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　　The ninth meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensive Deepening Reform reviewed and approved many important documents, among which the "Plan for the Establishment of the National Science and Technology Ethics Committee" was passed at the top. This shows that the central government regards the construction of science and technology ethics as an indispensable and important part of promoting the national science and technology innovation system. The purpose of establishing the National Science and Technology Ethics Committee is to improve institutional norms, improve governance mechanisms, strengthen ethical supervision, refine relevant laws and regulations and ethical review rules, and standardize various scientific research activities.

　　Ethics of science and technology is the product of reason

　　Ethics of science and technology is a code of thought and behavior for the relationship between man and society, man and nature, and man and man in scientific and technological innovation and scientific research activities. It not only involves ethics in scientific research, nor is it only for scientific researchers to abide by scientific and technological ethics, but also includes ethics in the application of scientific and technological achievements. For example, consent terms for mobile app downloads and informed consent for hospital treatment. If the evolution of human civilization is regarded as a never-ending journey, the driving force for human beings to move towards a higher civilization is technology and innovation. However, motivation alone is not enough. It must also be able to identify the direction. Ethics of science and technology is a navigator that guides science and technology to benefit mankind.

　　The ethics of science and technology is the product of reason. The most fundamental reason is to require that scientific and technological innovation and achievements can only benefit or maximize the benefit of people, organisms and the environment, and not harm people, damage organisms and the environment. Even if it will inevitably damage people and things to varying degrees – such as the side effects of drugs, such side effects must be reduced to a minimum or even zero. In terms of specific ethical rules, we should also choose the greater of the two benefits and the lesser of the two evils.

　　Science and technology ethics originated in human life, and today there are more and more updated content. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a national science and technology ethics committee to meet the many challenges brought about by today’s scientific and technological innovation. More and more detailed science and technology ethics are needed to regulate scientific research behavior and the use of scientific research results.

　　Science and technology ethics need to be predictive and exploratory

　　However, proposing and following the ethics of science and technology is not only beneficial to everyone, but also beneficial to the ecology and the environment. Otherwise, it will lead to disaster and failure for everyone, and may even destroy human society. Hawking talked many times during his lifetime that artificial intelligence may destroy human beings. Although human beings are rational and thus gave birth to the ethics of science and technology, human beings also have some irrational thoughts and actions, which has led to some irrational behaviors that violate the ethics of science and technology in history, and even animal and anti-human behaviors. Today, such dangers have not been eliminated.

　　During World War II, the Nazi German and Japanese troops experimented with living people (captives), which not only violated the ethics of science and technology, but also committed crimes against humanity and humanity. Although some scientific data and principles have been obtained from human live experiments, scientific research based on harming people and destroying life is absolutely unacceptable to human society. Therefore, the Nuremberg Trials after World War II produced the Nuremberg Code (1946). In 1975, the 29th World Medical Congress revised the Helsinki Declaration to improve and supplement the Nuremberg Code. In 1982, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Council of Medical Scientific Organizations (CIOMS) jointly issued the International Guidelines for Human Biomedical Research, which explained the Helsinki Declaration in detail. Then in 1993, WHO and CIOMS jointly published the International Guidelines on Ethics and Human Research and the International Guidelines on Ethics in Human Research. In 2002, WHO and CIOMS revised and developed the International Code of Ethics for Biomedical Research Involving People, which proposed 21 guidelines to be followed.

　　This is one of the most detailed and important scientific and technological ethics in human society so far, embodying the principles of informed consent, life value, and benefit and no harm in bioethics. When scientific and technological innovation has become the most important activity of human beings today, and human beings need scientific and technological innovation to quickly and effectively promote the development of human civilization to a higher stage, there are a lot of new categories, new contents, and new progress in scientific and technological ethics. Human genome and gene editing, artificial life and synthetic life, artificial intelligence, 5G technology, robots, brain-computer interfaces, facial recognition, nanotechnology, assisted reproductive technology, precision medicine, etc., are all new areas of scientific and technological innovation and scientific research and development today, and they are also related to the well-being of all people. However, on the other hand, it may also harm people, and even lead humans to disaster and destruction. In this way, the navigation and normative role of scientific and technological ethics is extremely important and significant.

　　Therefore, science and technology ethics need to be prescient and exploratory. When a research or an industry develops to a certain scale and extent, it must be regulated by appropriate science and technology ethics.

　　In line with the establishment of a national science and technology ethics committee in our country, the ethics professional committee of the Chinese artificial intelligence society is also planning to establish and formulate various ethical norms for artificial intelligence in different industries, such as intelligent driving norms, data ethics norms, smart medical ethics norms, intelligent manufacturing norms, and robot norms for helping the elderly.

　　At the same time, due to the irrationality and profit-seeking nature of human beings, people may not only violate existing ethical principles when conducting scientific and technological innovation activities and scientific research, but also because when new ethical principles have not yet been established, there is a borderline between the old and the new, with and without regulations, resulting in scientific research that violates human ethics or is highly controversial, as well as the improper use of scientific research results.

　　It is urgent to establish a new ethics of science and technology

　　Although human beings believe that all scientific research and innovation are for the benefit of society, scientific exploration is largely in a state of unknown or even ignorance, and people do not know what consequences and latent risks such exploration and results will have when applied to human society and the natural world.

　　Due to limited knowledge and lack of understanding in scientific research, it is possible to break through the original ethical norms and form new ethical gaps, which requires national authorities to identify and judge the potential risks and consequences of scientific and technological exploration and application. It is also very important and urgent to establish new scientific and technological ethics involving specific disciplines and categories.

　　This is currently the case in a highly risky study involving cutting-edge research. For example, some researchers believe that the CCR5 gene is an accomplice in causing people to be infected with HIV, so they have knocked out the gene in newborns in an experiment to prevent AIDS forever.

　　The original intention of this scientific research may be positive. However, due to the lax ethical review, there is a huge risk in this research, which may not only violate the four existing principles of bioethics – favor, respect, fairness and mutual assistance, but also has a greater practical risk. Knocking out the CCR5 gene can prevent AIDS, but its immune function, anti-cancer function and other beneficial functions will also disappear completely. This is actually due to the lack of understanding of the comprehensive uses of the CCR5 gene. This also shows how important and urgent it is to establish a national science and technology ethics committee and formulate ethical norms for various disciplines and multidisciplinary research and application of results. (Zhang Tiankan)

[Communication Industry Network News] (Reporter
(Party Bowen) On July 28, the 2022 Global Digital Economy Conference – 5G Innovation Summit was held in Beijing. Chen Shanzhi, deputy general manager of China Information Technology, director of the Expert Committee, and director of the State Key Laboratory of Wireless Mobile Communications, pointed out in his speech that industrial digitalization, as an important part of the digital economy, is an active choice for various vertical industries to create new momentum for the digital economy. 5G will further promote the digital transformation and upgrading of traditional industries.

Under the tortuous and changeable environment of the global economy, promoting the development of the digital economy is an important driving force for the economic and social transformation of our country during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. It is expected that by 2025, the digital economy of our country will exceed 60 trillion yuan. However, at present, the overall application of 5G industry in our country is still in the early stage of development. It is driven by policies. Although industries such as industrial Internet, smart mines, smart power, intelligent transportation and intelligent networked vehicles have entered the growth stage, they have not yet formed large-scale commercial use.

In this regard, Chen Shanzhi stressed that the deep integration of 5G and vertical industries, empowering digital transformation, is the main way to stimulate the new momentum of the industry, is driven by the general trend but not easy, and put forward five thoughts on this.

Pending breakthroughs in technology

Digitalization and intelligence have become the key driving forces for economic and social development, leading a new round of industrial transformation. And from connecting people to connecting things, from connecting life scenes to connecting production scenes, connection is the premise and foundation of the intelligent world, and the ability of 5G also determines the development of 5G applications.

In terms of technical capabilities, the current 5G network with eMBB as its main construction goal is based on 3GPP
The high bandwidth and some low latency capabilities of the R15 version can solve the needs of network access and service bearers in most vertical industries, but it is difficult to meet the higher needs of some industry applications. There are some technical shortcomings in the early 5G applications, such as bottlenecks in the upstream bandwidth capabilities required by some industry applications, and the randomness and communication reliability of wireless coverage cannot compare to traditional industrial buses.

"To solve these problems, we need to rely on R16 and subsequent higher versions of the standard to support, and enhance uplink performance, latency, mobility and robustness." Chen Shanzhi pointed out that from R15’s eMBB, to R16’s ultra-reliable low-latency communication, to the just-completed R17 to achieve massive machine-type communication, the technical architecture of 5G for vertical industries has basically been built, and uplink large bandwidth, low latency, high reliability, high-precision positioning, Redcap and other technologies have become the cornerstone technologies for 5G to support innovative applications in various industries. However, the introduction of these new technologies requires a process of standard formulation, Product Research & Development to converged applications, which cannot be achieved overnight. It is expected that they will be implemented in products and networks one after another in the next 2 to 3 years.

In terms of network resilience, deploying 5G private networks for various vertical industries is the first step in 5G-empowered digital transformation. But 5G to C networks are not all suitable for 5G to
The industrial application scenarios of B are still far from meeting the needs of effective and efficient industrial applications.

For example, some industries require the core network to sink to the customer side for deployment due to the requirements of cyber security isolation and functional customization; in some special scenarios, base station equipment needs to meet the needs of anti-explosion and high temperature protection, and core network equipment needs to simplify some functions to meet the needs of industry customers.

Overall, the lack of flexibility of the 5G industry’s private network is mainly reflected in three aspects.

First, the cost of network customization in the 5G industry is high, and the network deployment mode should be determined according to the actual application scenario, whether it is a wide area virtual private network or a local area virtual private network or a private network with exclusive frequency bands. In addition, this also depends on end-to-end network slicing, 5G
The ability of LAN and edge computing technologies to support network customization.

Second, public network products have a low degree of adaptation to the industry, such as the unique deployment scenarios in mines, which require high reliability, high security, and low cost. Customized products such as lightweight core networks, intrinsically safe equipment, and cloud network integration products need to be provided to meet industry environmental and cost requirements.

Third, the operation of 5G private networks poses a great challenge to enterprises, and they should be selected according to their own capabilities. For enterprises with strong capabilities, they can achieve self-service, self-operation and maintenance, and self-development. For enterprises with weak capabilities, they can consider negotiating with operators for division of labor and joint management.

Chen Shanzhi believes that the need to optimize and customize 5G networks, equipment and services according to the needs and characteristics of the industry, promote differentiated solutions, and find a balance between "performance" and "cost" is the key to solving the lack of 5G network elasticity.

Deep integration under application

At present, 5G applications based on video, image and other auxiliary links have been widely used, such as machine vision inspection, unmanned inspection/maintenance, high-resolution video monitoring, and converged communication. However, the core control business of most enterprises is still carried by traditional networks, and 5G applications such as unmanned mining and precise remote control have just started. It can be seen that the value of 5G in most current scenarios has been initially reflected, but the depth of the digital transformation of the industry still needs to be empowered.

Chen Shanzhi stressed that it is far from enough to rely on 5G connectivity alone. To promote the deep integration of 5G with various industries, it is necessary to focus on whether it can help enterprises improve product quality, reduce production costs, improve production efficiency, improve production safety and other core demands. Tap the "hard requirements" under the 5G network, from "cutting in" to "integrating" the core links to help enterprises with digital transformation.

Enhance the value of 5G applications to achieve "three transformations". One is to upgrade the system to meet the requirements of communication transmission systems, production control systems and service management systems for communication capabilities; the second is to integrate technology, the use of perception fusion, ubiquitous connection, artificial intelligence and other technologies will change the model of traditional business; the third is to integrate changes, from auxiliary links to core links, effectively promote the digitalization of research and development, production intelligence, operation centralization, management refinement and operation and maintenance networking, and help enterprises digital transformation.

In terms of industry promotion, at present, the application of 5G industry in our country has achieved a breakthrough from "0" to "1", but there is still a gap from the scale application of "N".

Chen Shanzhi said that different industries have different development stages, different levels of digitalization, and different needs for 5G. There is no unified standard or unified paradigm. It is not an easy task to seek commonalities among differences. In order to solve the difficult problem of 5G industry promotion, the first consideration is to summarize the typical application scenarios of 5G in key industries, extract common business capabilities, and achieve "scale standardization"; the second consideration is to sort out the 5G application scenarios of general industries, form a common technology portfolio, and "scale" it. Only by quickly replicating 5G applications in more industries and enterprises can costs be reduced and scale effects be formed. This is the greatest success of the 5G empowering industry.

Finally, in terms of ecological construction, from network, platform, end point, application, data to security, the 5G industry chain is gradually improving, but at present, the interaction between all levels is weak, and there are great challenges in the cooperation between ecosystems. In the past, industry customers generally had difficulty finding partners. The 5G era will become a watershed. Telecom operators, Internet companies and communication equipment manufacturers are relying on their own advantages in cloud, network and other aspects to enter, and continue to grow the industrial ecosystem.

"From the perspective of the communications industry, it is impossible for us to understand the industry better than industry experts. To do a good job in the digital transformation of the 5G industry, a large number of industry experts will inevitably be needed. At the same time, these experts also need to understand 5G and understand communication network products. 5G allows more and more domestic players to shoulder the heavy responsibility of promoting industrial development, to explore, integrate, practice, collaborate and create in the industry."
Chen Shanzhi pointed out that cross-border cooperation will become a new normal, and solution providers who understand both 5G and industry applications will be "favored" by industry customers in the future. At the same time, cross-border running-in will take a certain amount of time, and there is still a long way to go. However, once realized, the level of industry competition and production efficiency will be raised to a higher order of magnitude.

5G empowers industry digital transformation

It is a systematic project to give full play to the advantages of 5G, accelerate and empower the digital transformation of the industry, and make 5G truly become an important support for the digital economy and an important driving force for high-quality development.

For the thinking of 5G empowering digital transformation, how to quickly promote the upgrade of 5G network from "usable" to "easy to use", Chen Shanzhi put forward three suggestions for integrated innovation and development.

First, technological evolution and performance enhancement, 5G continues to evolve to 5G-A, enhancing performance such as uplink, positioning, and perception.

The second is flexible customization and integration of applications, providing ubiquitous connectivity, flexible products, and elastic networks, launching differentiated solutions that adapt to business, realizing intelligent and simple operation and maintenance, ensuring safety and control, and promoting energy conservation and emission reduction in the industry.

The third is to cooperate and create value together, engage in in-depth and benign interaction with the industry, and cooperate with the division of labor to jointly explore business applications, so as to promote 5G applications on a large scale, and jointly build a new ecosystem for the 5G industry, so that 5G can release greater value.

At present, China Xinke has been working in key industries such as energy, transportation, and industry for many years, starting from the needs of industry customers, focusing on the core scenarios of the industry, and creating 5G + industry solutions suitable for large-scale application and promotion through solution design, Product Research & Development, and business application promotion.

Facing the future digital economy and society, market demand is the fundamental driving force for the development of each generation of communication technology. Chen Shanzhi said that from 5G’s "scene connection and scene adaptation" to 6G’s "global coverage and scene intelligence connection", 6G has greatly improved its coverage, network performance and application range compared with 5G, which will further stimulate new momentum in the industry and generate greater social and economic value.