily cumulative fine. The congestion charge in London was originally 5 pounds per day (1 pound is about 9.62 yuan), which rose to 8 pounds per day in July 2005 and 11.5 pounds per day again in June 2014.

  When Livingston, then mayor of London, planned to levy congestion charges in 2003, he was strongly opposed by motor vehicle owners. However, in the past ten years, the expropriation of congestion charges did not cause traffic paralysis, but brought immediate effect, reducing the traffic volume in the heart of the British capital by about 15%.

  According to the regulations, transport for london must return the collected congestion charges to the reinvestment of public transport, improve the urban environment, increase road safety and develop public transport. In the ten fiscal years from 2003 to 2013, congestion charges’s total revenue reached 2.6 billion pounds, of which 46% was reinvested in the construction of transportation system; According to transport for london’s annual report for the fiscal year 2014-2015, the congestion fee revenue was 257 million pounds, equivalent to 8.5% of the annual revenue of the Transportation Bureau.

  Italy: Pass for Payment Office in Restricted Zone

  In order to limit the flow of motor vehicles in certain places, such as downtown tourist areas, most cities in Italy have traffic restricted zones, which generally prohibit vehicles without permits from entering during working hours. For example, the traffic restricted zone in downtown Rome is closed from 6: 30 am to 6: 00 pm every Monday to Friday. Residents’ vehicles living in the restricted area are not affected by this restriction. In addition, public transport such as buses and taxis are also outside the restricted objects.

  Italy is one of the countries with the highest motor vehicle ownership rate in the world, with an average of more than 60 motor vehicles per 100 people, and the ownership rate in big cities such as Rome and Milan even approaches or exceeds 1 per person. Driving is Italy’s favorite mode of transportation, but the establishment of traffic restricted zone has not affected the normal travel of ordinary residents. Because there are many one-way lanes and branch routes, you can still reach your destination by bypassing the no-go zone. If the owner must pass through the restricted zone within the restricted time due to special reasons, he can also apply for the restricted zone pass by paying about 2,300 euros per year (including the parking fee in the restricted zone, 1 euro is about 7.33 yuan). The unlicensed trespassing in the restricted area will pay a fine of about 100 euros each time.

  Different from cities such as London and Singapore, the purpose of setting up traffic restricted zones in Italian cities is to limit the traffic flow and ensure the safety of tourists. Italy is a country with the largest number of world heritages. In order to ensure that tourists’ sightseeing is not affected by excessive traffic, most traffic restricted areas are located in the historical center of the city center.

  Secondly, reducing the driving of motor vehicles will help to keep the pollution in the restricted area at a low level and reduce the damage to historical sites. Take the Colosseum in the center of Rome as an example. Due to the attack of automobile exhaust in previous decades, the exterior wall surface of the marble Colosseum gradually changed from beeswax to dark brown. The Italian cultural relics protection department spent about 20 million euros in the past two years to complete the surface cleaning work and make the Colosseum glow again. Because there are also many unexplored underground relics, a large number of motor vehicles will crush the ground and cause permanent damage to these relics. In addition to the restricted area, some areas will even be set as no-go areas, and all motor vehicles are prohibited from passing except public transportation.(Special correspondent of Global Times in Italy, Britain and Singapore Han Bingzhen, Sun Wei and Wang Zhe)

[Editor: He Ting]
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The 2024 Wuling Hongguang MINIEV added a 120km model to the market, starting at RMB35,800.

On August 22nd, 2024 Wuling Hongguang MINIEV added two new models to the market today, with the official guide price of 35,800 yuan for the 120km version and 41,800 yuan for the 170km ternary lithium battery version.

At present, the 2024 Hongguang MINIEV has five models on sale.The official guide price range is 35,800-46,800 yuan.. The IT House is organized as follows:

In terms of configuration, the size of the newly added 120km model is 3064 *1493*1614mm.The wheelbase is 2010 mm.. The car is equipped with 7-inch color LCD combination instrument, knob electronic gear shifting mechanism, reversing image, rear reversing radar, main driving airbag, App remote inquiry of power/remaining cruising range, App remote control of door/vehicle search (flashing lights, honking) and other functions.

The configuration and price of the two battery versions of the 170km version are the same. On the basis of the entry model,Add passenger airbag, roof rack and 8-inch central control panel., the battery capacity increased to 13.4kW?h.

In terms of power, both models are equipped with a driving motor with a maximum power of 20kW, a maximum torque of 85N?m and a maximum speed of 100km/h..