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　　Neijiang, Sichuan, three days before the college entrance examination, senior three students took a group photo in the classroom. Bright pictures/vision china

　　editorial comment/note

　　The 2018 college entrance examination starts today.

　　This year, the first batch boarded the college entrance examination arena after 00;

　　This year, due to the integration of vocational colleges and other factors, the number of registered candidates reached 9.75 million, an increase of 350,000 over last year, the largest number of candidates in the past eight years;

　　This year, many provinces have announced new college entrance examination plans. With the reform of college entrance examination, only the situation of liberal arts and science has been broken, and students’ right to choose has expanded dramatically.

　　China Education Online recently released the "Investigation Report on 2018", which allows us to perceive the new changes and trends of the college entrance examination through data and charts.

　　1. The proportion of admission is rising, and the contradiction of further education is basically solved.

　　The number of applicants for the college entrance examination ushered in an inflection point, and the number of students studying abroad continued to rise.

　　The number of applicants for the national college entrance examination dropped sharply after reaching the historical peak of 10.5 million in 2008, and it began to stop falling and stabilize in 2014. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Education, the number of applicants for the national college entrance examination in 2017 totaled 9.4 million, the same as in 2016. The number of applicants for the national college entrance examination has been stable at around 9.4 million for four consecutive years. In 2018, the number of applicants for the college entrance examination ushered in another growth, hitting a new high in eight years.

　　However, in the long run, the basis of college entrance examination students has not changed fundamentally. In 2014 and 2015, the enrollment of ordinary high schools remained at the level of 7.97 million, and in 2016, the enrollment of ordinary high schools was 8.03 million, with little change. At present, the increase in the number of applicants for the college entrance examination should be mainly due to the country’s emphasis on vocational education and the continuous opening of secondary vocational education channels in various places.

　　According to demographic data, the national birth rate has been declining since the 1980s. China’s birth population reached its peak in 1990, exceeding 26 million. Since then, the number of newborn babies in China has shown an obvious downward trend. In the past ten years, the number of newborns has been below 16 million for a long time. Stimulated by the two-child policy, it rose by 1.31 million in 2016, but it fell by more than 630,000 in 2017 and fell to 17 million again.

　　At the same time, according to the latest data released by the Ministry of Education, in 2017, the number of Chinese students studying abroad exceeded 600,000 for the first time, reaching 608,400, an increase of 11.74% year-on-year, and continued to maintain the status of the world’s largest source country for international students.

　　The admission rate has risen steadily, and many places have reached new highs.

　　According to the statistical bulletin of national economic and social development in 2017 published by the National Bureau of Statistics, in the 2017 college entrance examination, there were 7.615 million students enrolled in general colleges, and the actual admission rate of the national college entrance examination reached 81.01%. The proportion of college entrance examinations in various places has been rising, and the contradiction of further education has been basically solved.

　　The actual admission rate in Henan Province continues to rise.

　　In 2017, the total number of applicants for the Henan college entrance examination was 865,800, an increase of 45,300 compared with 2016, still ranking first in the country. This is also the third consecutive year that the number of applicants for the college entrance examination in Henan has rebounded sharply after six consecutive losses.

　　As one of the areas with the lowest admission rate in the national college entrance examination, the actual admission rate of Henan college entrance examination has continued to rise in recent years. In 2016, the actual admission rate was 85%, a record. In 2017, a total of 728,500 freshmen were enrolled, and the actual admission rate was 84.14%, which was still at a high level.

　　The actual admission rate in Shandong Province is above 80% on the whole.

　　According to the data released by Shandong Education Admissions Examination Institute, a total of 683,200 people (including the spring college entrance examination) took the college entrance examination in Shandong in 2017, a decrease of 26,600 compared with 709,900 in 2016. This is the first time that the number of applicants for the Shandong college entrance examination has dropped after four years of continuous increase.

　　Since 2011, the actual admission rate of Shandong college entrance examination has been above 80%. 2011 — It reached a high point in 2013, then fell back and began to pick up in 2016. In 2017, the total number of students enrolled in the Shandong college entrance examination was 580,400, and the actual admission rate of the college entrance examination was 84.95%, an increase of 2.8 percentage points over 2016.

　　Jiangsu Province has not completed the enrollment plan for four consecutive years.

　　In 2017, the number of applicants for the college entrance examination in Jiangsu was 330,100, a decrease of more than 30,000 compared with the previous year. This is the eighth consecutive year that the number of applicants for the college entrance examination in Jiangsu has decreased, a decrease of more than 210,000 compared with 2009.

　　Since the number of colleges and universities in Jiangsu ranks first in the country, in 2016, there were even more enrollment plans than applicants.

　　In 2017, the total enrollment plan of Jiangsu college entrance examination was 323,600, and finally 303,400 people were admitted. The actual admission rate was 91.91%, a record high. However, there are still more than 20,000 enrollment plans unfinished, which is the fourth consecutive year that Jiangsu has not completed the enrollment plan.

　　Hebei Province has achieved double growth in the number of applicants and the actual number of students admitted to the college entrance examination for three consecutive years.

　　According to the data released by Hebei Education Examinations Institute, the number of applicants for Hebei college entrance examination in 2018 was 486,400, a year-on-year increase of 50,200, rising for the third consecutive year. In 2017, 401,200 candidates were actually enrolled in Hebei college entrance examination, and the actual number of students enrolled exceeded 400,000 for the first time, achieving double growth in the number of college entrance examination applicants and the actual number of students admitted for three consecutive years.

　　In 2016, the actual admission rate of Hebei college entrance examination exceeded 90% for the first time, and in 2017 it exceeded 91%.

　　On the one hand, the number of people admitted to the college entrance examination in Hebei and the admission rate have maintained a double growth, on the other hand, the plan of high-tech recruitment has not been completed for five consecutive years. In 2017, a total of 1,674 colleges and universities nationwide enrolled students in Hebei Province, with a total of 408,700 undergraduate and specialist programs, and 401,200 candidates were actually enrolled, with a total unfinished amount of 7,500.

　　Due to various reasons, it has been common in all parts of the country to fail to complete the enrollment plan. Although the actual enrollment ratio fluctuates, it is obviously not caused by insufficient enrollment plan, but more because candidates give up the opportunity to study.

　　2. The scale of independent enrollment is stable and the competition is fierce

　　As an important measure of the reform of college enrollment system, autonomous enrollment expands the ways and channels of scientific talent selection, so that those students with academic expertise and innovative potential have more opportunities to receive college education.

　　The admission rate of independent enrollment is at a low level.

　　In recent years, with the growth of the number of self-enrollment applicants, the number of self-enrollment applicants who have passed the examination is also on the rise. According to the public information of Sunshine College Entrance Examination Platform, the number of people who passed the examination of independent enrollment in many first-class universities, including Tsinghua University and Peking University, increased in 2018 compared with the previous year.

　　According to the requirements of the Ministry of Education, the number of self-enrollment can’t exceed 5% of the total annual undergraduate enrollment plan of pilot schools. Therefore, with the increase in the number of applicants and the overall stability of self-enrollment plans of colleges and universities, the competition for self-enrollment will become more intense.

　　According to the public information of Sunshine College Entrance Examination Platform, the number of independent enrollment plans of Fudan University in 2017 does not exceed 155, and the actual enrollment is 58, which is 97 people different from the maximum number of enrollment plans; The number of independent enrollment plans of Zhejiang University in 2017 does not exceed 320, and the actual enrollment is 166, which is 154 people different from the upper limit of enrollment plans; In 2017, Xiamen University enrolled 262 students independently, and actually enrolled 127 students, which was 135 people different from the upper limit of the enrollment plan. Obviously, all schools are strict in the implementation of national policies and basically control them within the scope.

　　Most students are willing to participate in independent enrollment.

　　Although the competition for self-enrollment is becoming increasingly fierce, most students are still keen to participate in self-enrollment because of the reduction of exam difficulty and the reduction of score discrimination. According to the self-enrollment survey conducted by China Education Online for senior high school students, 80% of the students indicated that they have plans to participate in self-enrollment in the future.

　　According to the survey, students’ strong comprehensive ability and expertise in some aspects are the main reasons for encouraging them to participate in independent enrollment, accounting for 60.38%.

　　Zhejiang’s "Trinity" enrollment model is favored by colleges and universities.

　　In 2011, Zhejiang began to try the "trinity" enrollment model in provincial colleges and universities, that is, the candidates’ scores in the national examination, the test scores of candidates in colleges and universities and the college entrance examination scores were converted into comprehensive scores according to a certain proportion, and then they were selected for admission. This recruitment model takes care of the traditional college entrance examination, middle school evaluation, college evaluation and other multi-dimensional evaluations to the greatest extent, and effectively supplements the deficiency of the traditional college entrance examination, which is favored by colleges and universities.

　　In 2017, Zhejiang’s "Trinity" comprehensive evaluation enrollment, in addition to more than 40 universities in the province, there are also 8 universities outside the province and affiliated universities to participate in enrollment. These eight schools are Peking University, Tsinghua University, Fudan University, Zhejiang University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China University of Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), with a total enrollment plan of 1,554 students.

　　According to the information disclosed on the enrollment websites of various schools, in 2017, Tsinghua University enrolled 150 people in Zhejiang, including 105 candidates in the "Trinity", accounting for 70%; China University of Science and Technology plans to enroll 115 students in Zhejiang in 2017, including 100 students enrolled in the Trinity Program, accounting for 86.95%. In 2017, the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences planned to enroll 41 students in Zhejiang, including 39 students enrolled in the "Trinity" program, accounting for 95.12%.

　　However, considering the technical difficulty of specific practice, it is unlikely that this model will be implemented on a large scale.

　　3. The pilot provinces of the new college entrance examination reform explore ways to comprehensively promote the college entrance examination reform.

　　In 2017, the new college entrance examination reform successfully landed in Shanghai, Zhejiang Province, which provided useful experience for comprehensively promoting the college entrance examination reform in the next step. In November 2017, the People’s Government of Zhejiang Province issued "Several Opinions on Further Deepening the Comprehensive Reform of College Entrance Examination" (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions"). The reform scheme has been improved, especially the comprehensive and systematic adjustment of the high school academic level test, which has effectively solved the problems of class selection, examination frequency and the decline of the number of physics candidates.

　　Students choose diversification, and only 10% and 17% choose traditional arts and sciences.

　　The reform of college entrance examination has expanded students’ right to choose, breaking the previous limit of only two choices: liberal arts and science. According to statistics, in 2017, the number of students who chose traditional science subjects in Zhejiang dropped from 63% to 17%, and the number of students who chose traditional liberal arts subjects dropped from 37% to 10%. More students chose three elective subjects, which fully reflected individuality and diversity.

　　After the reform measures of Zhejiang new college entrance examination are improved, the advantages of physics examiners are fully reflected.

　　Students’ independent choice of subjects not only shows students’ personality, but also brings the problem of physics "being cold". According to the statistics of Zhejiang Education Examinations Institute, in the 2017 college entrance examination, among the 291,300 college entrance examination students in Zhejiang (250,100 students enrolled in ordinary colleges and universities, 41,200 students enrolled in separate examinations, and the number of students enrolled in examinations can only be based on the number of students enrolled in ordinary colleges and universities), the number of students enrolled in physics is 89,500, accounting for 35%.

　　In the new college entrance examination held in November 2017, the number of physics students in the third year of high school in 2018 declined again. According to the data released by Zhejiang Education Examinations Institute, the number of students enrolled in the 2018 senior three exams was more than 255,000, including more than 73,000 in physics, accounting for less than 30%.

　　The decline in the number of physics candidates in Zhejiang’s new college entrance examination has aroused widespread concern in society. In fact, according to the requirements for major selection of more than 1,400 colleges and universities enrolled in Zhejiang in 2014, if you choose physics, 91% of the majors are unrestricted, ranking first in all subjects. However, because of the low input-output ratio of physics, the number of students who choose physics is not as good as biology and chemistry, ranking second from the bottom.

　　In November 2017, the People’s Government of Zhejiang Province issued "Several Opinions on Further Deepening the Comprehensive Reform of College Entrance Examination". According to the "Opinions", Zhejiang will establish a guarantee mechanism for elective subjects in the future, of which the number of physical elective subjects is 65,000. That is to say, once the number of students assigned to an examination of physics subjects is less than the guaranteed number, the guarantee mechanism will be started, with 65,000 as the base, and the scores will be assigned from high to low according to the prescribed proportion.

　　In order to effectively guide candidates’ parents to make rational choices and promote students’ all-round development, the Ministry of Education issued the "Guidelines on the Requirements for Undergraduate Admissions in Colleges and Universities (Trial)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Guidelines of the Ministry of Education") in early 2018. At the beginning of May, Zhejiang Education Examinations Institute issued a notice, requiring that from the year of enrollment in 2020, the elective subjects of relevant majors in colleges and universities should be determined according to the Guidelines of the Ministry of Education, and some professional candidates must meet two or three elective subjects at the same time.

　　According to the statistics published by Zhejiang Education Examinations Institute, among the more than 27,000 majors to be enrolled in Zhejiang in 2020, the number of majors limited to physics accounts for 22.17% of all enrollment majors. In the previously published "Scope of Selected Subjects for Majors (Classes) in Zhejiang Colleges and Universities in 2017", the proportion was only 3.9%. It can be seen that the number of physics majors required to be selected has increased significantly.

　　At the same time, relevant departments have also studied and adjusted the scoring method to attract candidates to apply for "low input-output ratio" subjects such as physics, guide rational choice and grow in an all-round way.

　　Under the guidance of the above comprehensive measures, the phenomenon of the decline in the number of physics candidates has been effectively curbed, and the emergence of similar phenomena in other subjects has been put an end to.

　　Most candidates give up physics because of their "high difficulty and low score" and fear of losing money in admission. Judging from the actual admission situation in 2017, the candidates who took the physics exam not only did not suffer losses, but also had advantages.

　　According to the data released by Zhejiang Education Examinations Institute, among the candidates admitted in the first paragraph, 59% took the physics exam. In the 985 and 211 colleges and universities, 74% of the candidates took physics, especially the undergraduate admission rate of those who took physics was 72%, which was 21% higher than that of those who did not take physics.

　　Some students are utilitarian in choosing subjects, so a scientific guidance system should be established as soon as possible.

　　In the new college entrance examination reform, students are given the right to choose in order to fully display their personality hobbies. However, in the actual choice, the candidates’ choice motivation is obviously utilitarian.

　　In a multi-choice conducted by China Education Online for senior high school students, the number of students who choose subjects according to their academic achievements is the largest, accounting for 69.99%, followed by students who choose subjects according to their interests and hobbies, accounting for 61.47%, and students who choose subjects according to the requirements of university majors account for 42.28%.

　　Choosing subjects that you are good at in order to get higher marks directly affects students’ choice of colleges and majors. According to the questionnaire survey conducted by China Education Online, 67.1% of students will adjust their target colleges or majors according to their own advantages when there is a conflict between the requirements of the subjects selected by the target colleges and universities and the subjects they are good at. Only 14.72% students will adjust their elective subjects according to the requirements of colleges and universities.

　　The new high exam forces colleges and universities to do something, characteristic colleges and universities counterattack, and the enrollment pressure of non-dominant majors is great.

　　The change of the examination rules has led to great changes in the admission rules, not only canceling the batch, but also emphasizing the professional characteristics in the mode of "major+university" in the new college entrance examination in Zhejiang. This new system design has effectively broken the identity boundaries of the original universities, such as 211 and 985, and provided opportunities for universities with strong discipline characteristics to surpass them.

　　When Zhejiang invested in the first paragraph in 2017, some of the original "two universities" entered the first paragraph, and some of their professional investment scores even exceeded 211,985 universities.

　　In the same way, the new college entrance examination also provides colleges with this possibility of transcendence. In the process of admission to the new college entrance examination in Zhejiang in 2017, some professional investment lines of many specialized colleges surpassed those of undergraduate colleges. For example, zhejiang financial college’s digital media application technology major scored 532 points, Zhejiang Medical College’s pharmaceutical equipment application technology major scored 529 points, Zhejiang Textile and Apparel Vocational and Technical College’s urban rail transit electromechanical technology major (Ningbo Metro Order Class for Urban Rail Transit Communication) scored 528 points, Tianjin Medical College’s medical imaging technology major scored 523 points, and Anhui Vocational College of Police Officers’s legal affairs major scored 520 points, all of which were 40 points higher than the second section of Zhejiang.

　　The new college entrance examination not only provides counter-attack opportunities for ordinary universities with strong discipline characteristics, but also sounds an alarm for some majors with unclear advantages in high-level universities.

　　In the college entrance examination in Zhejiang in 2017, there was a big gap in the professional investment scores of some former 985 and 211 universities. In the same school, the difference between the highest investment line and the lowest investment line among majors was as high as 60 points. For example, the professional score of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine is 65 points; The professional score of Northeast Normal University is 61 points; Southwest Jiaotong University’s professional score is 55 points; The professional score of Sichuan University is 49 points; China Geo University (Wuhan) scored 45 points.

　　According to the statistics of admission data of some colleges and universities over the years, Southwest Jiaotong University’s admission line in Zhejiang in 2016 was 36 points (regardless of arts and sciences), and in 2017 it was expanded to 55 points (regardless of arts and sciences); In 2016, Sichuan University scored 25 points (regardless of arts and sciences) in the admission line for enrollment majors in Zhejiang, and in 2017 it expanded to 49 points (regardless of arts and sciences).

　　(Author: Chai Long, Wu Fuping, editor-in-chief of China Education Online College Entrance Examination Research Center)

　　[Aika Auto Overseas New Car Original]

　　A few days ago, overseas media exposed the rendering of the production version of BMW i4. It can be seen that the new car is based on the i4 concept car released at the Beijing Auto Show, but many details have been changed in mass production. It is reported that the BMW i4 is built on the CLAR platform and will be equipped with the fifth-generation eDrive technology, and the comprehensive cruising range of WLTP can reach 600km.

　　Judging from the rendering of this exposure, the production version of BMW i4 is based on the previously released concept car, but the appearance details have been adjusted. For example, we found that the headlights of the production version of BMW i4 have become more similar to the 4 Series, which is more in line with the requirements of production cars. In addition, the new car has added more blue elements to the front grille to highlight its identity as a new energy vehicle.

　　As for the tail, the overall shape of the production version of BMW i4 continues the design of the concept car, but the lines are more muscular. In addition, the rear surrounding shape of the new car has been adjusted to some extent compared with the concept car, and the blue decorative board has a larger area.

　　As for the interior, referring to the previously released concept car, the BMW i4 adopts the driver-centered design concept, and the new curved display screen is combined with the steering wheel to show the innovative design in the future. The information display screen and the control display screen are merged into a whole device inclined to the driver. Screen grouping can optimize the way of displaying information content, and provide more intuitive touch screen operation, and almost all operating functions are integrated into the display screen, thus reducing the number of touch controls to a minimum.

　　In addition, the central control panel of the new car replaces the traditional shift lever with a paddle shift button, and the components such as the iDrive control button and the seat memory button are all made of crystal components. The seat material is composed of superfine fiber with line pattern and natural leather tanned with olive leaves, which embodies the design concept of environmental protection and sustainability. In addition, the BMW i4 concept car comes with three different driving experience modes, and there will be exciting visual differences among the three experience modes ("personal", "sports" and "efficient"), from the display screen and picture to the presentation of the interior.

　　In addition, the BMW i4 not only has a fashionable shape, but also has a unique voice. It was jointly developed by Hans Zimmer, a world-famous composer, and Renzo Vitale, a BMW audio designer, under the brand of BMW IconicSounds Electric, aiming at making BMW electric cars more emotional and reminding other road users with personalized voices. For example, when switching from the "core" mode to the "sports" mode, the sound of the BMW i4 concept car will gradually increase and become louder, including the sound of opening the door and starting the vehicle.

　　In the power system, the new car is equipped with the fifth-generation BMW eDrive electric drive technology, with a maximum output of 390kW(530Ps). It is equipped with a battery pack with a capacity of 80kWh, with a cruising range of 600 km (under WLTP), an acceleration time of 0-100km/h of only 4s and a top speed of over 200km. In addition, the maximum charging power of the new car is 150kW, and it only takes 35min to charge the power to 80%.

Wonderful content review:

Real shot BMW i4 concept car performance comparable to M4 electric car.

Beijing Auto Show: BMW i4 concept car officially launched in China.

Technical analysis of BMW i4 concept car in its bones.

　　Wear a mask, wash your hands frequently, and use chopsticks and spoons … … The epidemic situation in COVID-19 has made us pay more attention to the health habits in our lives. Many details of life that have been repeatedly mentioned before but are easily overlooked can benefit our physical and mental health a lot if we stick to them seriously.

　　In fact, there are more details in daily life that deserve our attention. Whether it’s breathing, sitting posture, relaxing, eating and walking, exploring some scientific doorways and making some small changes may make our life more healthy and enjoyable.

　　Learn to breathe correctly

　　Improve memory and sleep

　　Breathing may be the most natural thing in the world, but more than half of people in the world breathe in the wrong way. In fact, whether the breathing method is correct is much more important than we thought — — Correct breathing can improve our memory and improve our sleep quality.

　　The correct way is to breathe through the nose. The nose that stands out obviously on our face is carefully designed by nature: the nose hair and snot in the nose can catch dust and other foreign objects in the air; The nasal cavity behind the nose is a spongy space almost as big as the oral cavity; The nasal mucosa in the nasal cavity can adjust the temperature and increase the humidity, not only adjust the air that is too cold or too hot inhaled from the outside to the temperature equivalent to the body temperature, but also can trap pathogens with mucus; Sinus is an air-filled space connected with nasal cavity, where air circulates, increasing more nitric oxide, killing bacteria and viruses, dilating respiratory blood vessels and letting more oxygen enter the blood.

　　People may not understand that breathing through the nose will increase the air resistance by 50% compared with breathing through the mouth, so that the cardiopulmonary function can be exercised more, and the inhaled oxygen can be 20% more than breathing through the mouth.

　　The benefits seem to be more than that. Breathing through the nose can also promote brain function. It is found that the young rats who breathe through their mouths complete the maze task more slowly than the young rats who breathe through their noses, and there are fewer neurons in the hippocampus (an important part of the brain for learning and memory) in adulthood. The human memory test found that people who breathe through the nose have stronger memory ability and better test scores.

　　Scientists explain that the nasal cavity can connect with the olfactory bulb of the brain through sensory neurons and establish direct contact with the emotional and memory processing center of the brain. In addition to transmitting odor information, these neurons can also sense the air entering and leaving the nasal cavity, and lock the brain waves synchronized with these airflow, and then transmit these synchronized brain waves from the odor processing brain area to the brain area responsible for memory, emotion and cognition.

　　However, many people who breathe through their mouths miss out on these benefits. It is estimated that 50% of children and 61% of adults often breathe through their mouths. Frequent breathing through the mouth will bring about bad breath, poor sleep, learning difficulties, bad teeth, and even lead to jaw deformity.

　　People who occasionally breathe through their mouths should give themselves a wake-up call to remind themselves to pay attention to their breathing methods at all times and how they breathe during the day and night. If you find yourself breathing through your mouth often, you can take some corrective measures, such as buying a roll of tape paper and sticking your mouth when you sleep at night. A small study found that this method can reduce snoring and drowsiness in patients with mild obstructive sleep apnea.

　　Mastering the breathing frequency can also bring many wonderful uses. For example, if you want to be calm, reduce the number of breaths to six times per minute, which can trigger the body reaction of vasodilation and slow heart rate. At the same time, concentrated thinking and slow and long exhalation can also stimulate the vagus nerve, which is specialized in rest and digestive reaction, and the corresponding fight and flight reaction. If the number of breaths is reduced to three times per minute, then θ Brain waves will increase, and people will feel sleepy at the same time.

　　But whether the breathing frequency is fast or slow, breathing through the nose is the best choice. When breathing through the nose, you might as well hum a minor tune. Humming through the nose can stir the airflow in the sinuses and promote the production of more nitric oxide, sometimes up to 15 times as much as usual, which is of great benefit to the immune system and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems.

　　Change the traditional sitting posture

　　Avoid sedentary risks.

　　When it comes to correct sitting posture, we may all know not to lean back lazily or cross your legs, but many people may not be able to strictly abide by it. However, even if the standard sitting posture is adopted, sedentary is very harmful to health. Studies have shown that sedentary behavior is equivalent to smoking, which will increase the risk of heart disease, diabetes and even cancer. There is no doubt that we should all try to sit less and move more, and perhaps adopt a more suitable sitting posture, which is more conducive to our health.

　　A classic survey report describes 100 different sitting postures adopted by different cultures all over the world, among which the most common ones are sitting cross-legged, kneeling and squatting. These are also the sitting postures that children like, but more people are often used to understanding "sitting" as "sitting in a chair". This brings a big problem — — Sedentary.

　　We might as well see how the Hazards sit. Haza people are a modern hunter-gatherer tribe in Tanzania. They sit for about 9 hours every day on average, but instead of sitting in a chair, they take various postures, such as squatting or sitting on the ground in different postures. Activity monitoring shows that these sitting postures require significant muscle activity, thus avoiding the disadvantages of sedentary. The support of the chair, including the high backrest and armrest, will eliminate this muscle activity, but this may be the reason why people like to sit in the chair.

　　Yue Se Bettaney-Saltikoff of the University of Teesside, UK, thinks that ordinary chairs will put more pressure on the back if the lower part of the back lies flat on the back of the chair.

　　So, what is the best sitting posture? Bettaney-Saltikoff found that kneeling or using a stool with a saddle can help keep the spine in the best position, and squatting is also possible.

　　Leon strack, a physiotherapist at Curtin University in Australia, said that people can adopt some active sitting positions to avoid being still for a long time.

　　Strack also put forward some suggestions to fundamentally change the sedentary situation of copywriters. For example, design a more scientific working environment so that people can improve their work efficiency while doing a little activity — — Maybe we can design a desk that can do cycling or walking under the desk from time to time. At present, if the nature of your job makes you have to sit for a long time, please don’t forget to stand up and stretch your legs often.

　　Try to meditate

　　Release pressure with "micro-relaxation"

　　In fact, it is not easy to work at home. Every day, in addition to finishing the work, children should be allowed to eat and play. It may be after 9 pm when the children go to bed, wash clothes and tidy up everything. Finally, I can sit down with my lover and turn on the TV — — At this moment, I have been looking forward to it for hours.

　　Relaxation makes us happy and is a natural medicine to eliminate fatigue. More and more evidence shows that persistent high pressure will lead to chronic inflammation, which is very unfavorable to our physical and mental health. However, is watching TV the best way to relax?

　　On this issue, Claudia Hammond and Gemma Lewis of University College London, UK, surveyed 18,000 people from 134 countries and found that watching TV is one of the top ten relaxation activities that people usually do. At the same time, 68% people want to have more rest, because rest is also an unconscious relaxation.

　　Can running be regarded as a way to relax? Patricia Gebhardt, a doctor at New York Medical College, believes that both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are related to unconscious behavior. The sympathetic nervous system will enhance the fight-or-flight response and produce harmful particles called free radicals. When relaxed, the parasympathetic nervous system will start, giving the body a chance to recover from fatigue.

　　"People don’t feel dangerous when jogging," Gebhardt said, which means that the sympathetic nervous system will not respond. "Especially when people often jog in the natural environment, it will make people feel more peaceful." In addition, exercise also produces a pleasant chemical endorphin.

　　However, sometimes people need to decompress, but they don’t have time to jog or watch TV. At this time, they need a kind of "micro-relaxation". Meditation may be a micro-relaxation habit worth cultivating. There is evidence that meditation can reduce the activity of amygdala, which is the part of the brain involved in the fight or flight response. When entering meditation, the brain will stop most of its activities and concentrate on meditation and the surrounding environment.

　　A research test at La Salle University in Philadelphia, USA, shows that meditation can really make people enter an "absent-minded" state of relaxation. There is a skill to cultivate this state consciously and relax yourself at any time of the day. For example, try to wait for the bus absently, focus on the details of the surrounding environment you see, hear, smell and perceive, and let yourself enter a calm and wave-free state of relaxation.

　　Eat regularly and eat slowly.

　　Concentrate on eating and don’t eat too much.

　　Eating can be said to be the top priority in life. From the time and speed of eating to the choice of dining companions, the way of eating will have a great impact on our waistline and happiness.

　　First of all, talk about meal time. Many of us are accustomed to regard dinner as the most important meal of the day, but in fact, our bodies are more sensitive to insulin in the morning, and the peak blood sugar drops faster after breakfast than after dinner. Leonie Ruddick Collins of the University of Aberdeen in the United Kingdom pointed out that in the morning, the stomach is emptied, the intestinal peristalsis is faster, and the acid content of enzymes, peptides and bile is higher. Therefore, a reasonable breakfast can reduce the risk of diabetes, which is also good for intestinal health and digestive system.

　　Regular meals are also beneficial, which helps to regulate the genes that control the biological clock. Changing the meal time often will interrupt this coordination. In addition, people with weight loss goals can limit the interval between meals to a short time, such as delaying breakfast for 90 minutes and advancing dinner for 90 minutes. By doing this, you can lose twice as much fat in ten weeks as those who keep a normal diet.

　　The speed of eating is also important. Chewing 100 times per bite may be too much, but people who eat slowly do eat less, which may be because the hormones released after eating take about 20 minutes to work, and eating slowly is more likely to produce satiety. At the same time, eating foods with high fiber content will also require more chewing, which will slow people down.

　　Fast eaters tend to have higher levels of triglycerides in their blood. Triglyceride is a key indicator of metabolic syndrome. Although the reason is not clear, the researchers suggest that we should focus on food and sit down safely when eating to avoid interference from TV, computer and mobile phone.

　　One more question, is it better to eat alone or together? Even if there is no need for epidemic prevention and control, busy life and families living alone make eating alone more common than in the past. Research suggests that this may be a good thing. Helen Ruddock of the University of Liverpool, UK, found that although eating with friends often leads to happiness and higher life satisfaction than eating alone, people eat more when they eat with friends. Perhaps, it is a way to kill two birds with one stone by eating leisurely with friends who have good eating habits and like to eat slowly.

　　Optimistic gait walking

　　Keep walking every day.

　　Walking on two feet is actually a very dangerous way, so few species except humans will adopt this way of walking. Although incredible, we still use these two small platforms to keep balance and move, but we rarely think about how to walk is really beneficial to health.

　　Although the way we walk is basically the same, everyone’s gait is different, and the difference is even enough to be used as a biometric password. However, some weird gait may be a problem.

　　For example, a slight change in leg swing may cause damage to knee cartilage caused by the force of heel hitting the floor. In the past 50 years, the incidence of knee osteoarthritis has doubled, and it is not enough to explain it only by the increase of human life expectancy or obesity rate. Walking barefoot or wearing flat and light shoes can reduce the pressure on the knees, but high heels, on the contrary, will bring more pressure on the knees, so changing a pair of shoes that fit the feet may be good for the knees.

　　The way you walk will also have many effects. Experiments show that people who walk with "optimistic" gait can remember more positive words in the list, while people who walk with "sad" gait will remember more negative words. For the "low-headed people" who like to watch their mobile phones while walking, this will not only lead to slower walking, but also may lead to neck strain and injury.

　　Daniel Lieberman, an evolutionary anthropologist at Harvard University in the United States, made a health survey of modern hunter-gatherers and postal workers. It shows that our goal should include walking for two hours every day, but most people can’t achieve this goal. Therefore, don’t worry about whether your gait is different from others, just keep walking every day. (Fang Lingsheng/Compiled)